Vietnam's Trade Research Articles

Impact of green logistics on Vietnam's regional trade

This study investigates the impact of green logistics on Vietnam's regional trade within the frameworks of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) from 2007 to 2020. Employing a newly formulated Green Logistics Performance Index (GLPI) derived through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the research assesses how sustainable logistics practices influence trade performance. An extended gravity model is utilized to analyze the impact of green logistics across different regional trade agreements. The findings suggest that improved green logistics correlate positively with enhanced trade outcomes, highlighting the dual benefits of sustainability efforts in the environmental and economic realms. The study contributes to the limited empirical research on the intersection of green logistics and trade in Vietnam, offering a methodological approach for future analyses in this field. It provides valuable insights for businesses and policymakers aiming to align economic growth with sustainability objectives.

Vietnam's Foreign Trade in the second half of the XIX century and Russian Foreign Trade Interests

The article is devoted to the problems of the development of Vietnam's foreign trade relations during the second half of the XIX century. The analysis of the main foreign trade partners of Vietnam, the range of export and import, supply channels, volumes of foreign trade turnover, prices is presented. Special attention is paid to the policy of the European powers on the development of Vietnam's foreign trade relations. The main approaches of the Vietnamese authorities and traders to the organization of foreign trade relations with neighboring and European countries are noted. The characteristics of the main centers of trade in Vietnam, the peculiarities of the organization of trade in export and import goods, as well as the transportation of goods by land, sea and river routes are given. The views and approaches of the Russian authorities and entrepreneurs to the development of foreign trade relations of the Russian Empire with Vietnam are revealed. In particular, information is provided on the entry of Russian ships into the ports of Vietnam, as well as on the supply channels of Vietnamese goods to the Russian market. The article is based mainly on pre-revolutionary sources in Russian, French, English, Spanish and Vietnamese.

Impacts of the US-China Trade Tension and RCEP on Vietnam-China Trade Balance

The paper aims to analyze the trade balance between Vietnam and China and assess the impact of its key determinants, with a focus on the US-China trade war, using the autoregressive distributed lag model for quarterly data from Q1 2009 to Q4 2022. The statistical analysis shows that although Vietnam's trade balance with China shows increasing deficits, the US-China trade war has a positive impact on Vietnam as its export-import ratio with China increases in both the long and short run. We also find that the impact of participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is positive but not statistically significant. We also find evidence that several factors have a positive and significant impact on the trade balance, including Vietnam's growth rate, Vietnam's industrial production index, and China's population. On the other hand, some factors, such as the exchange rate between Chinese yuan and Vietnamese dong and the population of Vietnam, are found to have a significant negative impact. These findings can provide evidence to help Vietnamese businesses and policymakers formulate trade policies with China, especially in the current complex geopolitical context.

Vietnam-ASEAN Trade Balance, Current Situation and Solutions

The trade deficit between Vietnam and ASEAN countries is always an issue of great concern to scholars studying trade in Vietnam. Is that deficit alarming for trade management policymakers in Vietnam? The article will focus on analyzing the current state of trade balance between Vietnam and ASEAN countries with data on export and import turnover, and the import-export structure between Vietnam and this group of countries. With multidimensional qualitative analysis, the author will imply several policies to improve import-export efficiency between Vietnam and ASEAN countries.

Anomaly in Supervision of MSME Partnerships in Indonesia: Comparison of Indonesia, Malaysia, and VietnamAnomaly in Supervision of MSME Partnerships in Indonesia: Comparison of Indonesia, Malaysia, and VietnamAnomaly in Supervision of MSME Partnerships in

Partnership for micro, small, and medium enterprises (“MSMEs”) is a strategy to improve the quality of MSMEs through sharing knowledge and technology, funding, etc. Therefore, Law No. 20/2008 jo. Government Regulation No.7/2021 regulates the implementation of MSME partnerships. One of them is related to the Supervision of MSME Partnerships carried out by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission “(KPPU”). This study aims to test whether the KPPU’s authority to oversee MSME partnerships is appropriate or not. By compiling a list of laws and regulations, journals, and other materials, this study employs a normative juridical methodology. The data obtained will be analyzed qualitatively by concluding inductively. As a result, the supervision of MSME partnerships by KPPU does not follow the basis and objectives of the establishment of KPPU. Compared to Malaysia, all MSME development activities are regulated and supervised by SME Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp. Malaysia) as an authority under the Ministry of Entrepreneur Development and Cooperatives (“MEDAC”). Meanwhile, in Vietnam, the Government established The Vietnam Trade Promotion Agency (VIETRADE) which is under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam with one of the tasks of its authority to develop MSMEs and encourage MSME cooperation with large companies. Seeing this comparison, it is appropriate that the authority to manage all MSME activities including partnerships is given to an institution whose main focus is handling the MSME sector in Indonesia, namely the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs.
 Keywords: supervision, MSME partnerships, comparison

Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): Evaluation of Trade Relations Between Member Countries Using the Social Network Analysis Method

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement was signed in 2020 as a giant free trade agreement signed by 15 countries, including China. In this context, the RCEP agreement is the world's largest free trade agreement in terms of GDP and trade volume. In this study, commercial relations between RCEP countries between 2012 (the year when negotiations of the RCEP agreement began) and 2021 were examined using social network analysis. In the analyses, export values of RCEP countries to each other were used and the data were obtained from Trade Map. In the study, social network analyzes for the years 2012, 2015, 2018 and 2021 were analyzed using the Ucinet program, while trade networks were visualized with the Gephi program. For social network analyses, basic ego network indicators, degree centrality values, hub and authority centrality values and eigenvector values were calculated. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the hub and authority country in trade between RCEP countries is China for all four years (2012, 2015, 2018 and 2021). On the other hand, it has been determined that China's most important trade partners are Japan and South Korea. Additionally, the development in Vietnam's trade level during this period is remarkable.

Summary of the Impact of Sino Vietnamese Trade on Vietnam's Economic Growth

International trade is an important driving force for a country's economic development. However, with the development of the COVID-19 and Sino US trade frictions, the development of international trade and economic globalization in recent years have faced many challenges. However, the author still need to recognize that economic globalization is still an objective trend in the development of the world economy. At present, ASEAN has become China's largest trading partner, and Vietnam, as a member of ASEAN, has climbed to the position of China's sixth largest trading country. At the same time, China is also Vietnam's largest trading partner, and China Vietnam trade has become an important driving force for Vietnam and even China's economic development. At the same time, the establishment of RCEP has injected new vitality into the development of China Vietnam trade. This article analyzes the promoting effect of China Vietnam trade on Vietnam's economic development by studying China's economic transformation, the impact of RCEP, and trade frictions between China and the United States. This article mainly consists of three parts. The first part introduces the current situation of Vietnam's trade, analyzes its main trade objects and trade categories. The second part introduces China's economic transformation, the impact of RCEP, and the promoting effect of trade frictions between China and the United States on Vietnam's economic growth. The third part is a summary and conclusion of the entire article.

Genetic Diversity of the Critically Endangered Big-Headed Turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) Based on Wild and Traded Samples: Implications for Conservation

Overexploitation has driven catastrophic declines in most turtle species in Asia. Many turtles are seized annually by law enforcement officers; unfortunately, seized turtles often lack associated information on their provenance. There is also taxonomic confusion regarding the clear delineation of turtle species and subspecies in Asia. This lack of provenance data and taxonomic uncertainty is problematic as it may preclude release, make appropriate release sites hard to select, or result in genetic pollution when animals are released. In this study, we amassed and analyzed the largest number of genetic samples of the critically endangered big-headed turtle (Platysternon megacephalum) to date. Our phylogenetic and network results based on nearly 500 sequences of a mitochondrial ND4 fragment corroborate the earlier hypothesis that only two of the three currently recognized subspecies have strong molecular support and that there is greater genetic structuring within one subspecies than has been previously reported. The vast majority of P. megacephalum confiscated from the trade in Vietnam belong to Subclade 3 of P. m. peguense, and this subclade is the most broadly distributed taxon of the big-headed turtle in Vietnam based on samples with known localities. Nonetheless, for the other two subclades, all their samples originate from the trade and could not be assigned to any geographic provenance because of the lack of wild-caught samples. In addition, our results reveal two trade centers of the species, Quang Ninh Province on the border between China and Vietnam and Kon Tum Province in the Central Highlands. However, smaller animal seizures occur across the range of the species in Vietnam. While the data presented here have facilitated the selection of appropriate release sites for confiscated P. megacephalum, the significant costs of genetic screening and the shortage of samples from wild animals with good localities hinder the rewilding efforts, especially for conservation practitioners working in countries where conservation activities are not well funded and research on poorly studied species is still limited. Nevertheless, we urge that wildlife translocations include robust pre-translocation genetic screening to ensure that all individual animals are reintroduced at appropriate sites.

Macroeconomic factors and trade balance: An analysis of Vietnam's relations with RCEP countries

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of macroeconomic factors on Vietnam's trade balance with the member countries of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) during the period from 2002 to 2021. Grounded in established trade theories and a comprehensive review of pertinent literature on inter-country trade balances, the investigation identifies the pivotal determinants influencing trade balances between Vietnam and RCEP nations. These determinants encompass key elements such as tariffs (TRF), foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP), geographic distance (DIS), exchange rate (EXC), and the trade openness of individual economies (OPEN). The research outcomes substantiate parallels with previous studies, indicating that reducing tariffs, enhancing trade openness, augmenting GDP, and attracting higher foreign direct investment within RCEP member nations yield constructive effects on Vietnam's long-term trade balance. Conversely, in the short term, impediments like exchange rate fluctuations (EXC), geographic distance (DIS), and GDP disparities emerge as challenges to refining Vietnam's trade balance with RCEP countries. Accordingly, this article proffers pragmatic policy recommendations aimed at advancing Vietnam's trade equilibrium with RCEP countries. Proposed measures include facilitating business comprehension of tax regulations within RCEP, elevating the investment milieu to entice capital from developed RCEP economies, and executing trade promotion initiatives to facilitate market access for businesses across RCEP jurisdictions.

A rapid assessment of the illegal otter trade in Vietnam

Vietnam is home to four species of otters, and while population numbers are unknown, they are thought to be rare and in decline. Studies on the illegal otter trade in Asia have shown Vietnam to be a key end use destination for illegally sourced live otters for the pet trade and otter fur for the fashion industry. This study focused on the otter trade in Vietnam through seizure data analysis and an online survey, revealing the persistent trade of otters in Vietnam in violation of national wildlife laws and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). We found a substantial quantity of otter fur products for sale though CITES permits for such products were lacking, indicating illegal origins. Similarly, all four species of otters are protected in Vietnam, yet they were openly available for sale online in violation of national wildlife laws. Clearly, the online trade of wildlife and wildlife products in Vietnam requires greater monitoring, regulation, and enforcement to prevent the advertising and trade of illicit wildlife. In-depth scrutiny of online sellers and product sourcing is particularly warranted. To support enforcement efforts, revision of policies and laws is needed to hold social media and other online advertising companies accountable for enabling the illegal trade of wildlife.

Analysis of Bilateral Trade Between Vietnam and China

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current status of trade between China and Vietnam. The study used data from the General Statistics Office report to uncover results of import and export activities of Vietnam and China, as well as the disparity between the two countries; aside from that, the study also pointed out the most significant products Vietnam exports to China as well as those Vietnam imports with great value from China. Furthermore, researchers have also found that Vietnam's trade deficit with China is growing, which is one of the major problems when our trade activities are highly dependent on China. Based on that analysis, the study offers several recommendations for enhancing trade between Vietnam and China; in the meantime, this also limits the current trade deficit between Vietnam and China.

The Impact of the Exchange Rate on the Trade Balance in Vietnam During the Period 2005-2021 and Some Policy Implications

The article studies the impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance in Vietnam during the period 2005-2021. The relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance has been mentioned in many theories and empirical studies in different countries and during different periods. To explain the impact of the exchange rate on the trade balance of Vietnam, the research team collected data on import and export turnover, real exchange rate, and net export value during the period 2005 - 2021. The team used EViews 8 software to analyze time series data and to build a linear regression model to consider the relationship between the real exchange rate and net exports during the research period. The model results show that when the real exchange rate increases by 1%, the net export value increases by 37570.76 million USD. This shows that the real exchange rate in Vietnam during the research period has a positive relationship with the balance of trade. The study also shows that when the value of export turnover increases by 1%, the net export value increases by USD 84738.12 million, and when the value of import turnover increases by 1%, the net export decreases by 83429.05 million USD. This shows that Vietnam's trade balance in the research period is affected by the real exchange rate and the value of import and export turnover. From the research results, the team suggests policies to promote exports, improve the trade balance, stabilize Vietnam's macro-economy, and support economic growth and development.

Factors Affecting the Activities of Improving the Quality of Teaching Political Theory Subjects – Research at Universities under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam

Factors Affecting the Activities of Improving the Quality of Teaching Political Theory Subjects – Research at Universities under the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam

MARKETIZATION - AN INEVITABLE PATH TO PROFESSIONALIZING TRANSLATION AS A TRADE-IN VIETNAM

Adopting statistical, comparative, and experimental methods, this article discusses the marketization of translation in Vietnam. Part 1 of the article briefly presents the current situation of translation training as well as the shortcomings in public perceptions and practices in Vietnam. Part 2 argues that marketization is an inevitable path to professionalism as regards translation. Based on the analysis of the inadequacies and limitations of the domestic translation market, Part 2 also maps out a package of measures for achieving this objective, which involves establishing feasible codes and standards, developing a professional training system, building a quality assurance and evaluation system, promoting cooperation in information exchange and digitalization in translation, setting up a reasonable competitive system, changing public perception of translation, etc. These suggestions serve as a proper theoretical background for the marketization and professionalization of the translation trade in Vietnam.

Research on the Relationship Between Attitude and Intention for the Development Sharing Economy Model of E-Tourism Enterprises in Vietnam

The study aims to explore the relationship between the attitude and the intention to develop the sharing economy model of enterprises in the field of online travel services in Vietnam. Based on using the method of interviewing experts and processing, analyzing, and evaluating the results of the investigation and survey of 263 enterprises (notified and registered with the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam under Decree 52/ND-CP) or foreign enterprises with representative offices/authorized agents in Vietnam), research shows perceived benefits of the sharing economy model, state support, willingness to of enterprises, market readiness is related to the development attitude and intention to develop the sharing economy model of enterprises. In addition, the authors used multi-group structural analysis among business types to assess the differences of business types towards the intention and attitude of developing the sharing economy model. such as the difference in the impact of variables in the research model between types of businesses in the field of online tourism services in Vietnam. From these results, the study implies several policies to develop the sharing economy model of enterprises in the field of online tourism services in Vietnam, as well as proposes further research directions as follows: develop a sharing economy model suitable to the scale and application of e-commerce and each type of business in the field of online tourism in Vietnam.

The effects of trade facilitation on Vietnam's trade relationship with ASEAN countries

The effects of trade facilitation on Vietnam's trade relationship with ASEAN countries

Understanding the Illegal Wildlife Trade in Vietnam: A Systematic Literature Review

As one of the earliest countries in the Southeast Asia region, Vietnam joined the CITES in 1994. However, they have faced several challenges and practical barriers to preventing and combating illegal wildlife trade (IWT) after 35 years. This first study systematically reviews 29 English journal articles between 1994 and 2020 to examine and assess the main trends and patterns of the IWT’s concerns in Vietnam. Findings show (1) slow progress of empirical studies, (2) unbalanced authorship between Vietnamese and non-Vietnamese conducting their projects, (3) weighting of wildlife demand consumptions in Vietnamese communities rather than investigating supply networks with high-profile traffickers, (4) lacking research in green and conservation criminology to assess the inside of the IWT, and (5) need to focus on potential harms of zoonotic transmission between a wild animal and human beings. The article also provides current limitations before proposing further research to fill these future gaps.

The Relationship between the Social Investment and Volume of Freight Carried by Water Transport in Vietnam

This article explored the relationship between social investment and volume of freight carried by water transport in Vietnam during the period 2002 Q4 to 2022 Q2. Using a VAR approach we capture their relationship. The findings suggest an overall, substantial investment has the potential to promote Volume of freight in Vietnam. We recommend more investments towards water transport infrastructure to ensure a significant increase in trade, and to enhance Vietnam's trade competitiveness.

EU aid for trade as contested trade policy intervention: The case of the EU-MUTRAP project in Vietnam

Abstract This paper explains the EU's Aid for Trade (AfT) and trade relations with Vietnam, and examines how EU AfT influences Vietnam's trade policy reform. It provides an analysis of EU AfT as a contested trade policy intervention by using the results of the EU-MUTRAP project in Vietnam. The finding is that EU AfT can interfere as an “external impacts” on Vietnam's trade policy reform. Based on the priorities of EU trade policies towards Vietnam, the EU uses AfT projects to support and change the Vietnamese trade environment. The paper partially proves the contribution of the EU-MUTRAP on the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement negotiations and implementation.

Impact of the Vietnam – Eurasian Economic Union Free Trade Agreement on the trade between Vietnam and Russia

The paper is to assess the impact of the Vietnam – Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) free trade agreement on trade between Vietnam and Russia after the agreement comes into effect. The study uses a structural gravity model based on sector-level panel data between Vietnam and EAEU countries from 2001 to 2019. The number of observations obtained is 5,386 observations forming a non-repeating pattern unbalanced, to assess the impact of this agreement. The study finds evidence of a positive impact of the agreement and tariff reduction on Vietnam's trade with Russia and EAEU countries. From there, the author suggests some solutions to promote trade between Vietnam and Russia.