Traditional Accounting Methods Research Articles

Competitiveness and Evolution of China–Africa Trade Network: Evidence from Value-Added Extend Decomposition

In the last decades, China–Africa trade ties have deepened. However, traditional trade accounting methods fail to fully reflect the complexity of international trade. This study applies the Wang-Wei-Zhu decomposition to analyze the evolution of the China–Africa value-added trade network from 1990 to 2021, focusing on the value of intermediate and final exports. It also examines structural changes and measures the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) based on value-added trade, assessed through forward and backward industrial linkages. Following are the findings: (1) The value-added trade network has expanded and exhibits small-world characteristics, though it remains concentrated in a few countries. (2) China’s influence is growing, shifting the network core from South Africa to China. (3) The trade network shows significant imbalances, with African countries mainly sending intermediate exports, such as raw materials, to China for processing, while China sends a large volume of final exports to Africa for direct consumption. (4) The RCA analysis highlights key differences between China and Africa. Africa’s RCA is primarily concentrated in the primary sectors, followed by services, with manufacturing being less developed. By contrast, China’s RCA is weaker in primary industries but stronger in low-tech manufacturing sectors.

CO2 Emission Prediction for Coal-Fired Power Plants by Random Forest-Recursive Feature Elimination-Deep Forest-Optuna Framework

As the greenhouse effect intensifies, China faces pressure to manage CO2 emissions. Coal-fired power plants are a major source of CO2 in China. Traditional CO2 emission accounting methods of power plants are deficient in computational efficiency and accuracy. To solve these problems, this study proposes a novel RF-RFE-DF-Optuna (random forest–recursive feature elimination–deep forest–Optuna) framework, enabling accurate CO2 emission prediction for coal-fired power plants. The framework begins with RF-RFE for feature selection, identifying and extracting the most important features for CO2 emissions from the power plant, reducing dimensionality from 46 to just 5 crucial features. Secondly, the study used the DF model to predict CO2 emissions, combined with the Optuna framework, to enhance prediction accuracy further. The results illustrated the enhancements in model performance and showed a significant improvement with a 0.12706 increase in R2 and reductions in MSE and MAE by 81.70% and 36.88%, respectively, compared to the best performance of the traditional model. This framework improves predictive accuracy and offers a computationally efficient real-time CO2 emission monitoring solution in coal-fired power plants.

ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING (ABC) SYSTEM TO DETERMINE PRODUCTION COST (STUDY ON CV TWIN ALFA)

This study explores the implementation of the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) system at CV Twin Alfa, a company engaged in the production of automotive training equipment for vocational and mechanical engineering students. In an increasingly competitive market, the necessity for accurate cost information is paramount for strategic decision-making and pricing strategies. Traditional cost accounting methods, which allocate manufacturing overhead based solely on production volume, lead to significant inaccuracies in cost calculations, particularly for companies with diverse product offerings. This research demonstrates that the ABC system provides a more precise method for calculating production costs by linking expenses directly to the activities that generate them. Findings indicate that employing the ABC system not only enhances the accuracy of cost information but also supports improved operational efficiency and competitive pricing. The study concludes that adopting the ABC approach is essential for CV Twin Alfa to refine its cost management practices and maintain a competitive edge in the marketplace.

Representation of Human Resources in The Accounting System: Methods and Applications

The rapid development and progress of the knowledge-based economy has increased the importance of human resources as a key factor in determining the overall value of companies. However, traditional accounting methods have difficulty in accurately reflecting the true value of such intangible assets. In this context, the study aims to examine how human capital, which is becoming increasingly important for companies, can be represented in accounting systems and the limitations of current accounting standards. The study discusses controversial issues and problems related to human capital accounting practices and presents sample applications. It concludes that, under TPL/GCIAS and standards, expenditure on human resources by enterprises should be expensed in the period in which it is incurred, rather than capitalized, because human resources are not considered intangible assets.

Implementasi SAK EMKM Terhadap UMKM di Kota Pontianak (Studi Kasus Pada FT Laundry)

The majority of businesses in Indonesia are micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Due to their presence in various sectors, MSMEs play an important role in driving the country's economy. Nonetheless, MSMEs face obstacles and lack of understanding in following the Financial Accounting Standard for Micro, Small, and Medium Entities (SAK EMKM) which highlights the importance of preparing financial statements. This study aims to investigate how FT Laundry MSMEs prepare their financial statements whether they are in accordance with SAK EMKM standards through a qualitative research approach involving document analysis, interviews, and observations. Data was analyzed using the methods of information collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Based on the research findings, it appears that owners of laundry businesses still rely on traditional accounting methods for their financial records and do not adopt the SAK EMKM financial reporting system. The main reasons why these businesses do not adopt SAK EMKM include a lack of understanding of the system, a lack of manpower who can prepare reports in accordance with SAK EMKM guidelines, and a lack of awareness of the importance of preparing reports in accordance with the standard.

Reassessing China's virtual water trade with a global value chain framework: Participation, inequality and multi-scenario analysis

With the rise of global value chain (GVC), traditional accounting methods for virtual water (VW) trade have failed to reflect the inherent VW flow generated by the production of intermediate goods in shared production processes. Here, we reassess China's VW consumption in 2020 based on a new GVC framework, and propose the concept of VW consumption embodied in forward and backward GVC activities (VWF/VWB). We clarify China's role in GVC activities and reveal VWF/VWB inequalities under multiple scenarios. Our results show that the maximum share of VWF and VWB reaches 64.4% and 86.1%, respectively, far exceeding the traditional trade share. China's VWB primarily sources from developing countries in Asia, while VWF primarily serves the United States. VWF/VWB inequalities are exacerbated by China's GVC activities and exhibit considerable variation under multiple scenarios. Our findings provide new insights into reconciling China's GVC participation and narrowing regional disparities in VW consumption.

Direct Variable Cost Comparison of Monitored Anesthesia Care Versus Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tournique Carpal Tunnel Release: A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis

Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) provides a more accurate and granular estimation of direct variable costs compared with traditional accounting methods. This study used TDABC to quantitatively compare the same-day facility costs of open carpal tunnel release (CTR) performed under monitored anesthesia care (MAC) versus wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT). We retrospectively identified 474 unilateral CTR (182 MAC and 292 WALANT) performed at an orthopedic specialty hospital between 2015 and 2021. Itemized facility costs were calculated using a TDABC algorithm. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, and itemized costs were compared between those treated under MAC (MAC-CTR) and WALANT (WALANT-CTR). Multivariable regression was performed to determine the independent effect of MAC on true facility costs. Total facility costs were $170 higher in MAC-CTR compared with WALANT-CTR ($652 vs $482). Monitored anesthesia care-CTR cases had higher personnel costs ($537 vs $394), likely because of higher surgery personnel ($303 vs $185) and postanesthesia care unit personnel costs ($117 vs $95). Monitored anesthesia care-CTR cases also had higher supply costs ($119 vs $81). When controlling for demographics and comorbidities, MAC-CTR was independently associated with an increase in personnel costs by $150.65 (95% CI, $131.09-$170.21), supply costs by $24.99 (95% CI, $9.40-$40.58), and total facility costs by $175.66 (95% CI, $150.18-$201.09) per case. Using TDABC, MAC-CTR was found to be 35% more costly to the facility compared with WALANT-CTR. Notably, WALANT-CTR facility costs presented here do not include additional cost savings from anesthesiologist service fees or preoperative laboratory clearance required for MAC-CTR surgeries. To reduce costs related to CTR surgery, greater efforts should be made to reduce the number of intraoperative personnel and maximize the use of WALANT-CTR in an outpatient setting. Economic and Decision Analysis II.

Integration between Value Engineering Technology and Activity-based Costing and their Impact on Reducing Costs: Applied Research in Baghdad Soft Drinks Company/Private Shareholding

The research mainly aims to integrate activity-based costing and value engineering and consider their role in reducing costs for industrial facilities in the face of the modern business environment characterized by many developments and rapid changes. The research problem is that traditional cost accounting methods are insufficient to provide organizational units with useful information in many administrative decisions, especially those related to product quality, to calculate costs and meet requirements correctly and can be replaced by modern cost management methods. Moreover, to find compatibility between them in a competitive environment in the public and private sectors, The study is based on the following hypotheses: There is a significant relationship between the integration of value engineering technology and activity-based costing and cost reduction, and the integration of value engineering technology and activity-based costing has a significant effect on cost reduction.

Transformations in the Field of Accounting and Their Impact on Accounting Practices: An Analytical Study to Understand Insights and Challenges

This study explores accounting transformations and their impact on practices by understanding the insights and challenges they bring. It analyzes the relationship between technological advancement and traditional accounting methods, focusing on major technological shifts affecting financial data analysis, decision-making, adoption of modern tools, and associated ethical and security challenges. Using an analytical approach, the study uncovers complex effects on accounting practices, offering important insights for professionals, scholars, and policymakers to understand the dynamics between tradition and innovation in accounting. It also highlights the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the Tigris River, temperature changes, and their broader implications for public health and climate change risks. The study concludes that technological transformations have fundamentally reshaped traditional accounting practices, improving the speed and accuracy of financial data collection and analysis. However, these changes have introduced new challenges related to ethics and security, emphasizing privacy and safety concerns. Moreover, the study underscores significant impacts of technological advancements on financial decision-making and environmental consequences, particularly the increased heavy metal concentrations in the Tigris River due to rising temperatures, affecting aquatic life and public health. This study provides valuable insights for professionals, scholars, and policymakers into the interplay between tradition, innovation in accounting, and the environmental implications for public health.

The Impact of Digitalization on the Accounting Profession

Abstract Our scientific approach aims to analyze and present the impact of digitization on speed and accuracy in accounting processes, highlighting the differences between traditional accounting methods and digital ones regarding the speed, accuracy and precision of accounting records, as well as the production, publication and preservation of accounting information. We also aim to provide a clear perspective on how digitization is reconfiguring the accounting landscape. Another objective of this article is to explore the challenges and possible limitations of digitization regarding the accounting profession in order to provide a balanced picture of this phenomenon. Finally, we intend to provide practical recommendations for accountants and organizations on the effective adoption of digital technologies in their accounting activities.

On the implementation of digital technologies in accounting and financial analysis

Integration of digital technologies into accounting and financial analysis processes has become a necessity in today's economy. With the rapid growth of data volumes and the complexity of financial transactions, traditional accounting methods are becoming increasingly problematic. The integration of digital technologies offers ways to enhance efficiency, accuracy, and analytical capabilities in accounting and financial analysis. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the impact of digital tools such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, blockchain, and data analytics on the processes of accounting and financial analysis. It identifies the benefits, challenges, and best practices associated with their implementation. Based on an analysis of scholarly sources and specific research, this paper reveals significant advantages of implementing digital technologies in accounting and financial analysis. These include automation of routine tasks, real-time data processing, predictive analytics for scenario planning, improvement in fraud detection, and expanded decision-making capabilities. The results obtained indicate the transformative potential of digital technologies in the field of accounting and financial analysis, capable of effecting a range of revolutionary changes. At the same time, they highlight challenges such as data security issues, skill shortages among professionals, and the need to adapt regulatory frameworks to technological progress. Cloud technologies have completely changed the way accounting data is stored and accessed, while automation tools have streamlined routine tasks and freed up time for strategic activities. Simultaneously, artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies have enabled accountants to extract crucial information from financial data, enhancing decision-making processes and fostering business growth. Prospects for further research lie in exploring the scalability and interaction possibilities of digital solutions across various organizational structures, assessing the long-term impact on job roles and qualification requirements, studying the ethical implications of decision-making based on artificial intelligence, and developing frameworks for effective risk management in the digital age.

Accounting in the context of digital transformation

The relevance of the topic is due to the active introduction of digital technologies into all spheres of public life. The purpose of the article is to examine the development of accounting in the context of digital transformation. Information modernization is an object of focal and comprehensive government management. In the context of the active introduction of digital technologies, the accounting system is being adapted, which involves the process of forming a unified information business space that is superior to traditional accounting methods. This enhances accounting’s ability to interpret and summarize data more quickly and efficiently. In the course of the work, general and specific research methods were applied, including methods of analysis and generalization, a method of classification and evaluation of the results obtained.

Analisis Penerapan Metode Activity Based Costing Method Untuk Meningkatkan Akurasi Dalam Menentukan Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi

The aim of this research is to determine the application of the Activity Based Costing method to increase the accuracy of production cost calculations. The research method used in this research is a descriptive research method using a case study approach which took the research location in Puspita, Jakarta City. The results of this research show that the calculation of production costs using the traditional analytical accounting method is IDR 15,978.15 while the Activity Based method of determining the cost of production Costing is IDR 15,766.36 so there is a price difference in the D lunch box production method at Pupita Catering Town Jakarta, which is more appropriately applied to operating costs based on the difference of IDR. 211.79 is lower compared to traditional cost accounting methods because factory overhead costs are allocated to several cost drivers so that operating costs can be allocated to products correctly and precisely according to the consumption of each activity.

CLOUD ACCOUNTING UNVEILED: INVESTIGATING CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS IN MODERN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

Cloud accounting has emerged as a transformative force in modern financial management, offering businesses unprecedented opportunities to streamline processes, drive innovation, and achieve strategic objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of cloud accounting, exploring its key features, benefits, challenges, and prospects in detail. The analysis begins by elucidating the fundamental concepts of cloud accounting, highlighting its accessibility, scalability, and cost efficiency compared to traditional accounting methods. It delves into the challenges faced by businesses in adopting cloud accounting, including security concerns, data privacy issues, integration complexities, and regulatory compliance requirements. Despite these challenges, the prospects for cloud accounting are bright, with numerous opportunities for businesses to leverage its benefits and drive growth. The paper identifies scalability, flexibility, cost efficiency, innovation, collaboration, security, and integration as key prospects in cloud accounting, highlighting their transformative potential in reshaping financial management practices. Furthermore, the paper underscores the importance of real-time collaboration, accessibility, and security in fostering a culture of transparency, accountability, and trust within organizations. It emphasizes the role of cloud accounting in creating interconnected ecosystems of applications and data sources, enabling better decision-making and operational efficiency across the organization.

THE ROLE OF ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION (RPA) IN MODERN ACCOUNTING: A REVIEW - INVESTIGATING HOW AUTOMATION TOOLS ARE TRANSFORMING TRADITIONAL ACCOUNTING PRACTICES

This study investigates the transformative impact of Robotic Process Automation (RPA) on modern accounting practices. The primary objective is to analyze how RPA is revolutionizing traditional accounting methods, focusing on its integration, challenges, and future prospects. Employing a systematic literature review and content analysis methodology, the study draws on a range of academic journals, industry reports, and white papers, published between 2013 and 2023. The findings reveal that RPA significantly enhances operational efficiency, accuracy, and compliance in accounting processes by automating routine tasks. This automation allows accounting professionals to shift their focus towards more strategic and analytical roles. The study identifies key challenges in RPA adoption, including integration complexities, workforce adaptation, and privacy concerns. It also highlights the evolving role of educational institutions in preparing future accountants for a digitalized environment. Looking forward, the study predicts further advancements in RPA, driven by the integration of AI and machine learning, offering sophisticated applications in predictive analytics and decision support. However, these advancements come with challenges that need balanced management. Strategic recommendations for industry practitioners emphasize the importance of continuous learning and effective integration strategies. Policymakers are advised to develop regulatory frameworks guiding the ethical use of RPA in accounting. The study suggests future research directions, including the long-term impacts of RPA on the accounting profession and the integration of RPA with emerging technologies. Finally, RPA stands as a pivotal technology in the accounting sector, offering significant benefits while presenting challenges that require careful navigation as the field continues to evolve.
 Keywords: Robotic Process Automation, Accounting Practices, Modern Accounting, Automation.

A review of U.S. management accounting evolution: Investigating shifts in tools and methodologies in light of national business dynamics

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of management accounting in the United States, focusing on the shifts in tools, methodologies, and the influence of national business dynamics. The primary objective was to understand how management accounting practices have adapted to technological advancements, economic changes, and regulatory developments. Utilizing a systematic literature review process, the study involved identifying relevant literature through databases like Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, employing keywords related to management accounting evolution. The selection of sources was based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, emphasizing relevance, quality, and methodological rigor. Content and thematic analysis was used to interpret findings from the qualitative data. Key findings revealed a significant evolution from traditional cost accounting methods to strategic, data-driven approaches, influenced by technological advancements and changing business environments. The study identified a shift towards integrated, predictive, and data-driven management accounting practices, with a growing focus on sustainability and digitalization. The impact of technological, economic, and regulatory factors was found to be profound, necessitating continuous adaptation in management accounting practices. The study concludes that management accounting in the U.S. is highly dynamic, responding effectively to technological and economic changes. Recommendations for future research and practice include embracing technological advancements, adapting to economic and regulatory changes, focusing on sustainability, enhancing education and training, and encouraging collaborative research. This study underscores the necessity for ongoing adaptation and innovation in management accounting to maintain relevance in a rapidly evolving business landscape.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the Accounting System of Saudi Companies

As a major player in the world market, Saudi Arabia has seen substantial adoption of artificial intelligence AI) technology in its commercial environment. This study intends to thoroughly examine the specific effects of AI on Saudi business accounting systems. This paper offers comprehensive knowledge of the consequences of AI application in the accounting sector through a thorough examination of the body of existing literature. It examines how traditional accounting methods are affected by AI-driven automation, data analysis, and decision-making processes in the Saudi Arabian environment. The viewpoints and experiences of first-hand participants in integrating AI into Saudi enterprises’ accounting systems are provided by this study through a survey distributed to important stakeholders, such as accounting professionals, technology specialists, and business leaders. This study also emphasizes how incorporating AI technology into accounting procedures may affect workforce dynamics, skill needs, and organizational structure as a whole. One of the most significant research findings is the ability of AI to process enormous volumes of data quickly and accurately, allowing for improved financial analysis, risk assessment, and forecasting. This facilitates wiser and more strategic business decisions. AI also simplified accounting processes and decreased the need for human labor, saving Saudi enterprises money. As a result, resource allocation was optimized and overall financial performance was enhanced.

Research on Accounting Quality Management of Enterprises under Financial Sharing Mode

Abstract With the deep integration of the global economy and the continuous individuality of technology, the complexity of enterprise operation and management is increasing, which makes the traditional accounting and accounting methods difficult to meet the needs of modern enterprises. This paper proposes an enterprise accounting accounting method applying information computing technology, which applies association rules to generate frequent item sets of data for the accounting data under the financial sharing mode and obtains the optimal rules through pruning. Based on the time series prediction of the enterprise’s financial data, changes are made. Taking the actual enterprise case study, the association rules involved in accounting are more accurate, the calculation results are basically the same as the actual value, and the final cost accounting value is only nearly 2 million yuan different from the actual value, the accounting error is only 0.02%. Furthermore, the association rule algorithm has a significant impact on improving the efficiency of accounting work. The service time of counter personnel can be reduced by 30% after Bank P applies the management rules to accounting management. The average execution time of the initial ticket examination operation has been accelerated from 10.53 seconds to 5.42 seconds. The association rule algorithm can effectively improve the precision of enterprise accounting and the efficiency of accounting personnel, while also identifying existing problems in the current management system.

The Impact of Automation and Ai in Revolutionising Traditional Accounting Methods

The Impact of Automation and Ai in Revolutionising Traditional Accounting Methods

Correlation Analysis and Monitoring Method of Carbon Emissions in the Steel Industry Based on Big Data

Excessive carbon emissions will lead to catastrophic consequences such as global warming and rising oceans and will also have a serious negative impact on the human food supply and living environment. The steel industry is characterized by high pollution, and about 18% of China’s carbon emissions come from the steel industry. The ‘double carbon’ strategy has brought important tasks and severe challenges to China’s steel industry. With a view to evaluating the achievements of carbon emission control, carbon emission monitoring systems at home and abroad have been continuously established and improved. For the steel industry, accurate and efficient carbon monitoring technology has a guiding role in guiding energy conservation and carbon reduction. Traditional carbon emission accounting methods have some problems, such as long cycles and poor data quality, which restrict the improvement of the lean level of carbon emission monitoring management. Firstly, this paper investigates and analyzes the productive process and carbon emission process of the steel industry and constructs an entropy weight-grey correlation -TOPSIS analysis method for the correlation between carbon emissions and influencing factors. Based on the above content, a carbon emission monitoring method based on multiple influencing factors is put forward, and the high monitoring accuracy of the model is proved by taking the Tianjin steel industry as an example. The results show that information mining of relevant data can strikingly increase the accuracy of carbon emission monitoring in the steel industry.