Indonesian Trade Research Articles

PENGARUH PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN, PERSEPSI KEGUNAAN DAN PROMOSI PENJUALAN TERHADAP PEMBELIAN IMPULSIF

The evolution of E-commerce into Social commerce is a new phenomenon in the development of trade in Indonesia. TikTok is one of the social media applications that has participated in this evolution until impulse buying behavior appears among TikTokShop users. Several factors that influence impulse buying in social commerce, especially TikTokShop, are website and marketing factors. Based on this, this study was conducted to explain how the effect of kemudahan yang dirasakan, perceived usefulness, and sales promotion on impulse buying of fashion products by TikTokShop users in Surabaya. This research was conducted using quantitative methods with the type of explanatory research. This research was conducted in Surabaya with the criteria of respondents being TikTokShop users in Surabaya who had shopped at TikTokShop and had bought fashion products at TikTokShop impulsively. The sampling technique was carried out using non-probabilty sampling and purposive sampling with a research sample of 96 respondents, and data analysis using multiple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) version 25.0 program. The results of this study can be said that the perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and sales promotions have a significant positive effect partially and simultaneously on the impulse buying of fashion products by TikTokShop users in Surabaya.

Trade Impediments in Indonesia

This study investigates the effect of various types of trade impediments on Indonesia's trade flows. We categorize tariff measures, non-tariff measures (NTMs), and the lack of trade facilitation measures into at-the-border and behind-the-border barriers. A gravity model is applied to a panel dataset covering 177 of Indonesia's trade partners from 2007 to 2016. This study shows that Indonesia's trade protection remains high, particularly due to the increasing use of NTMs. Furthermore, the lack of trade facilitation also contributes to increasing trade costs, particularly those associated with trade logistics and administration. We also demonstrate why feasible generalized least square is preferable to ordinary least squares and pseudo-Poisson maximum likelihood when estimating a gravity model using panel data that are auto-correlated and contain a large number of zero observations.

The Chinese Ethnic Political Participation In Indonesian Political Development In Soe Hok Gie Film (Semiotics Study by Charles Sanders Pierce)

The post-reform era became public and government awareness of ethnic Chinese. This is evidenced by President Abdurrahman Wahid's decree to relax ethnic Chinese activities. Because in the Old Order, there was a government policy that was anti-Chinese sentiment. There is even a ban on foreigners to trade in Indonesia, as well as ethnic Chinese who become looting and mob rage, victims of sexual violence and so on. Through this Soe Hok Gie film, it depicts the participation of ethnic Chinese in solving the problem of government authoritarianism and saving Indonesia from the economic crisis. In this studyThis type of research uses library research, with a communication approach that uses media text analysis. The data collection technique in this study uses the semiotic analysis research method of Charles Sanders Peirce. The method uses Sign, Object and Interpretant to explain the content of a film.From the film Soe Hok Gie, this research has found themeaning of Sign, Object and Interpretant of ethnic Chinese political participation in the film Soe Hok Gie based on Charles Sander Peirce's semiotic theory. Finding an analysis of Sign, Object and Interpretant of ethnic Chinese political participation in political developments in Indonesia in the film Soe Hok Gie

Indonesian Trade Policy in Adjusting the 2020 WTO’s Trade Policy Review

This article analyzes the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) review of Indonesia in 2020, mainly in the agricultural sector, and how Indonesian compliance with the WTO Agreement is helpful for the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM). This study uses the normative method by gathering primary and secondary legal sources. The 2020 TPRB review perceives that Indonesia has applied untransparent safeguard measures related to its agricultural products, prohibited subsidies, and quantitative restrictions on other WTO member states. However, the Job Creation Law, launched in 2020, can be viewed as a proportional law as it puts imported products in an equivalent position with domestic agriculture or food products. The discussions reveal that Law No 11/2020 aims to balance its national interest with the WTO Agreement and the TPRB review of Indonesian trade policy, mainly in agriculture. With such legal certainty, this article recommends that Indonesia consider the TPRB review in good faith by invoking transparent safeguards, reducing its export subsidies on agricultural products, conducting a persistent report to the Committee on Agriculture, and protecting its public health and morals. The Indonesian government should also conduct text mining to determine its trade policies and deal with international trade uncertainty.

THE EFFECT OF INDONESIAN SPICE EXPORT TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON COMPETITIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

Since long time ago, Indonesia has had a comparative advantage because of its geographical advantage in spice commodities. In the era of liberalization, in order to be competitive in the same industry, Indonesian spice commodities must increase their export share by having a distinct advantage compared to competitors from other countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Indonesia's trade liberalization based on competitiveness with competing countries and the level of competition for Indonesian spice commodities in the international market. The analytical methods used are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Similarity Index (ESI), and Export Overlapping Index (IEO) which are discussed descriptively using secondary data from UNComtrade for 1989-2021. Trade liberalization is indicated by Indonesia's entry into the WTO, AFTA and ACFTA. The results of the analysis show that even though Indonesia has very strong competitiveness, the existence of trade liberalization is not enough to increase Indonesia's competitiveness because the international market is increasingly open. The level of competition for Indonesian spice exports with its competitor countries tends to decrease. The existence of trade liberalization makes each country increase its trade specialization in order to expand its market share. Indonesia needs to improve quality as well as standardize and increase differentiation for spice products in order to maintain and expand its market share so that it can be competitive in the international market.

Indonesia's Trade Policy Strategy through the Rail Industry for the Train Market in Africa

The Indonesian Railway Industry (INKA) has increased its export production, especially to other developing countries such as Bangladesh, the Philippines, and others. Since 2018, Indonesia has explored the railway industry market in Africa. However, several challenges such as market competition with China and Europe, the distance between Indonesia and Africa, as well as the purchasing power of the African region with the majority of developing and less developed countries are important notes for Indonesia's strategy. This research will discuss the opportunities, challenges, and strategies of INKA in exporting trains in the African region. The analysis of this research uses international trade politics through the Pure Exchange Model of Trade and Strategic Trade Policy. The Pure Exchange Model of Trade is used to explain INKA's position in international trade to understand INKA's opportunities and challenges in Africa. Meanwhile, Strategic Trade Policy is used to describe Indonesia's strategy in advancing the Indonesian Railway Industry in Africa. The results of the study show that Indonesia provides support through a series of policies such as subsidies and diplomacy to obtain projects in Africa. In the process, INKA experienced challenges such as intense competition. However, many opportunities are presented by INKA in terms of the quality factor and the government's persuasive ability.

Pengaruh Kurs Terhadap Pengangguran, Utang Luar Negeri, Neraca Perdagangan, Dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia

This study analyzes the effect of exchange rates on unemployment, foreign debt, trade balance, and economic growth using time series. Data sourced from the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics, the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia, and Bank Indonesia. The results showed that the exchange rate did not affect the unemployment rate before the 1997 economic crisis but after the economic crisis the exchange rate had a positive effect, while on foreign debt it showed that the rupiah exchange rate had a positive and significant effect. In addition, the rupiah exchange rate had a positive effect on Indonesian trade merchandise in 1980-2012 and the results of the F test found that simultaneously the exchange rate had a significant effect on economic growth.

Pemetaan dan Analisis Tren Angka Kecelakaan di Kota Surabaya

Traffic accidents are one of the biggest causes of death in Indonesia. Factors causing traffic accidents are traffic conditions which are the accumulated interactions of various characteristics of drivers, vehicles, road infrastructure and environmental characteristics. Surabaya has become a metropolis city with several rich business diversity in it. In addition, Surabaya has now become the center of business, trade, industry and education in Indonesia. These activities have an impact on increasing the volume of vehicles in the city of Surabaya. The method used in this research is descriptive observational (ecological study). March 2023. BPBD Surabaya City. In 2020 to 2022 the total number of traffic accidents in the city of Surabaya shows an increase. The results of mapping and analysis of secondary data obtained from BPBD Surabaya City show that there are several sub-districts that have a high rate of traffic accidents, namely Wonokromo Sub-district, Gubeng District, Genteng District, Tegalsari District. So that the sub-district requires greater traffic management efforts to overcome and reduce the incidence of traffic accidents. Surabaya is a city with a high enough accident risk. Based on data on the number of incidents and the number of victims in the city of Surabaya from 2020 to 2022, the trend for the number of accidents every year has increased even though the data distribution is not linear due to several factors. Several factors include human factors, vehicle factors, and road factors.

Analysis of Macro Economic Influence on Indonesian Trade

This study aims to analyze the influence of macroeconomic factors on Indonesia's international trade. The variables in this study are trade values, exchange rates, exports, imports, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Gross Domestic Income (GDP), and foreign investment (FDI). The method used in this study is the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM method is used in the analysis of long- and short-term relationships. The relationship studied is between the independent and dependent variables in the time series data. To find out the long-term relationship in research, researchers must analyze through the cointegration equation on the VECM test results. The data used in this study is time series data for 1991-2020 taken from World Development Indicators and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. Based on the results of the short-term analysis of the GFCF variable, imports and exports have no effect on the value of trade in Indonesia. While the FDI, GDP and import variables have a significant effect on the value of trade. In the long term, the variables of exchange rates, imports, GFCF, and FDI have a positive and significant effect on the value of trade in Indonesia.

Analisis Keterbukaan Ekonomi Dan Ekspor Di Indonesia: Studi Empiris Pada Dampak Covid-19 Dan Peperangan Rusia-Ukraina

Global economic uncertainty due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war has had an impact on the supply chain of goods and services. In the midst of global economic turmoil, Indonesia's trade performance has had a positive average trade balance in the last 5 years. This study examines the impact of economic conditions on trade openness and exports in Indonesia, and assesses the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine War. The research method used is ARDL to to examine the short-run and long-run effects of variables using monthly data from 2017 to 2022. The findings show that the Inflation variable has a positive impact on trade openness and exports in Indonesia, this contradiction with Romer's hypothesis and implies that the possibility of Indonesia's international trade is in line with the approach of the Ricardian model. The addition of Covid-19 cases has a negative impact on trade openness, while the pandemic period has a positive impact on exports. The variables of the Russia-Ukraine war have a negative but not significant impact. Policy recommendations are to maintain domestic productivity in order to maintain the needs of goods and services, as well as domestic and foreign supply chains

Resiprositas Indonesia dan Australia dalam Kerja Sama Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) Periode Tahun 2020-2021

Indonesia and Australia both ratified the comprehensive economic partnership, agreement Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA), to improve Indonesia's export performance to Australia. However, after the IA-CEPA cooperation started, Indonesia's trade balance became increasingly deficit. It raised the assumption that Indonesia's benefits in this cooperation differed from those obtained by Australia. Therefore, this study examines the interchange between the two countries under IA-CEPA cooperation in 2020-2021. The research method used is qualitative, with descriptive analysis and triangulation to test the validity of the data. The results of this study indicate that even though Indonesia's trade balance with Australia during the IA-CEPA cooperation period experienced a deficit, the two countries both received mutual benefits according to their individual needs, where Australia benefited through increasing its exports to Indonesia and Indonesia. Helped through various economic assistance programs provided by Australia.

The Impact of Global Economic Recession on Crypto Asset Trading and Transaction Security in Indonesia

When the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has an impact on reducing world economic growth, this condition gives benefits to the digital investment sector, one of which is the increase in crypto asset trading. The crypto asset trading sector is a digital commodity that is in great demand and is growing rapidly in society. This is because crypto asset trading does not require each investor to meet each other face to face and only requires an internet network in transactions. Throughout 2021, crypto asset trading and the number of investors who transacted almost all over the world continued to experience a significant increase, including in Indonesia. However, at the beginning of 2022, there was a conflict between Russia-Ukraine which affected the increase in commodity prices around the world. This condition then triggered inflation in several major countries, which in turn resulted in the threat of a global economic recession. This phenomenon then leads to a weakening global economy which can hinder the growth of crypto asset trading in the future. Not only that, crypto asset trading itself is also still haunted by concerns about the weak security system in investing in crypto assets which is vulnerable to the rise of various fraud cases. Therefore, regulation and facilities that are following the current needs of crypto asset trading are urgently needed to stimulate the growth of crypto assets. Actions taken by the government through the establishment of crypto asset trading regulations and supporting platforms are very important to provide business certainty and security in investing in crypto assets in Indonesia.

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES STOCK PRICES

Stocks are proof of ownership with their value determining the amount of control over a company. Shares are securities aimed at obtaining fresh funds from investors, for investor's stocks are investments that provide ownership rights. Share prices are determined by demand and supply made by investors. However, investors before making transactions on the stock exchange will conduct an analysis involving external and internal factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of external and internal factors on the stocks prices of state-owned enterprises which are majority owned by the state and of course get privileges and full support from the government. This study uses panel data which aims to analyze the influence of external and internal factors on the stock prices of 14 State-Owned Enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2020. Using the multiple regression analysis method with the fixed effect model as the selected model, the results show that factors Externally, namely Indonesia's trade balance and the exchange rate, it has a significant negative effect, while internal factors, consisting of the current ratio and debt to equity ratio, also have a significant negative effect on SOE stock prices

The Economic Impact for Indonesia from The War Between Russia and Ukraine

The war between Russia and Ukraine which occurred from the early of 2022 has given shock among global economic stability. The ongoing conflict also has the potential to disrupt Indonesia's economic and trade performance between the two countries. Hence, the purpose of this research is to analyze the economic impact for Indonesia from the war between Russia and Ukraine, especially in the field of export and import. The methodology in this studies employed by literature studies. The results shows that Indonesia's trade balance has affected for the period January to March 2022 with Russia and Ukraine which experienced a deficit because the Republic of Indonesia remains one of Ukraine's largest trade partners in the Southeast Asian region. Another findings also imply the impact on Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports and hamper wheat imports, and economic inflation were increase the price of a number of domestic foodstuffs and energy prices. Therefore, Indonesia should prioritize preserving economic stability in the real sector, ensuring the community's access to basic necessities, and fostering financial independence through promoting more local production to avoid interdependency and shocks from the global economy.

The Role of Jamkeswacht in Helping Cicadas Village Communities Who Experience Health Service Difficulties

Jamkeswatch is a national social health insurance supervisory institution established by the Confederation of Indonesian Trade Unions as a control function for the implementation of National Health Insurance and the Social Health Security Organizing Agency. This is done to ensure that the implementation of health insurance in this country can run as we expect. In addition to criticizing policies, Jamkeswatch also advocates for people who have difficulty having access to health insurance. In this research, we will discuss the role of Jamkeswatch in helping people who experience difficulties, especially in the Cicadas Village area, Bogor Regency.

The Gravity Model of Indonesian Tourism Trade and Investment

This study aimed to determine the performance of tourism investment and trade in Indonesia following the outbreak of COVID-19 and other economic and non-economic factors. Goods and services for Indonesian tourism from 8 sample countries over 26 years were examined using a tourism economy approach and a gravity panel model of the flow of investment and trade. Regarding research originality, the model developed is constructing tourism economic theory applying the Keynesian method. The results showed that economic factors, such as GDP per capita, interest rates, exchange rates, prices, and economic distance, and non-economic factors, such as population, travel alerts, and pandemics, significantly affect investment flows and the tourism trade. Furthermore, tourism competitiveness increased globally in 2019. However, potential economic leakage in FDI and trade were identified. As a result, the government must emphasize long-term and efficient investment and trade in the tourism sector, particularly in the context of systemic shocks such as a pandemic.JEL Classification: C58, D58, Z32, Z38How to Cite:Singagerda, F. S., Desfiandi, A., & Marantika, E.R. (2023). The Gravity Model of Indonesian Tourism Trade and Investment. Etikonomi, 22(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i1.25222.

Bagaimana Inflasi, Suku Bunga Dan Performa Keuangan Mempengaruhi Return Saham

According to the 2019 Indonesian trade statistics report, CPO, a product produced on plantations, was Indonesia's top export. In comparison to other sectors, the price movement of the plantation sector index exhibited increased volatility in the years between 2018 and 2020. The aim of this study is to investigate macroeconomic and microeconomic factors as they are revealed by changes in inflation, interest rates, and financial performance. Profitability ratios, activity ratios, leverage ratios, and liquidity ratios are the ratios that demonstrate financial performance and are evaluated using ROE, TATO, DER, and CR. To prevent errors in the traditional assumption test, multiple linear regression with the Weighted Least Square transformation is the analysis method employed. The findings revealed that ROE and TATO had a favorable impact, but inflation and interest rates had a negative impact.

Analysis of supply chain management system using lean six sigma: Balanced scoredcard parameters approach

The potential development of the beauty product industry in Indonesia is considered very attractive. The beauty products industry and trade in Indonesia is projected to increase by USD 7.5 billion with a growth of 6.5% annually for the next five years. The huge potential in the cosmetics retail business is considered to trigger the emergence of competition, especially in the supply chain system which has implications for product affordability to consumers. So that this becomes an interesting condition for research to be carried out as well as efforts to provide certain improvement treatments so that there is an improvement in the flow of the supply system in the object company. In this study, 3 layers of the research process will be carried out, namely observing and describing the existing supply chain system in the research object company, improving and treating the supply chain system using a lean six sigma model with stages of define, measure, analyze, improve, control (DMAIC), and make observations as well as measure the results of improvement using 4 (four) balanced scoredcard performance indicators. Data mining using observation methods, interviews, scoring key performance indicators in each perspective, and study of company operational administration data. Based on the results of study, the supply system based on 4 balanced scoredcard indicators still has shortcomings, namely in the value of debt-to-equity ratio, quantity and customer quality, internal business organization, and personnel accountability. The recommendation is that this study can have an improving effect on the object company and also be a reference for other companies specifically with the same segmentation.

THE IDEAL LEGAL REGULATION FOR DECENTRALIZED FINANCE AS THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA CRYPTO ASSET TRADING

Decentralized Finance (DeFI) has positively impacted the development of crypto asset trading and has been adopted by various countries except for Indonesia. This study aims to identify the urgency of regulating DeFi as the development of crypto asset trading in Indonesia and construct the ideal regulation. This research is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The research results stated the urgency of regulating DeFi as the development of crypto asset trading is: a) other countries have used DeFi because it can develop crypto asset trading for the better by creating value stability in crypto assets, having a function for lending and borrowing crypto assets, having transparency in transactions and lower crypto asset trading fees; b) DeFi technology adopted in the development of the Digital Rupiah project by BI and adopted by physical traders of crypto assets in Indonesia; c) as a form of legal protection from risks arising from technical or non-technical negligence or intention to protection from crime. Ideal legal regulation for decentralized finance as the development of Indonesia crypto asset trading is the formation of a regulation by CoFTRA in the form of technical guidelines and implementation mechanisms, in the form of a new written CoFTRA Regulation, in the form of a decree from the Head of CoFTRA whose focus is to regulate DeFi as development Crypto asset trading.

ANALISIS PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN PEMERINTAH KOTA MEDAN DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN SDG TUJUAN 11 DI TINGKAT LOKAL (STUDI KASUS MEDAN SMART CITY)

SDGs implementation by the local government is an interesting study driven by the fact that since the implementation of decentralization policy in Indonesia, the fate and quality of life of the people, in practice, have been mostly determined by the performance of the local government at the district/city level. Geographically, Medan City is the gateway to the western part of Indonesia and bordering the Strait of Malacca, making Medan an important city of trade, industry, and business in Indonesia. This city profile requires an integrated system that can facilitate government tasks and activities of the wider community, which can be supported by the development of Medan Smart City which is also in line with the National Strategy Policy for e-Government Development in 2003. This research uses qualitative methods based on data obtained through field studies and literature studies. The position of this article seeks to examine the role and capacity of the Medan City Government in implementing SDG-Goal 11 concerning the realization of inclusive and sustainable cities through the concept of smart city which has been widely applied in variouscountries and other big cities in Indonesia. This research shows that the means of implementation including funding, technology transfer, and human resources capacity building, which are the keys to the success of the program, have been becoming challenges for the Medan City Government in realizing smart city as a means to achieve sustainable city.