Place In Trade Research Articles

Impact of COVID-19 on Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and Way Forward.

As countries and industries continue to cope with the unparalleled challenges presented by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), a specific area of concern has been the uncertainty surrounding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global and Indian supply chains of the pharmaceutical industry. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated the importance of establishing a risk management system that focuses on assessing future risks resulting from the loss of a supply chain among countries. This review focuses on the role of the Indian pharmaceutical industry towards the pandemic. This review investigates the economic effect of COVID-19 across segments and what it implies for the Indian economy. The COVID 19 flare-up has additionally commenced the Indian pharmaceutical organizations an opportunity to transform into a supported trade place point for gathering drugs and intermediates. An enormous pharmaceutical industry in India has consistently been a foundation of reasonable human services, and this pattern would now be able to be required to heighten further. The activities from COVID-19 are with a need to change the overall impression of Indian pharmaceutical associations and even more altogether, reduce the dependence of the private pharma associations on alone suppliers like China.

Status of Production and Distribution of Fresh Milk by Villagers in Bariyarpatti, Sohpur

The study specially focused on production and distribution of fresh milk in ‘Bariyapatti’ Rural Municipality. Sohapur village, where number of local people visit daily in order to buy fresh milk. Milk is good for the bones because it offers a rich source of calcium, a mineral essential for healthy bones and teeth. It reduces blood pressure which also benefits bone health. The main objective of the study is to explore and analyse the status of production and distribution of fresh milk by villagers in Bariyarpatti Rural Municipality ward No. – 04, Sohpur. The study is based on descriptive research design. Primary data collection tools i.e. observation, questionnaire method and direct interview method is used. The study concludes that the milk supplier of the village are facing the problem of supply fluctuation due to the improper management of milk production by the villagers and selling situation of fresh milk. The trading place for trading milk is not appropriate. Despite large number of cows and buffalo populations, the proportion of milking animals has remained low. Indicating a large number of ‘unproductive’ animals. The existing suppliers are not focusing on quality of milk, the quality of milk refers that they mix water with the fresh milk. Through improving in timely collecting money, considering hygiene factors and using cows to produce milk rather than buffalos can benefit for the supplier of milk.

COVID-19: Recent advances in epidemiology, virology, etiopathogenesis, clinical trials and vaccine development

Background:The causative virus of COVID-19 has been named SARS-CoV-2. It is the seventh coronavirus that is pathogenic to humans and the third in the series of human pathogenic beta coronaviruses. Patient zero was identified to have contracted the virus in Wuhan, China. Shortly after the initial identification of the virus and its symptoms, multiple studies concluded that the virus originated from the “Wuhan seafood market”, a notorious market place for illegal wildlife trade based in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei region of the People’s Republic of China. Globally, as of 7:02 pm CEST, 29 May 2020, there have been 5704736 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 357736 deaths, reported to the WHO. The transmission of COVID-19 is primarily by way of respiratory droplets, which can be developed via means of coughing or sneezing, hence spreading the disease from one person to another person. The research proposed indicates the possibility of bats as being the natural cistern of SARS-CoV-2, hence making COVID-19 a zoonotic disease. The most suspected intermediate host is the Malayan pangolin. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that has an affinity for ACE2 receptors in humans, causing severe pathological symptoms. Symptoms like anorexia, dyspnea, fatigue, pyrexia, cough, headache, dizziness, nausea, productive sputum, abdominal pain, myalgia, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting. Vaccines that are currently in the clinical evaluation are the Adenovirus type 5 vector, mRNA-1273, Inactivated alum, ChAdOx, LNP-mRNA, DNA plasmid vaccine with electroporation and Inactivated vaccines. A Phase III randomized multicountry clinical trial comprising of 100 countries known as “Solidarity” (ISRCTN83971151) has been initiated by the WHO to achieve the unified goal of producing an adequate treatment for COVID-19. The present Solidarity trial focuses on the following drugs: Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir with or without interferon beta-1a, Chloroquine, or hydroxychloroquine.
 Conclusion: It is invariably essential to promote research in this field of study and find an appropriate solution to the virus to allow individuals worldwide to lead a secure and healthy life.

The organs of the date palm: an ecologically clean raw material for human use in the Algerian Sahara.

The region of Ouargla, located in the south-east of Algeria, is one of the main dateproducing areas. Date palm is a source for and various products. It produces, every year, dates that are, traditionally, considered as a basic food for the local community as well as a commercial product. This phoenicicole biomass is also used for different purposes (building, heating, fodder, cooking, agriculture, therapy and cosmetics). This study aims to value the products of oasis land, through date palms products, and to endeavor to highlight the economic importance of these products and their uses in order to consider strategies for developing this patrimony. Nine sites are retained for investigation. They represent localities which are notorious for having kept, so far, knowledge and know-how in the use of dates as well as other organs of the date palm, and where these products are likely integrated in the socio-economic life of their populations. The aim is to determine the raw material of production, the uses of the date palm organs, dates’ fields of usage and the importance of the products derived from the phoenicicol mass in the commercial environment. We noticed that the organs of the date palm, which are considered as a raw material, are available in a considerable tonnage. An important range of sub-products is derived from the date palm. It is used in basket-making (utensils, cabinetmaking, and garden-work material) and as a livestock aliment with high economic revenue. Besides, these organs (palms, spines, petiole, seeds, sap, pollen…) are used in making medicinal and cosmetic products. All in all, these products are biological and start making their place in modern trade, which might give a new dynamic to the local and national economy.

Molecular screening of cattle ticks, tick-borne pathogens and amitraz resistance in ticks of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province in Ecuador

The province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in Ecuador is a strategic place for cattle production and trade. The lack of knowledge about tick species, tick control and tick-borne diseases in Ecuador prompted this study with the goal of identifying the cattle-tick species and tick-borne agents present in the area and molecularly determining the potential acaricide resistance to amitraz of the major cattle tick species. Eighty-four cattle farms were visited and in 88 % of them, cattle were infested with ticks. Additionally, 24 historical samples from other surrounding Ecuadorian provinces, were screened as well. Besides morphological keys, PCR-RFLP MspI was used to confirm the presence of the Rhipicephalus ticks. The tick samples were also screened for tick-borne agents using PCR-RFLP BseDI and Hhal tests to identify circulating Babesia sp. and Anaplasma spp. Furthermore, the PCR-RFLP EciI technique was used to identify the amitraz resistance gene in populations of Rhipicephalus microplus in the province. Pooled testing was used to determine prevalence at individual-tick level. The presence of R. microplus and Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato (s.l.) ticks was found in 83 % and 21 % of the cattle farms respectively, showing R. microplus is widespread in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas. Regarding tick-borne agents, only Anaplasma marginale was observed in 50 % of the visited farms of the province, while about 27 % of the ticks tested positive according to estimations from the data of the tick pools. The presence of Babesia bigemina was only confirmed in samples collected outside the province. The amitraz resistance allele in R. microplus was found in 62 % of the farms, but the percentage of farms with cattle ticks completely resistant to this acaricide was low (2%). The findings of this study should prompt cattle producers and animal health authorities to monitor control strategies, which address the management of resistant tick populations and the epidemiologically-unstable areas of tick-borne diseases.

Into the bazaar: Indian Ocean vernaculars in the age of global capitalism

AbstractDrawing on a far-flung, multilingual archive of contracts and financial instruments from around the western Indian Ocean, this article highlights how cross-cultural trade depended on the ability of groups to translate between one system and another, rendering one commercial lexicon legible to another so as to produce commensurability and allow for conversions to take place. Law constituted a foundational building block of this process: Indian Ocean merchants drew on a deep well of legal concepts and forms as they attempted to make their worlds legible to one another, mobilizing the grammars of law to bridge commercial systems. We situate these dynamics within the context of the Indian Ocean ‘bazaar’, establishing it as a site for thinking about the place of cross-cultural trade in world history, and the histories of global capitalism more broadly. We suggest that Euro-American capitalism’s very agents had to adapt their commerce to the idioms, logics, and contracts of their business partners around the Indian Ocean – a vernacular world of the bazaar that was itself already in motion.

The Model of the Constitution of Proportionate Development

The values of the consumer society have an impact on all fields of social relations. Currently, significant changes are taking place in trade, financial and credit, information, social, environmental and other fields.The purpose of the study is to analyze the current transformations from the point of view of interaction with constitutional and legal institutions, and to identify promising directions of their further formation. Particular attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development initiated at the end of the last century — a set of measures aimed at rational consumption of environmental resources, coordinated overcoming of social and economic crises for the benefit of not only present generation but also future generations. Methodologically, the paper is based on the methods of legal modeling and intersectoral analysis, formal-legal and system-structural methods. The formal-logical analysis of the current legislation and international instruments, as well as the method of monitoring enforcement allow us to assume legal approaches that significantly hinder sustainable progress in the environmental, economic and social fields.Following the results of the study, the author raises the question of the development of a model of the constitution of proportional development as a tool for counteracting the risks of the consumerist society. Taking into account the specifics of state and public institutions of Russia, the presented model provides economic, ecological, social, ethical and aesthetic components. Key issues of mutual influence of these subsystems concern new approaches to the catalog of constitutional and legal values, goals and principles.

EFFECT OF EARTH COVERING AND WATER BODY ON LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE (LST)

Land surface covering and water body play an important role on local environment especially on Land Surface Temperature (LST). In study above mentioned concept has been conducted on the drainage basin of Atai-Bhairab-Rupsha river confluence which is an important place both for agriculture and trade in the south-western part of Bangladesh. Here the impact of both surface covering and water body on local environmental factor like LST is being analyzed to determine the main catalyst in ever changing LST. LST study in this area which is changed dramatically recently may be a well-defined index, reflects environmental conditions. LST is mainly altered by the factors like land surface covering such as vegetation represented by NDVI, water body by NDWI, and barren or urban area by NDBI but only few are key factors. The gradual changes of these four parameters (LST, NDVI, NDWI, and NDBI) are studied for the years 1991, 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011 and 2017. From the LST study, it is observed that from 1991 to 2017 highest temperature decreased significantly and the difference between 1991 and 2017 is greater than 100C. Variation of lowest temperature all these years are insignificant. Meanwhile, from NDVI analysis if is observed that area of vegetation coverage increased in a significant rate from the years 1991 to 2017. The area of water body is being found almost unchanged in this time period from the NDWI analysis. Nevertheless, from the NDBI analysis it is found that the barren area is diminished significantly in this period and is obviously replaced by vegetation. At all, it can be said that the highest value of NDVI in 1991 is greater than 2017 denotes some short of drought or increasing salinity condition but in general viewpoint vegetation helps to keep surface temperature under control.

The Role of Artificial Lighting in the Commercial Heritage Buildings: Restaurant

The facade of the building is the first thing that is visible to potential visitors. In case of restaurants, the facade of the building will give an impression of service, quality, and atmosphere of the restaurant in it so that a restaurant needs something that could represent the concept of the restaurant to be displayed [1]. Restaurants that use heritage buildings as their trading places can be very commercially unique. Generally, they already have concepts that are related to culture and creativity [2]. However, the regulations regarding the adaptation of building functions will still apply to them. For example, the prohibitions in changing the physical structure of buildings which affect the applications of the facade lighting designs, so that artificial lighting in commercial heritage buildings requires special treatment as it must follow the preservation rules. This study aims to analyze the principles and techniques of lighting in restaurant facades of heritage buildings which also accommodate the commercial facade elements. This is a qualitative study based on the survey and interviews with the potential customers. This study uses Café Batavia in Kota Tua area and Tugu Kuntskring Paleis located in Menteng as case studies.

The Administration of Small-Scale Economies in the Cross- Border Trade in Southeast Asia

Purpose: This research aims to reveal that the servitude for economic interest in cross border trade zone can be applied in Southeast Asian countries. This trade cooperation includes the right to carry out certain actions in a country's territory as a place of trade for their foreign citizens. Approach/Methodology/Design: This study was conducted by using the field research and analyzed with descriptive analysis regarding the establishment of inter-state trade zones in the border regions of Malaysia and Indonesia. Findings: The results showed that managing the border region it is required to be emphasized by using servitude for economic interest to establish special trade zone for the creation of social justice in the border region. The establishment of a Special Area of Cross Border Trade, as that in Serikin market in Serawak, Malaysia, can be administratively used an alternative in managing the socio-economic border relations between Indonesia and Malaysia. There are several issues that must be examined as the implications of the establishment of border trade zones. Practical Implications: It is necessary to make an agreement on a special cross-border trade area to complement BCA and the BTA, in form of the Border Area Agreement (BAA). Originality/value: The trade area in the Serawak border is part of the acculturation of border communities, which requires special consideration in terms of management, legal rights and national jurisdiction. In addition, this kind of trade area is not formed by the Border Cross Agreement (BCA) and the Border Trade Agreement (BTA).

DIRECTIONS OF CHANGES IN POLAND’S RETAIL TRADE

The aim of the research was to present changes taking place in retail trade in Poland after economic transformation. The diversity of retail sales forms was presented. Five stages of transformation of this sector were isolated. The directions of changes as well as the perspectives for the development of retail trade were indicated. The period under study was the years 1990-2018. This article was prepared mainly on the basis of literature and data obtained from the GUS (Eng. Central Statistical Office) and studies of the former Instytut Badań Rynku, Konsumpcji i Koniunktur (Eng. Institute for Market Research, Consumption and Business Cycles) in Warsaw. During the period under study, retail trade developed in Poland; both in terms of quantity and quality, in addition to a change in the structure of stores. Ensuing changes positively influenced the development of this sector, which, due to increasing demands of consumers, high competition, changes in legal regulations and technological innovations, will require further transformation. There are plans to create unmanned stores in Poland in the near future, without traditional cash registers, to use secure and fast payments thanks to biometrics and use artificial intelligence to optimise turnover and sales management.

PROMOTING SOCIAL VALUES IN EGYPTIAN MARKETS PLACES

The Egyptian markets began to give up their social and cultural role for their society. The research aims to explore the social role and the added value of shopping performed in trade places in Egypt. Then researcher learns the points of promoting the activities associated with shopping. Markets will perform their developmental social role in compatible with the social orientation. The research followed the methodology of studying the concept of social marketing orientation. Orientation aims to support the society and create value for markets. The social trend directed the research to observe patterns of activities associated with shopping in Egypt and to study the shopper's satisfaction. Then the researcher conducted interviews and a questionnaire for a random sample of 109 Egyptian shoppers. Then the results were analyzed statistically with the SPSS program. The researcher concludes the current state of the rate of interaction, the reasons for attracting the study sample to the activities associated with the Egyptian markets, And the level of individual satisfaction with the Egyptian market. The research conducted that the social role in the Egyptian market is weak now, and suggested points that support the social orientation. The research recommends to correct the social orientation path of urban markets, and to create visible spaces in the markets. The spaces allow cultural development interaction between individuals. An organized plan must be devised for the patterns of development activities that suit the target marketer. Activity contributes to directing the members of society according to the needs of their country.

Book trading in the structure of book study: the evolution of ideas

The article describes the evolution of views of leading scientists in the field of bibliology regarding the book trade. It focuses on the concepts created by some of the founders of bibliology such as N. Lisowski, A. Lovyagin, M. Kufaev. Views on book trade presented in the works of Soviet book specialists in the 1920s—30s (M. Shchelkunov, N. Somov, A. Mézières) are also outlined. Attention is given to the discussion of the structure of bibliological sciences as a comprehensive science, as well as the place that book trade occupies within it in the period of the "rebirth" of bibliology. Furthermore, the article analyzes the place of book trade in the functional concepts of bibliology created by A. Barsuk. It also focuses on the role of book trade in the writings of J. Morgenstern, E. Nemirovsky, and in M. Nyzovyi four-component structure of book science. The views on book trade within the systematic-typological concepts of bibliology by A. Belovickaya are also considered. The article also defines the place of book trade in the documentional conception (Yu. Stolyarov, A. Shvetsova-Vodka) and presents the views on this phenomenon reflected in the works of M. Raz and V. Markova. The analysis of the aforementioned reflections on the book trade as an object of bibliographic research allows the author to conclude that in the conceptions of leading scholars it is regarded as a part of book sciences (traditional bibliology), as a communication intermediary in documental communication (documental concept), and as a communication intermediary in book communications (socio-communicative approach). Finally, the article identifies the prospects of further studies for scientific research on the e-book trade.

Analysing the efficient use of solar energy in an automatic vertical rotary car parking system

The objectives of the experimental investigation, to survey existing parking system and select suitable lift mechanism when design components of lift. In the present research, the main concern is to study the efficient use of solar energy in vertical rotary car parking system and choose the optimal car parking with minimal available area. Present design depends on chain and sprocket mechanism for leading the parking prototype and motor for powering the system working with solar photovoltaic (PV). In this work, the prototype is tested and done analysing to promote the parking land at tricky places and convoluted trade places. The possibility of implementing the project inside Iraq is possible, relying on young Iraqi cadres. The model was programmed on a miniature rotary vertical position. The cost of implementing this project in Iraq is the most appropriate cost compared to neighbouring countries. This is in order to ensure the success of the project as a modern style of new technology to serve the citizens and add a civilized touch to the cities.

THE RISK OF FINANCIAL NETWORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT CHALLENGES

In the current context of the redefinition of financial markets due to the challenges generated by the multi-polarity phenomenon, virtual space becomes the main trading place for financial products, and our role as a researcher is to identify new financial instruments appropriate to this reality, which is why we consider that a market trend financial is that of a new network architecture in the virtual financial space based on nodes of financial interference. Moreover, financial space is a monetary representation of all other areas that can be identified and defined in society, especially in the economy, and can be considered as a set of specific financial interconnections with defining characteristics that determine them. Along with the profound changes in the interconnection of the socio-economic entities, using the new information channels, more and more often in the discussions of the specialists and not only a number of monetary issues are debated, in its virtual aspect, respectively the financial risks related to the virtual space, as well as the degree of “mastery” of information networks. In this context, in this paper we will try to make a series of contributions on how this financial space is designed – as a complex network with an adequate degree of risk.

The Dark Tide by Alicia Jasinska

Reviewed by: The Dark Tide by Alicia Jasinska Natalie Berglind Jasinska, Alicia The Dark Tide. Sourcebooks Fire, 2020 [336p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781728209982 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781728209999 $17.99 Reviewed from galleys R* Gr. 9-12 Every St. Walpurga’s Eve, the Witch Queen selects a young man as the yearly sacrifice to appease the tide that threatens to flood the island of Caldella. Seventeen-year-old Lina is terrified by the prospect of her brother’s becoming the Witch Queen’s next choice, so she seeks help from Thomas Lin, the only boy to survive the selection, who convinced the former Witch Queen to sacrifice herself instead. When Thomas is chosen again by Eva, the nineteen-year-old current Witch Queen, Eva accepts Lina’s offer to trade places with Thomas, and as Eva and Lina grow closer, they develop feelings for each other and work together to find alternatives to human sacrifice, even as other witches plot a coup against Eva. This queer-friendly adaptation of the ballad of Tam Lin invokes a sense of folktale magic, with common tropes of breaking larger-than-life curses and a classic scene in which Thomas Lin transforms into various creatures as Lina holds on to save him. Australian author Jasinska brings the island setting to life with witches that craft spells using sailor [End Page 432] knots and with island festivals involving dancing and magical gift exchanges; readers will have a hard time putting this one down and, sacrifice or no sacrifice, will wish they could be part of Caldella’s festivities and magic. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Waste Bank Application in Jelegong Village, Bandung District, Indonesia

Jelegong Village is located on the banks of the Citarum River. This river has a high level of pollution caused by industrial and domestic waste. Garbage from Jelegong Village has the potential to pollute the Citarum River both directly and indirectly. The waste bank, a disaggregated waste trading place, is one of the technologies that can help to overcome the waste problem in the Hamlet 03 Jelegong Village. Before the waste bank is operated it is necessary to know the readiness of the community to operate it. This study aims to analyze the readiness of the people of the Hamlet 03 Jelegong Village towards the operation of the garbage bank using the KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practice) survey method. The questionnaire was distributed to 80 respondents to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and daily behavior. Based on the results of the study it was found that the community of the Hamlet 03 Jelegong Village has a high level of knowledge (85%), a positive attitude (51.25%), and good behavior (54.55%). Based on the results of this analysis it can be concluded that the community RW 03 Jelegong Village is ready to operate the waste bank. Some recommendations were pointed out for the waste bank of the Hamlet 03 Desa Jelegong which focuses on increasing people's motivation to trade their waste at the waste bank.

The Factors in the Emergence of Smallholder Rubber Plantation in Tapanuli: 1906 - 1942

Latex has become more useful ever since the discovery of vulcanization methods, for it is used for the automotive industry and the manufacturing of electrical appliances. This then makes the price of latex soar as a result of high market demand for this white sticky thick ‘liquid’. Thus, it makes people interested in investing in rubber plants because they are considered to have a significant economic impact. Apart from the economic factors offered, there are other factors that are no less important, namely land, capital, laborer, and the existence of a market place for trade. These factors should be the main factors. Because, if these factors do not hold, the people in Tapanuli will still not be able to enjoy it however high the price of rubber is.

Knowledge of tuberculosis among female sex workers in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh: a cross sectional study

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries like Bangladesh. Female sex workers (FSWs) and their clients are active sources for spreading TB. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge of TB among FSWs in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 225 FSWs. The knowledge on TB was measured by six different questions. Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression model were used in this study to find the associated factors of lack of general knowledge on TB among FSWs.ResultsOut of 225 FSWs, 43.1, 34.7 and 22.2% came from urban, rural and slum areas respectively. More than 41% FSWs perceived that TB is a non-communicable disease. A large number of FSWs (76.4%) did not know the spread of TB. It was found that more than 90% FSWs did not have knowledge on latent TB. The χ2-test demonstrated that FSWs’ education, monthly family income, age, currently marital status and sex trading place were significantly associated with their knowledge on TB. A remarkable number of FWSs (42.2%) had poor knowledge on TB. It was found that comparatively higher educated FWSs were more likely to have good or fair knowledge on TB than lower educated ones (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study revealed that near to half of FSWs in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh had poor knowledge on TB. Public health authorities should pay due attention and adopt policy for increasing the knowledge on TB among FSWs to reduce the incidence of TB in Bangladesh. Subsequently, advocacy, communication for social mobilization program is very urgent.

Weaving value: Selling carpets in the liminal space of Istanbul's Grand Bazaar

All around the world, places of trade are typically conceived as places of deceit, if not outright danger: the plight of the carpet seller in Istanbul might be likened to that of the used car salesman in the West, for instance. But Istanbul’s Grand Bazaar is a particularly well‐known centre of (perceived) deceit – the home of the trickster par excellence – and carpet sellers are the iconic bearers of this reputation. As a threshold of thresholds, the bazaar is a global crossroads, where a huge diversity of cultures and histories intersect, and carpets are objects that express this perhaps the most magnificently.