Traditional Academic Research Research Articles

Evolving Attitudes of Science Graduate Students Toward Science Policy and Communication

Widespread changes in the exchange and politicization of science have made it imperative for scientists to be prepared to engage in science communication and science policy. Separately, science graduate students express interest in a more diverse array of career trajectories beyond the traditional academic research path. These forces together inspire changes to graduate education to develop critical science communication and policy skills. However, universities remain focused on training students in primarily academic research skills. This case study measured changes to beliefs about and participation in science communication and policy among science graduate students over three years to better understand the evolution of interest in these practices. Importantly, not only did students report a significantly increased interest in and belief in the importance of science communication and policy, but also these increases were observed regardless of their initial beliefs. Graduate students also provided qualitative feedback about the reasons behind these changes and perceived barriers to participating in science communication and policy. These data help to both motivate universal changes to graduate education to include science communication and policy and to inform stakeholders on how these changes can be optimally designed to address barriers and interests. Finally, corresponding policy changes are recommended to departments, universities, scientific societies, and other stakeholders to enact effective change to graduate training.

ChatGPT: "To be or not to be" ... in academic research. The human mind's analytical rigor and capacity to discriminate between AI bots' truths and hallucinations

Background. ChatGPT can generate increasingly realistic language, but the correctness and integrity of implementing these models in scientific papers remain unknown. Recently published literature emphasized the ”three faces of the coin” of ChatGPT: the negative impact on academic writing, limitations in analyzing and conducting extensive searches of references across multiple databases, and the superiority of the human mind. Method. The present study assessed the chatbot's ability for improvement and its propensity for self-correction at various points in 2023. Starting from previous papers published in our clinic, the authors repeatedly challenged the ChatGPT to conduct extensive searches for references across multiple databases at different time intervals (in March and September 2023). The bot was asked to find recent meta-analyses on a particular topic. Results. The replies (print screens) generated in March and September 2023 serve as evidence of the OpenAI platform's qualitative development and improvement. During the first contact with ChatGPT-3, one noticed significant content flows and drawbacks. ChatGPT provided references and short essays, but none of them were real, despite ChatGPT's clear affirmative response. When searching PubMed IDs, all DOI numbers indicated by the chatbot correlated to various unconnected manuscripts. After a few months, the authors repeated the same interrogative provocations and observed a significant shift in the replies. The ChatGPT-3.5 delivered balanced responses, emphasizing the superiority of the human intellect and advocating traditional academic research techniques and methods. Discussion. A recent comparative systematic analysis using the PRISMA method using the same keyword syntactic correlations to search for systematic literature or open sources has revealed the superiority of the classical scholarly method of research. In contrast, every document (title, authors, doi) that ChatGPT-3 initially delivered was erroneous and associated with a different field or topic. Literature published during the first trimester of 2023 emphasized ChatGPT`s hallucinatory tendency to supply fake ”bibliographic resources” and confabulatory attempts to paraphrase nonexistent ”research papers” presented as authentic articles. A second inquiry was realized six months later generated reserved and cautious solutions, indicating the researcher should analyze and carefully verify the information from specialized academic databases. Conclusions. The paper succinctly describes the flows and initial limitations of the ChatGPT-3 version and the process of updating and improving the GPT-3.5 system during 2023. ChatGPT might be a possible adjunct to academic writing and scientific research, considering any limitations that might jeopardize the study. The new perspective from ChatGPT claims that human intelligence and thought must thoroughly assess any AI information.

SASER in Practice: Early Insights from Two Case Studies Connected to Industry

AbstractSystems Engineering (SE) research with Industry as a laboratory (IaL) has multiple benefits: it safe‐guards relevance, facilitates co‐design, and allows researchers to gain practical insights. However, it faces a challenge in aligning traditional academic research with fast‐paced industrial processes. The Spiral Approach for Systems Engineering Research (SASER) was recently proposed to address this challenge. In this paper, we demonstrate and discuss for the first time the application of SASER in the context of (1) the High‐tech industry, and (2) Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Despite the context differences of the two case studies, SASER shows promising results for both the researchers and the industrial partners in keeping the partners interested, enabling shorter feedback loops, and preventing analysis paralysis. Even though there are just two case studies and this is an early stage research application of SASER, we firmly believe that it shows merit in facilitating SE academic research in the context of IaL.

Rules and Norms, Freedom, and Regulation: The 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF)

The review of the 15th Congress of the International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF), one of the first virtual events of such a scale, highlights modern tendencies in anthropology, ethnology, and folklore. The authors of the review observe the growing interdisciplinarity, the use of adjacent disciplines, and the politization and socialization of the traditional academic research. The Congress’s eighteen streams included topics customary for the SIEF congresses (“Archives & Sources”, “Narratives”, “Food”, “Material Culture and Museums”, etc.) as well as new ones (“Posthumanism”, “Intersectionality”), with over 1000 presentations in total. There is a detailed overview of several panels and streams, including those dedicated to the new folklore and changes in rituals due to the pandemic. The authors note the broadening geography of the participants and, as a result, the increasing number of academic traditions covered at the Congress, which was possible partly thanks to the virtual format.

Trainee-led collaborative research: the future present.

Research collaboratives are a compelling addition to traditional academic institution-led research; highly motivated individuals connected across national and international networks are able to access huge populations and huge voluntary workforces very quickly to deliver high-quality research that has the potential to be more representative of the global healthcare environment. It is essential that the surgical community embraces, encourages, and supports these organizations to advance the acquisition of knowledge at a pace that was not seen in the past.

Incarcerated Bodies – Embodied Autoethnography in Prison

Prison is a study field in which everyone – inmates, guards, and prison researchers – experiences powerful sensory stimuli comprised of sounds, sights, and smells in a crowded, closed space. Yet traditional academic research has socialized researchers to “wash away” their physical and emotional feelings for fear they would jeopardize the scientific nature and validity of their studies. Nevertheless, at times in a prison setting, the researchers’ bodies are the only tool that enables them to document what goes on; so much so that ignoring their bodies and emotions leads to a loss of valuable information. Using embodied autoethnography (EA), I have examined bodily experiences in prison as reflected in the staff's conversations about the prisoners, how the prisoners speak of themselves, and the researcher's own prison experience while facilitating theater and study groups in an Israeli prison. I contend that the staff treats the prisoners' bodies as one would a messy body, which then becomes a metonymy for the prisoners' criminal personality. Although the prisoners internalize this standpoint, they continuously undermine it by boasting bodies that are both aesthetic and tidy. In conclusion, I claim that prison inmates are attentive to the self-body of all those with whom they interact. They use performance and physical gestures to build relationships while expressing vulnerability and empathy. Prisoners forge mutual emotional ties with researchers they identify as having a psychic deadness and with whom they are able to engage in a process of emotional bartering. The study sheds light on the incarceration experience and effects of human bodies in prison, emphasizing the importance of the use of qualitative methodologies that give voice to body, senses, and emotions.

The “research world café” as method of scientific enquiry: Combining rigor with relevance and speed

Next to rigor and relevance, this paper addresses speed as a third challenge of joint academic practitioner inquiries. Practitioners seek fast and actionable knowledge. However, traditional academic research takes a long time to execute. We propose a data collection method - the world café - with the potential to reduce this clock-speed challenge and to close the knowledge production and transfer gap. However, the traditional world café needs some amendments in order to be fully applicable as academic data collection method. This paper has the following five objectives: 1) include “speed” in the discussion of rigor and relevance in management research, 2) suggest the world café method as a technique to accelerate data collection in academic practitioner collaborative research, 3) introduce the “research world café” as an academically rigorous data collection method, 4) illustrate the use of the world café method with a small example 5) compare it to alternative methods such as expert interviews, focus group or Delphi. Results of a survey on the speed of group research methods is presented, evidencing that world café research is able to present practitioner results twice as fast as conventional research methods.

From Consulting to Publication

The objective of this Panel Symposium is to explore the challenges of engaging in consulting and research, with a goal of publishing in highly regarded academic journals. Part of the mission of the Academy of Management (AOM) is to ensure that our science-based knowledge is relevant and responsible, providing insights that make a valuable contribution to our society and its institutions. A core goal is to produce knowledge that is truly actionable—transcending purely scientific concerns and enabling organizations and their members to draw on these insights to make informed choices about practical problems and opportunities and to effectively implement solutions to these challenges. Consulting within organizations helps to uncover values for both research and practice – in essence, the foundation of the challenge of “bringing the manager back in management.” The panel will address a number of the challenges and opportunities in undertaking this dual effort of combining practice and scholarly research, including: • coping with the time pressures associated with consulting versus time of academic publication; • the challenge of capturing and disseminating data extracted from the field to both academics and practitioners; • the rigor-relevance debate in linking consulting and research; • our ongoing quest for actionable knowledge; • addressing critics from more traditional academic research methods; and • realizing the value of practitioner-scholar collaboration in our research.

Dementia enquirers: pioneering approaches to dementia research in UK

This paper explores the Dementia Enquirers approach to dementia research, and the 10 local projects which have been funded in the first wave of the programme. The paper is written by six people with dementia with expertise by experience, supported by a traditional academic with expertise by research. This co-production enables the voices of people with dementia to be heard, and expands the field of disability studies. The authors discuss problems with traditional academic research, and the different ways that people with dementia go about research. Two examples of research projects led by people with dementia are discussed. The paper explores difficulties people with dementia have had with formal research ethics procedures and how they propose to do things differently. In conclusion, the authors challenge mainstream dementia research to do things differently, and to understand the potential contributions of people with dementia. Points of interest People with dementia can conduct research People with dementia understand ethics and can come to considered judgements about capacity, consent and the risk of harm. People with dementia may sometimes enjoy advantages in their ways of working Mainstream research and research governance needs to adapt, if people with dementia are to be included.

Research on the Application of Classical Literature Based on Computer Retrieval

In recent years, computer information technology has brought great impact on the traditional life model and has also brought great influence to the traditional academic research model. At present, in the field of “text”, the most important thing is the data mining based on big data, that is, the direction of computer retrieval. In the face of data mining, there are two ideas: either to manually make enough rules to break unstructured text into semi-structured or structured text that machines can understand, or to make machines more and more intelligent through deep learning. This is of course the trend of scientific and technological development. In this general trend, as researchers, we should also study different styles with a positive attitude. For example, the analysis platform of Yuefu poetry can be developed according to the key elements of Yuefu poem, such as title, usage, skill, tune and style. In view of the unique writing style of epitaphs and letters, data mining can be carried out on such styles, and the generated knowledge pedigree is also of great benefit to the related research of other styles.

Investigación educativa socialmente relevante

Las metodologías de investigación en contextos comunitarios son cada vez más participativas, lo cual se debe, entre otras cosas, a las críticas hacia el escaso compromiso social de las investigaciones académicas tradicionales y al surgimiento de intelectuales indígenas que las realizan en sus comunidades desde perspectivas de activismo etnopolítico y decoloniales, promovidas por intelectuales indígenas y no indígenas. En ese tenor, este artículo pretende dar cuenta de un proceso de investigación educativa etnográfica en una comunidad zapoteca de la Sierra Sur de Oaxaca, mediante un enfoque participativo, con fundamento en dos grandes principios: 1) la construcción de conocimientos en, con y desde la comunidad; y 2) la compartencia de éstos, lo cual implica un compromiso comunitario.

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, a Publication of DEIS

IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine is involved, together with its sponsoring society, the Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society (DEIS), in providing leadership, coordination, and communication among those who are concerned with dielectric phenomena and measurements and with electrical insulating materials, including their behavior as it affects their use in electrical and electronic apparatus. The Magazine is specifically concerned with publishing articles on the development and characterization of the dielectric, chemical, mechanical, and environmental properties of all vacuum, gaseous, liquid, and solid electrical insulation and with utilization of these materials in circuits and systems under conditions of use. The Magazine is not an alternative to the IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation for traditional academic research or review papers.

Sustainable Profit versus Unsustainable Growth: Are Venture Capital Investments and Governmental Support Medicines or Poisons?

Considering that startups greatly contribute to the economic development and survival of a country through economic growth and job creation, it is necessary to investigate the profitability of startups. However, research on this issue has not been developed enough as most previous studies regarding firm profitability were based on large-scale public companies with relatively easy data accessibility, not on startups. In addition, it is meaningful to empirically prove whether venture capital investments and governmental support positively impact on the sustainability of startups as huge discrepancies exist between traditional academic research and recent practices. Findings from this study, based on data analytics, are expected to fill the gap in knowledge as it is not clearly known about firm profitability of startups for their sustainable growth and survival. Focusing on startup profitability, the main objective of this research is to provide significant theoretical contributions and practical guidelines for startup entrepreneurs, investors, and policymakers to avoid unsubstantial growth and find solutions for sustainable growth and survival. To properly and completely analyze the determinants of firm profitability of startups, this research used the 2018 and 2019 Survey of Korean Startups by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups of Korea and Korea Venture Business Association with over 3000 samples.

Introduction to the analysis of public policies

We can talk about public policies when a public authority - central or local - intends, with the help of a coordinated action program, to modify the economic, social, cultural environment of social actors. At national level, public policies can appear from any of the major state institutions (Parliament, President, Government, central or local authorities). The study of public policies is different from the traditional academic research, having an applied approach, oriented towards: (1) designing and developing solutions for the problems of society, (2) Interdisciplinarity, (3) Orientation towards problem solving: it does not have a purely academic character, but it is oriented towards the problems of the real world, looking for solutions for them, (4) Normativity. The general stages of this process are as follows: (1) defining the problem, (2) making the decision, (3) implementation of public policy, (4) monitoring and evaluation of public policy.

The Intersection of Academia and Practice: Publishing in Leading U.S. Accounting Organizations' Journals

ABSTRACTFor the period 2013–2017, we examine top contributors to five practitioner journals published by leading U.S. accounting practitioner or professional organizations, based on an analysis of the authorship of over 1,000 main articles. Further, we survey leading contributors. Our authorship analysis reveals that the leading academic institutions and academic authors in practitioner journals are more likely to be top 100 in accounting education research, rather than in traditional academic accounting research. Further, most of the academic authors are tenured faculty members, and many have extensive practice experience. While some large accounting firms are leading contributors to practitioner journals, most of the top non-academic institutions are other accounting, consulting, and law firms. The survey findings highlight that authors' key motivations to publish in practitioner journals relate to potentially contributing to/influencing practice and gaining wide readership of their work, but the formal rewards to authors often are limited.

Intellectual spaces in screenwriting studies: The practitioner-academic and fidelity discourse

As Craig Batty argues, traditional screenwriting research predominantly concerns itself not with the practice of writing, but its end product. This can lead to the actual process of writing being overlooked. The advent of the practitioner-academic within screenwriting studies has led to the foregrounding of the interests of practice over those of more traditional academic research. According to Batty, the intent of the practitioner-academic’s research is to generate knowledge that can influence the work of screenwriters directly. This article argues that additionally, practitioner-academics can make a valuable contribution towards more ‘traditional’ research, simply by occupying the same unique intellectual space from which they might influence practice. The article uses debates surrounding fidelity within adaptation studies to examine the ways in which the practitioner-academic’s unique approach can enhance ‘traditional’ research, and draws on examples from practice to do so, namely the book to film adaptation Starship Troopers (1997).

Reflective Praxis: accelerating knowledge generation through reflecting on our research and practice

ABSTRACTWe are delighted to announce a new and innovative inclusion for Cities & Health! ‘Reflective Praxis’ will encourage and actively foster deep and considered reflections from researchers, practitioners, policy-makers and communities about their work and its impacts. We seek both substantial scholarly articles and briefer think-pieces to share across the Journal’s readership and encourage discussion. It is our hope that Reflective Praxis will significantly add to the generation of knowledge to complement, and engage with, more formal and traditional academic research outputs. Reflective Praxis builds on the central aim of Cities & Health which is to contribute to ongoing knowledge generation for healthier city development and management. In this editorial introduce the specifics of the new section and provide a detailed rationale for its inclusion in the Journal. We encourage built environment practitioners, designers, planners, policy-makers and communities to contribute their reflections, so that together we can build the knowledges central to the advancement of urban health into the 21st Century.

Academics at three African universities on the perceived utilisation of their research

This article contributes to emerging knowledge on the utilisation of university research in sub-Saharan Africa. A survey was conducted comprising 463 academics at three African universities: the University of Ibadan (Nigeria), the University of Nairobi (Kenya) and the University of Rwanda. The study investigated the agreement between two measures of research utilisation and highlighted the types of research interactions associated with instances of perceived research utilisation, whilst taking into account the different categories of intended beneficiaries. The first measure, a single question, required the respondents to indicate to what extent the stated intended beneficiaries had utilised the research as planned. The second measure operationalised a stage model of research utilisation. Responses at the ‘upper end’ of both measures were labelled ‘true’ research utilisation. A percentage reduction in utilisation was observed when cross-tabulating the two measures – from 48 per cent who believed that research utilisation occurred to some extent (upper end of first measure), to 35 per cent who held the same opinion and who obtained above-average scores on the stage model of utilisation (upper end of second measure). For the subgroup at the upper end of both measures, the larger share of cases (54%) exemplified the instrumental utilisation of research. This subgroup was found to be involved in traditional academic research practices and participated in a number of outreach activities targeting non-academic audiences.

Participatory research in community development: A case study of creating cultural tourism products

Although participatory research can be an improvement over conventional research, there is a lack of self-critique and self-reflection by scholars. The aim of this paper was to develop a method of participatory research in human geography based on a case study of the local community. We evaluated the positive and negative aspects of carrying out participatory research in community development from the local community and academic points of view. The participatory method was used in a rural local community in Slovenia, where cultural values were identified as an alternative developmental source. The method was presented in detail in three steps: 1) knowledge acquisition, 2) knowledge synthesis, 3) knowledge implementation and evaluation. The results yielded important social impacts, some economic and cultural impacts, and no significant ecological impacts. The paper discusses the impacts of conducting such research on the local community. It recognizes that, if the community is actively engaged in research, outcomes are likely to be matched to its needs and expectations. We discussed scholars’ bias towards economic aspects of community development and the fact that ignoring local knowledge may result in the failure of developmental initiatives. There is a need for more accurate and unbiased critical assessment of long-term impacts of carrying outparticipatory research. We believe we avoided two common traps of participatory research: regarding the positivist critique, this method offers sufficient scientific vigour and could be reproduced in similar communities; regarding the post-structural critique, personally committing stakeholders towards implementation and legitimising all social groups to overcome intrinsic power relations within the community. We concluded that participatory methods are important for obtaining local knowledge that complements traditional academic research.

Three dimensions of maturity required to achieve future state, technology-enabled manufacturing supply chains

The particular challenges associated with supply chain application of emerging manufacturing technologies are increasingly recognised in industry, academia and government. The problem is often described in terms of technology readiness levels, with the particular challenge relating to the stages between proof of concept and initial adoption in the factory environment. In the United Kingdom, the government has established the High Value Manufacturing Catapult, a network of manufacturing innovation centres brought together with the objective of addressing the so-called valley of death between traditional academic research and industrial needs across a broad spectrum of manufacturing process technology. This is achieved through demonstrating manufacturing technology at full scale, in factory representative environments in terms of equipment, process control and operation. This provision helps to address the key gap of full-scale pre-production capability demonstration and can be seen to de-risk investment in new manufacturing technology. This article argues that addressing this particular gap is entirely necessary but not sufficient to drive exploitation of the full potential that is available from the latest manufacturing technologies. A three-dimensional maturity-based framework is proposed, which, in addition to considerations of technology demonstration, also allows the position of the target product application in its product lifecycle and the readiness of the supply chain to receive the technology to be taken into account as success factors in the potential for industrialisation. Case study examples, both current and historical, are used to illustrate the need for such an approach in achieving future technology-enabled supply chains. In combination, this analysis introduces the basis of a more complete ‘long valley of death’ description which articulates the needs of research networks to establish a level of foundational capability ahead of specific client readiness projects in order to maximise overall pace and achieve a level of agility of delivery which is consistent with future views on digitalisation of manufacture.