Trade Crisis Research Articles

The crisis of capitalism and international trade

Full understanding of the nature of the present crisis calls for an interpretation which is at once broad enough to cover both the centres and the periphery and deep enough to penetrate beyond the superficial manifestations of the problem to the very heart of its causes.

How can the crisis of liberalization trade be overcome?

Since the seventies the existing order of international economic relations has been exposed to ever stronger pressures. Access to foreign markets must once again be regarded as a scarce commodity, since the far-reaching removal of tariff barriers has been more than compensated for by non-tariff restrictions.

Production and labour in the Swedish manufactories during the 18th century Part II

Abstract During a long period of time a well-established opinion in the Swedish historical writing was that the prominence and support given to the Swedish manufactories during the 18th century was an economic failure. They were political “hot house plants”, which could bring about some production only because of substantial state subsidies. They gained their greatest importance during the period when the caps held power in the 1740s and 1750s. But after the trade crisis in the middle of the 1760s and the contemporary changes in the political power structure, the manufactories more or less faded away.

Production and labour in the Swedish manufactories during the 18th century

Abstract During a long period of time a well-established opinion in the Swedish historical writing was that the prominence and support given to the Swedish manufactories during the 18th century was an economic failure. They were political “hot house plants”, which could bring about some production only because of substantial state subsidies. They gained their greatest importance during the period when the caps held power in the 1740s and 1750s. But after the trade crisis in the middle of the 1760s and the contemporary changes in the political power structure, the manufactories more or less faded away.

Technology and the Trade Crisis: Salvation Through a New Policy?

Technology and the Trade Crisis: Salvation Through a New Policy?

Reply To Mr. Danière and Some Reflections on the Significance of the Debate

We have reason to be grateful to Mr. Danière for bringing the thesis of Professor Labrousse to our attention once again. For this is not just an ordinary thesis. Since its statement in the thirties, it has become a staple of French historiography, shaping and informing the work of a whole generation of scholars. Such terms as “crise d'ancien type,” “crise de sous-production agricole,” and “économie des blés et des textiles” have become stock phrases, and few French historians would think of discussing any trade crisis before the middle of the nineteenth century without laying special stress on the causative role of inadequate harvests. Indeed, the fame of this thesis has so flourished with time and Professor Labrousse had become so closely identified with the problem of agriculture and the cycle, that any kind of link between harvests and farm income on the one hand and business conditions on the other–even where the relationship observed is the opposite of what the Labroussian model would lead one to expect–has been enough to make scholars cite his name in evidence.

The Crisis in the Export Trade, 1586–15871

The Crisis in the Export Trade, 1586–15871

The Trade Crisis of the Early 1620's and English Economic Thought

The export crisis of the early 1620's, the causes of which formed the subject of an earlier paper, was without doubt one of the most widely discussed topics of the day. It figured largely in the Parliamentary debates of 1621 and 1624; it gave rise to much official inquiry and unofficial documentary discussion; and it produced a number of books which, though published as frank livres de circonstance, have come down to us as representative of the economic views of the period in general. A careful reconsideration of these works in the light of the immediate circumstances that prompted diem would help t o explain die peculiarity of some of the arguments put forward, and would be a valuable essay on die origins of Mercantilist concepts. The aim of the present paper is to select two particular topics which illustrate how close the connection was between die discussion of immediate issues and what passes for more abstract Mercantilist “theory.”

The Date of England's Treasure by Forraign Trade

Modern writers have usually dated die composition of Mun's work about the period 1630-1635. My article (pages 121-33 above) establishes diat much of die argument was the outcome of die trade crisis of 1620-1624, and die quotations and references there given prove that some of die most important sections of die work were first written, diough probably not as part of a book, during diat period. In addition, there are four pieces of internal evidence which help to date die complete work with some certainty.

The crisis in the Italian balance of trade

The article discusses the chief factors leading to Italy’s heavy trade deficit of 1951-52. In spite of the deterioration of the situation in 1952, the relevant authorities in Italy have not yet thought it advisable to follow other countries in the direction of export drives and import restrictions. Italy’s special economic conditions and her dependence on effective international cooperation make it advisable for her to direct her commercial policy along orthodox lines, continuing o support trade liberalisation and to resist the trend towards import restrictions. Only if other countries were to continue restricting imports, while increasing aids to exports, would Italy perhaps be obliged to abandon her present policies. The Italian trade crisis thus resolves itself into a problem of international co-operation, which alone can meet the fundamental needs of the Italian economy, suffering as it does from a structural disequilibrium between natural resources and population.

Bigwin and the Changing Commonwealth

began in Washington the day before it convened, resulting in an announcement on September 12 of a ten-point programme intended to cope with the sterling-dollar crisis in trade and finance, and followed by an announcement from London of the devaluation of sterling on the eve of the delegates' departure from Bigwin. The first meeting of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the North Atlantic Pact countries had by then begun. Such timing of the conference gave special point to its terms of reference, which were: To survey the positions of the Member Nations in the post-war world, including the relations between them, and to examine what changes may be required in their policies in the interest of world order and progress. It was not surprising that nine days of sessions proved none too long, even under the fortunate conditions of a big house-party so ideally isolated from outside distractions as was this conference at the

Crisis in World Trade

Crisis in World Trade

West Indian Trade Crisis

West Indian Trade Crisis