Trade Model Research Articles

СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ТОРГОВЫХ СЕТЕЙ КАК СЕМЕЙНОГО БИЗНЕСА

In the context of digitalization and rapidly changing consumer preferences, retailers face the difficult task of flexibly responding to new challenges while maintaining their own identity and competitive advantages. A comparative study of strategies and organizational models of family trading companies with a long history and large open corporations deserves special attention. This allows you to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to doing business in order to build your own effective strategy based on this.

The impact of digital trade rule networks on the advancement of global value chains in the Internet era

Abstract In the context of the digital era, global value chains are facing unprecedented reconstruction and upgrading. The development of global trade is influenced by the importance of digital trade in upgrading the status of global value chains. Based on the research of digital trade and global value chain theory, we construct a mechanism model of digital trade to enhance the status of the global value chain and measure digital trade and global value chain by combining the multi-indicator panel hierarchical factor analysis method and the trade value-added accounting method, respectively. Benchmark regression analysis of digital trade and global value chain status indices of major economies is used to explore the impact of digital trade on the status of global value chains. There is a positive correlation between the level of digital trade and the GVC status index, with the GVC status index increasing by 1.6 percentage points for every 1 percentage point increase in the level of digital trade. The level of digital trade has a positive impact on the GVC position of both developed and developing economies. For every 1% increase in the level of digital trade, the GVC position index of developed and developing economies increases by 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively.

Dynamic Stepwise Carbon Trading Game Scheduling with Accounting and Demand-Side Response

Abstract With the help of cooperative game theory, this study constructs an integrated demand response economic game scheduling model for carbon trading, aiming to maximize collective and individual benefits. The model effectively reduces the system operating cost by adjusting the electricity price to incentivize PDR-VGU output. The impacts of price demand and integrated flexible operation demand on the coordination degree of carbon trading and the optimized dispatch results under different scenarios are analyzed in depth. It is found that when considering the carbon trading mechanism, the system operating cost and carbon emissions are reduced by RMB 2,129 and 9.63 tons, and RMB 2,350 and 11.96 tons, respectively, showing a win-win situation in terms of economy and environmental protection. In addition, the energy time-shift strategy implemented in the carbon capture power plant system effectively balances the peak-to-valley difference of thermal power output, further reducing the cost.

ВІРТУАЛЬНІ АКТИВИ В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article highlights the essence of digital transformations in the economic sector, which in recent years have significantly increased their potential, turning into a determining factor in the strategizing and development of industries and areas of production, service, management, etc. It is summarized that the development of the economy under the influence of digitalization processes involves the construction of socio-economic relations, which is aimed at increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of production and capital and finds its manifestations in the newest development paradigm, in which the increase of competitiveness and efficiency becomes relevant and necessary. the sphere of economic relations reflects the specifics of production and the application of new technologies based on the use of a large amount of data and technologies, which allows creating qualitatively new models of business, trade, logistics, and production. A new form of financial and economic relations arising in the conditions of integration of real and virtual space is the movement of digital financial instruments. Virtual assets are an integral part of the digital economy, opening up new opportunities and prospects for society. Their development and integration into stable economic systems shapes the future of financial and commercial relations. However, to fully realize their potential, existing challenges need to be explored while ensuring sustainable and safe use of these technologies. Virtual assets are one of the significant monetary instruments in the new paradigm of financial development of society, which blur the boundaries between the segments of the financial and nonfinancial services markets. The evolution of virtual assets and digital money is objectively determined by the evolution of information technology and computer technology, which led to the expansion of the scope of their application and methods of distribution. The key principle of circulation of virtual assets is their decentralization, based exclusively on market mechanisms. The implementation of the circulation of virtual assets based on the use of digital technologies affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the functioning of the financial system of any country.

StockGPT: A GenAI Model for Stock Prediction and Trading

StockGPT: A GenAI Model for Stock Prediction and Trading

International Policy Coordination in a Multisectoral Model of Trade and Health Policy

International Policy Coordination in a Multisectoral Model of Trade and Health Policy

Modern Models of Trade and Economic Relations Between Latin America, the EU and China

Modern Models of Trade and Economic Relations Between Latin America, the EU and China

An empirical study on the factors affecting seafood trade under the background of RCEP

This paper uses panel data from 2013 to 2022 on China and five member countries of RCEP, the major trading partners, to construct a gravity model of trade. It analyzes the factors influencing China's seafood trade. Based on the empirical research results, this paper proposes strategies such as increasing technological input, deepening industrial structural reforms, and actively attracting foreign direct investment.

Climate effects on the diversification strategy of export firms: Evidence from China.

Using a multi-product trade model, this study investigates the impact of temperature on firms' diversification in the export market. Using export and meteorological data of Chinese firms from 2000 to 2016, the empirical results confirm an inverted U-shaped relationship, implying that extreme temperatures significantly reduce firms' export product diversification. The analysis shows that extreme temperatures primarily reduce the variety of both new and existing products, with a less robust effect on product exit strategies. General trade firms are more adaptable to extreme temperatures than processing trade firms, and are likely to maintain diversified strategies. Stronger regional financial markets and higher energy consumption increase the adaptability of local firms to extreme temperatures. Firms have not yet adapted to local climatic norms. Furthermore, extreme temperatures also partly inhibit diversification of export destinations and relationships. The results of the study show that as climate change intensifies, leading to more frequent extreme temperatures, firms will face significant hurdles in pursuing diversified development strategies, pointing to increasing challenges ahead.

Internationalization strategy management for small and medium-size enterprises: A case study of LED industrial enterprise

With China’s “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR) cooperation initiative in 2013, more and more Chinese SMEs enterprises (SMEs) are heading overseas to international markets (Li, 2020). In the early stage of internationalization, most Chinese SMEs still focus on traditional export trade. By 2023, after ten years of development of the Belt and Road initiative (BRI), the traditional export trade model is no longer sufficient to support Chinese SMEs to cope with competition in the international market (Han, 2021). However, most Chinese SMEs do not have a clear internationalization strategy, so the development of a clear internationalization strategy has become an important research topic for Chinese SMEs. This paper takes D&H company as the research object, uses the PEST analysis model, and the internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE), internal and external environmental factor analysis matrix to sort out the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats faced by the company, and applies strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-threats (SWOT) and the quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) tools to study the internationalization paths and plans of D&H. This paper explores the new situation of internationalization in a practical sense and provides research examples and methods for Chinese SMEs to develop internationalization routes with some reference value.

Auction-Based Single-Sided Bidding Electricity Market: An Alternative to the Bilateral Contractual Energy Trading Model in a Grid-Tied Microgrid

Auction-Based Single-Sided Bidding Electricity Market: An Alternative to the Bilateral Contractual Energy Trading Model in a Grid-Tied Microgrid

Study on the Development Trends and Strategies of International Economy and Trade under the New Situation

Abstract In today’s increasingly globalized world, trade between countries has become more interconnected, and international trade has emerged as the primary driver of economic development for all nations. This paper proposes a standard trade model for the new situation using the Dixit-Stiglitz model. Starting from the consumer’s point of view, the two-stage maximum method is adopted. Using the Lagrange function, the demand utility function of consumer preferences is processed, and the model optimization scheme is deduced. The ARMA model is used to predict the volume of merchandise foreign trade, and the prediction range includes autoregressive and moving average processes. The indicators are used to evaluate the smoothness of the series within the sample period. A suitable sample of international trade data is selected. The results of the analysis are as follows: in the logistic autoregressive analysis test, the significance of all factors, except for the language and religion factors, passes the significance test of 0.001, and at the same time, the model goodness-of-fit is greater than 0.1, ranging from 0.115 to 0.175. In the analysis of the spatial evolution pattern of international economic trade and trade dynamic development, the spatial Gini coefficients of the first category of goods in 2000, 2014, and 2019 and the third category in 2000 are 0.4306, 0.4717, 0.4956, and 0.4673, respectively, which are lower than 0.5, showing a more balanced evolution pattern.

Prediction Model for Stock Trading using Combined Long Short Term Memory and Neural Prophet with Regressors

Prediction Model for Stock Trading using Combined Long Short Term Memory and Neural Prophet with Regressors

Gravitational model: analysis of mutual trade of the Eurasian Economic Union countries

This study presents the aggregative data analysis concerning foreign trade of the Eurasian Economic Union (hereinafter referred to as EAEU) countries. A gravity model of the foreign trade in several modifications between 2011 and 2019 (the period before the COVID-19 pandemic) was applied. On the basis of the conducted research it was discovered how fast the impact of the distance factor between foreign economic partners decreases with consideration to the time factor. Also those industries and spheres of activity were identified where the factor may be the least important or where the model is not applicable at all. Besides, the authors gave recommendations to include additional factors in the gravitational model if it is applied for analysis and forecasting of foreign trade with border states or states that are not part of the EAEU.

Do Larger Economies Trade More? Evidence from India

International trade contributes significantly to a country’s economic growth at various stages of a nation’s development. Trade promotes competition and results in a more efficient allocation of resources and, hence, higher efficiency. Trade also encourages technological progress, technology transfer across countries, and development of new products, to name a few. This paper has two objectives- 1) To examine various trade theories on how trade impacts an economy’s growth, and 2) To analyse the trade data for India’s leading trading partner countries, and examine consistency of such data with predictions of the “Gravity model of trade”. Various trade theories are explained – the “Ricardian model of trade” (19th century) also known as the “Comparative Advantage Theory”, “Heckscher-Ohlin Model” (1920’s), also called the “Factor Proportions Theory”, “New Trade Theory” (NTT) by Paul Krugman (1979), “New-New Trade Theory” by Melitz (2003) and the “Gravity model of trade” by Tinbergen (1962). The predictions of the “Gravity model of trade” are tested for India using the 2021 data of the country’s leading export and import partners. The data shows the top three trading partner countries for India are the US, the UAE and China. These countries are large economies and hence consistent with the predictions of the Gravity model. Bangladesh is India’s 4th largest exporting partner – which is explained by the historically close cultural ties between India and Bangladesh facilitated by common language and borders. Overall, we can say that India’s trade data is consistent with the predictions of the Gravity model. India trades more with larger economies and those countries that are in close proximity in terms of cultural ties and distance.

EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS ON SRI LANKA'S EXPORT PERFORMANCE: GRAVITY MODEL

Export is an important indicator used to assess the economic state of a nation. Sri Lanka has started a few trade policy reforms aimed at supporting the export industry. Sri Lanka's contribution to global exports is still a very small percentage, nonetheless. It was important to determine how bilateral trade agreements affected export flows between Sri Lanka and its trading partners given the importance of exports in the economy. Thus, using the gravity model of trade, this research investigates the determinants influencing Sri Lanka's exports. The panel dataset used ranged from 2012 to 2021. The results suggest that Sri Lanka’s GDP and Sri Lanka’s trading partner’s GDP had a positive and statistically significant effect on Sri Lanka’s export performance. The geographical distance between the two countries and Sri Lanka’s GDP per capita had a negative and statistically significant effect on export performance in Sri Lanka. The study further showed that Sri Lanka's export performance significantly improved once trade agreements were formed. These findings have significance for the creation of trade policies to make sure Sri Lanka's export potential is utilized to boost economic growth.

A distributed peer‐to‐peer energy trading model in integrated electric–thermal system

AbstractTo promote the energy accommodation of both electrical and heating power while considering the source–load uncertainties, a peer‐to‐peer (P2P) energy trading model among prosumers in the integrated electric–thermal system is proposed here, considering the energy trading agent (ETA) with self‐build energy system. The solar heat‐pump hybrid thermal water system (SPTS) and the transferring loss of heating power is considered and modelled based on the principle of steady‐state thermal transfer. Since the variations of load and PV cannot be described by any single common distribution, the chance‐constraints programming based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is proposed to handle the uncertainty of the net load. As the proposed power trading problem is a non‐convex problem with binary variables, an improved alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) based on the predictor‐corrector and two‐stage cycle iterations is proposed to enhance the convergence performance of standard ADMM. Finally, an example simulation verifies the effectiveness; this results show that the proposed model can decrease the total cost by 26.7% and enhance local energy balance by 61.8% compared to other cases.

The Impact for the Countries Joined the Ancient Silk Road

The Silk Road may have had an impact on the countries through which it sailed, but theoretical analysis as well as facilitated cultural exchanges among diverse populations from various nations and ethnicities. The ancient Silk Road, as the first commercial passage connecting the East and the West, the establishment of an extensive transportation network had a profound impact on the culture and economy of multiple countries. Whether there is an effect, however, remains to be seen. This paper will conduct research through the literature research method, and correctly understand its influence on the country by investigating the literature about the Silk Road. The study unveiled that the ancient Silk Road exerted a substantial impact on the culture and economy of various nations. Language, religion, music, and other cultural elements were disseminated to countries participating in the ancient Silk Road through books or musical instruments. Serving as an exemplary model of ancient international trade, the ancient Silk Road greatly facilitated the exchange of goods and pioneered commercial connections between the East and West. It not only facilitated extensive exports of silk and porcelain for many countries but also introduced locally unavailable commodities.

Power flow traceable P2P electricity market segmentation and cost allocation

This study explores peer-to-peer (P2P) electricity trading, emphasizing not just the export and consumption, but also the feasible physical supply of electricity and the use of distribution network assets. Building on a transaction-oriented dynamic power flow tracing model, a novel P2P market architecture is proposed. This architecture integrates the electricity market with the power network, considering technical constraints, network losses, and asset usage. The network is segmented into potential markets using second-order cone programming (SOCP), with an optimization problem introduced for loss-allocation. This problem merges network physical analysis and variable outputs from distributed energy resources (DERs). A graph-based P2P electricity trading model is designed to determine optimal transaction cost allocation and maximize benefits for both DERs and consumers. A case study on a modified IEEE 33-node test feeder substantiates the benefits of this market structure, demonstrating increased revenues for DERs and reduced bills for consumers compared to traditional feed-in-tariffs.

Opportunities for Kazakhstan exports in the Southeast Asian region in the context of current geopolitical upheavals

This article discusses the main current processes of trade and economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and the region of Southeast Asia, in the current geopolitical conditions of the formation of the latest model of trade and economic interaction in the world. According to the available world trade forecasts, in the medium term, the large volumes of all world trade will move specifically to the region of Southeast Asia. This is due to several factors, including changing geopolitical conditions, changing delivery routes and increased interest from international investors. Kazakhstan, given the lack of access to the World Ocean, have to make significant efforts to build accessible logistics in the direction of the European Union – Southeast Asia, which will increase transit flows through Kazakhstan territory. In addition, it is necessary to carry out more active work to promote domestic enterprises to the market of Southeast Asian countries. Particular emphasis in the course of this research work was placed on the opportunities and potential for increasing Kazakhstani exports to Southeast Asian countries, using the Comparative Advantage Index. As a result,the main categories of goods that have a certain competitiveness in the market of the Southeast Asian countries are determined, considering imports to the region from third countries. In general, Kazakhstan can increase its trade with Southeast Asia through improving transportation infrastructure, improving the legislative framework, and increasing its presence at events in the region.This work will be of interest both to representatives of the diplomatic corps of Kazakhstan and representatives of the business community interested in selling their products to the markets of the countries of Southeast Asia.