Tract Infections In Female Patients Research Articles

Assessment of the Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in Female Patients at a Tertiary Level Hospital

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease which affects both, men and women. It is a significant health concern due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to have a current understanding of the antibiotic susceptibility (AS) pattern of uropathogens to manage UTI effectively. Objective: This study aims to assess the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens causing uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics in collaboration with the Department of Microbiology at SBMC, the Outpatient Department of Medicine, and Gynae & Obstetrics at Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barishal, Bangladesh, from January 2017 to December 2017. Clean catch midstream urine samples were collected and processed using standard guidelines for microbiological procedures. Positive microbiological cultures were found in 200 of the 314 patients, Data on socio-demographic, clinical, and risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: In this study, the age of the subjects ranged from 15 to 75 years, majority of subjects (38.4%) belonged to age group of 45-60 years. The mean age was found 42.6±11.4 years. Out of 200 cases, E. coli was the most predominant gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that the pathogenic bacteria isolated from urine samples were MDR organisms. Aminoglycoside antibiotics such as Amikacin and gentamycin were the most effective drugs. Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are prevalent, affecting 64% of cases, with all isolates showing resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, it is recommended to provide health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infections.

Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of bacterial pathogens for uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients at a tertiary level hospital

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Antimicrobials are frequently used drugs for the treatment of UTIs. Periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antimicrobial agents is essential as the pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity may vary over period. The aim of this study was to identify the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolated uropathogens in female patients in urinary tract infection at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This observational cross-sectional type of study was conducted in the department of pharmacology and therapeutics in collaboration with department of microbiology SBMC, outpatient department of medicine, and gynaecology and obstetrics, SBMCH, Barishal, from January 2017 to December 2017. Results: In this study, age of the subjects ranging from 18 to 65 years, majority subjects (57.0%) belonged to age group of 31-44 years. The mean age was found 44.5±9.1 years. Out of 200 cases, 83% cases hailing from rural area and 17% from urban site. In this study microbial culture result of uncomplicated UTI revealed that 103 (51.5%) of urine samples had significant bacteriuria. E. coli was found to be the most prevalent 47 (45.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 18 (17.4%), Proteus spp. 11 (10.6%) and Enterobacter spp. 9 (8.7%). Conclusions: The pattern of resistance to commonly used antimicrobials for treating UTI alerts us against indiscriminate usage of antimicrobials.

Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a biomarker for urinary tract infection in female patients at Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman

Short urethras make urinary tract infections (UTIs) common in women. Therefore, bacteria can enter the bladder more easily. This research aimed to determine if the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can be used as a biomarker in UTI patients and compare C-reactive protein (CRP) and NLR to identify which is more effective in diagnosing UTI patients. This study examined urine culture, NLR, and CRP values in blood from 101 Thumbay University Hospital patients with UTI. Control group NLR and CRP values of 100 participants were also examined. NLR mean for UTI patients was 6.9881. The NLR mean for UTI-free participants was 3.0839. Comparison of NLR values between UTI patients and non-UTI patients showed significant results (P=<0.001). Thus, patients with UTI had significantly higher NLR results than those without UTI, indicating a strong correlation between UTI and higher NLR values. Our results showed that UTI patients had higher NLR and CRP values than healthy controls. In patients with UTI, clinical assessment of symptoms and complaints should be done first, followed by NLR and CRP as inflammatory markers.

Incidence of Bacterial Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Female Patients

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is considered as one of the highly prevalent infections worldwide. Regarding its prevalence, UTI is more common in women. The outcome of the research is expected to predict the severity of the urinary tract infection. The study of prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility helps to provide data on the occurrence of uropathogens in different age groups and helps to treat the infection with effective antibiotics to prevent further progression of infection. The study has been carried out to identify and investigate the prevalence of uropathogens and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility potential. Overall, 713 urine samples were collected, MacConkey agar, Blood agar, CLED agar and Luria-Bertani agar were used for isolation of uropathogens by calibrated loop streak method and incubated at 37°C. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out using the Kirby Disc diffusion method. A total of 665 showed positive bacteriuria. E. coli (37.3%) and K. pneumoniae (32.03%) were the most common uropathogens followed by E. fergusonii (17.9%), P. aeruginosa (8.4%), and A. baumannii (4.4%). The study found that above 70% of antibiotic susceptibility was observed in fluoroquinolones followed by imipenem, while all isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin. The organisms E. coli, E. fergusonii, and P. aeruginosa exhibited the least susceptibility (>50%) for third-generation cephalosporins. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii showed no susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, whereas other isolates were least susceptible. The study concludes that K. pneumoniae and E. coli were highly prevalent within the study group and that fluoroquinolone and imipenem can be effective for treatment.

Assessment of Urinary Tract Infections Among Female Patients Attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the inflammatory disorders of the urinary tract caused by the abnormal growth of pathogens. UTI is known to cause short-term morbidity in terms of fever, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain (LAP) and may result in permanent scarring of the kidney. The presence of bacteria in the urine, known as bacteriuria, may be indicative of infection or colonization of the urinary tract, but it may also be due to bacterial contamination occurring during collection of a specimen. Aim: The present study was done in order to identify the bacteria causing UTI from female patients. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted on female patients who were attending Ruhengeri Referral Hospital in a period of two months from October to November 2021. Urine samples were collected from patients who were requested to urinary test with respect to standard procedures. Samples were processed and analyzed at INES-Ruhengeri microbiology laboratory where gram stain and culture as well as biochemical test were performed in order to make microbial identification. From the results patients who were found with UTI, their structured questionnaire was taken into consideration in order to determine the associated risk factors. Results: The outcomes of the study indicated that E.coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter ssp and S. saprophyticus were isolated from patients urine sample where E. coli is more present in patients sample where it has been found at 60%(18) samples. The least isolated bacteria in patient’s samples are Enterrobacter spp and S. saprophyticus at frequency of 2(6.7) per each bacterium. The risk factor associated with urinary tract infection in female patients attended Ruhengeri-referral-hospital in a period of study, the results indicated that douching in secret parts twice a day is associated with UTI with P-value equivalent to 0.001. Conclusion: This study was intended to assess the UTI among female patients. The study findings indicated that E.coli, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter ssp and S. saprophyticus are more likely to be found in urinary tract of female. The study finding has indicated also that poor hygienic life style increases the risk of being infected by UTIs.

Distribution of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates among clinical specimens in the Zainoel Abidin General Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Inappropriate antibiotic use and diagnosis might contribute to the increasing occurrences of multidrug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in both the community and hospitals settings. This study aimed to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of MDR Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae based on clinical specimens, time interval, and patients’ gender at RSUDZA during a study period of February 2019-January 2021. Methods Isolation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was carried out using culture technique on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Identification of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using VITEK® 2 Compact. The results showed that during the study period, there were a total of 669 isolates of Escherichia coli obtained with a percentage of MDR E. coli of 30.90% (208 isolates); and 525 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae with a percentage of MDR K. pneumoniae of 25.15% (132 isolates). Both MDR E. coli and MDR K. pneumoniae isolates showed their resistance to more than three classes of antibiotics. Based on clinical specimens, both MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae were predominantly found in urine specimens, namely 122 isolates (58.65%) and 49 isolates (37.12%), respectively. Based on gender, MDR E. coli infection was commonly found in women, namely 114 isolates (54.80%), whereas MDR K. pneumoniae infection was commonly found in men, namely 72 isolates (54.13%). Overall, both MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae were predominantly found as pathogens especially causing urinary tract infections in female patients during the time period of study. This study may suggest to effectively implement the surveillance programs and infections control in order to manage these MDR bacterial infections particularly within healthcare settings.

Nitrofurantoin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients: the impact of dosing regimen, age, and renal function on drug exposure

PurposeThe aim of this study is to determine nitrofurantoin exposure in female patients with different age and renal function with complaints of an uncomplicated UTI. Also the nitrofurantoin exposure in relation to the dosage regimen will be studied.MethodsEight general practitioners (GP) participated in the study and included 38 patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI, treated either with a dose of 50 mg q6h or 100 mg q12h, upon the discretion of the GP. Nitrofurantoin exposure was quantified in the patient’s 24-h urine samples by UHPLC-UV and the area under the curve was calculated.ResultsThe 38 patients provided a range of 2–17 urine samples. The urine nitrofurantoin exposure was 1028 mg h/L for the patients receiving 50 mg q6h and 1036 mg h/L for those treated with 100 mg q12h (p = 0.97) and was not affected by age and eGFR (p = 0.64 and p = 0.34, respectively).ConclusionThe data obtained do not support the discouragement of nitrofurantoin use in the elderly and in patients with impaired renal function. Since only a small number of patients were included, a larger study with more patients is warranted to evaluate nitrofurantoin exposure and adverse effects.

New avenue of diagnostic stewardship: procedural stewardship for recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients.

Societal guidelines offer a weak recommendation to perform cystoscopy for female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTI) of advanced age and/or with high-risk features. These guidelines lack the support of robust data and are instead based on expert opinion. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to determine the utility of cystoscopy in patients with and without high-risk features for rUTI. We identified 476 women who underwent cystoscopy for the evaluation of rUTI at a single tertiary academic medical center from May 1, 2015 and March 15, 2021. Patients were excluded if they had a competing indication for cystoscopy. Risk factors, demographic information, cystoscopic findings, and patient outcomes were analyzed. 192 (41.1%) were classified as having complicated UTI. We identified six patients (1.3%) with findings that prompted management to significantly impact patient outcomes. All six patients had high-risk features. 14 patients (3.0%) were found to have mucosal abnormalities prompting biopsy, three of which required general anesthesia. All 14 biopsies were ultimately benign. Our findings demonstrate a low diagnostic yield and increased risk exposure for women undergoing cystoscopy for the evaluation of complicated rUTI. Additionally, our observations support prior studies indicating that cystoscopy has limited utility in the evaluation of rUTI without high-risk features.

Urinary tract Infection in Female Patients Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital and Determination of ESBL Producing MDR Isolates

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to assess the urinary tract infection (UTI) in female patients and determine the extended spectrum of beta-lactamase producers among MDR isolates. Methods: A three-month hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from Marchto April 2022 at the Microbiology laboratory of Alka hospital, Lalitpur. Following the standard protocol, urine samples were taken for culture and identification. Urine samples were cultured using a semi-quantitative approach and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 493 female urine samples examined, significant growth was found in 106 samples. The positive isolates belonged to 5 different species. Out of them E.coli (77.36%) was the major pathogens isolated followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.61%), Klebsiella oxytoca and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.88%) as Gram negative bacteria. And the most common Gram positive bacteria was found to be Staphylococcus aureus (12.26%). The most effective drug for Gram negative isolates was Amikacin (93.396%) followed by Nitrofurantoin (91.505%). The least effective drug against Gram negative bacteria was found to be Cefexime (64.16%) and Amoxicillin (58.49%). And for Gram positive isolates Ceftazidime (100%) and Amikacin (100%) were the choice of drug showing high susceptibility. The least effective drug used against Gram positive isolates tends to be Cloxacillin (15.38%). Out of 106 isolates 63 were found to be multidrug resistant among which 31 of them were ESBL producers confirmed by cephalosporin/clavulanate double disc synergy method. The urinary tract infection was most common in the age group 20-30 (20.75%) followed by age group 30-40 (16.98%). Conclusion: UTI was least common among age groups 0-10 and 80-90 years. Bacterial isolates causing UTI had variation in the antibiotic susceptibility pattern with resistance against commonly used antibiotics which is a serious concern.

P0165 - Would increase daily water intake/ I.V saline administration help in prevention of urinary tract infections in female patients with advanced Parkinson disease

P0165 - Would increase daily water intake/ I.V saline administration help in prevention of urinary tract infections in female patients with advanced Parkinson disease

Nitrofurantoin Kullanımına Bağlı Gelişen Akut Akciğer Toksisitesi: Bir Olgu Eşliğinde

Nitrofurantoin, a 5-nitrofuran derivative, is the first choice in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in female patients. Significant side effects have been reported in its use, including lung involvement independent of dose. Acute pulmonary reactions usually develop within 3-8 days after start using nitrofurantoin. However, it can also occur a few hours to 4 weeks after the first dose. In this case report, a patient with acute lung toxicity due to nitrofurantoin use will be presented.

A study to evaluate the efficacy of cranberry extract supplements in prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients

Background: Recurrence of urinary tract infections (UTI) are either due to re infection or relapse. Overall likelihood of developing UTI is approximately 30 times higher in women than men due to their anatomical peculiarities. The objective was to evaluate efficacy of cranberry extract supplementations in prevention of recurrent UTI in female patients, assess the quality of life of patients, medication adherence of patients and effect of patient counselling.Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out for a period of 6 months and samples were taken from the Urology Department of Cosmopolitan Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala. The selected patients were administered with cranberry extract supplements after their regular Antibiotic therapy and were observed for recurrence for a period of six months. Three follow ups were taken and the betterment was assessed using the score from prepared proforma.Results: 84 patients were analysed and among them we observed and concluded that 86.9% of patients were free of recurrent infection. Study shows that E. coli was the commonest infectious organism causing UTI. In this study the most commonly observed symptom of UTI was lower abdominal pain and the most common co morbidity was DM.Conclusions: Through this study it was concluded that the cranberry extract supplements significantly reduced the recurrence of UTI in women. Since the antibiotic prophylaxis is having the risk of developing resistance and side effects, the cranberry extract supplements can be suggested as a best alternative to antibiotics in recurrent UTI prophylaxis.

English

English

Reducing the Risk of Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in Female Patients by Implementing an Alternative Female External Urinary Collection Device: A Quality Improvement Project.

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) risk for female patients by implementing a female external urinary collection (FEUC) device with suction as an alternative to indwelling catheter (IDC). Participants were female patients admitted to our 386-bed community hospital in Southern California and who required urinary management. We implemented a comprehensive CAUTI prevention program in 2014 that was in place for 1.5 years before this project was started. The CAUTI prevention program was based on the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention's CAUTI prevention recommendations. To supplement our CAUTI prevention efforts in our female patients, we implemented the FEUC device in our intensive care, telemetry, medical-surgical, orthopedic, and acute rehabilitations inpatient care units. Indwelling catheter use and CAUTI cases were identified by our Infection Prevention department. Prior to introduction of the FEUC device, in 2015, the baseline female IDC utilization rate was 31.7% (7181 IDC device-days/22,656 patient-days) and the female CAUTI rate was 1.11 (8 cases/7181 IDC device-days) per 1000 days. Following introduction of the device, both rates declined. In 2016, the IDC utilization rate was 29.7% (P = .000) and the CAUTI rate was 0% (P =.005). We continued to observe a reduction in 2017 IDC utilization rates of 26% (P = .000); the 2017 CAUTI rate of 0.90 was not significantly different to our prior year rate (P = .726). We found that the introduction of the FEUC device reduced the risk for CAUTI. We will continue to prioritize the use of external devices for urinary management to help reduce the risk of our patients developing CAUTI.

Relation between serum zinc levels and recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients: A case-control study

Relation between serum zinc levels and recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients: A case-control study

Relation between serum zinc levels and recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients: A case-control study.

Background: Zinc deficiency can increase the risk of infectious diseases. Given that recurrent urinary tract infection is a common complication, this study examines the association between serum zinc levels and recurrent urinary tract infections. Methods: In this case-control study, serum zinc levels for 48 patients with recurrent urinary tract infections were compared with the serum zinc levels of the same number of people in the control group who were matched in terms of location and age. Using SPSS ver. 18, univariate analysis was performed through t-test, correlation coefficient; and multivariate analysis was carried out through multiple regression tests. Significant level was considered as less than 0.05. Results: There was a weak correlation between age and serum zinc level (r=-0.205, p=0.045). Mean serum zinc level of the test group and the control group were 96.83 (±11.25) and 76.72 (±17.06) microgram/deciliter (p=0.001), respectively. Level of zinc reduced with aging; in addition, the group with recurrent UTIs had lower zinc levels than the control group (p=0.010, R2=0.377). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, serum zinc levels of people with recurrent urinary tract infections were lower than that in the control group. It seems that zinc levels are a risk factor for recurrent urinary tract infections.

Emergency nephrological interventions – most frequent reasons for inpatient treatment

Introduction. Kidney diseases represent a significant medical and social issue. Modern medicine has made immense progress in the process of diagnostics and treatment of the said diseases. However, the effective prophylactics and possibly the promptest medical assistance in cases demanding emergency nephrological intervention remain the key questions here. Aim. The purpose of this paper was to assess the reasons for emergency admissions of patients with kidney diseases to hospital and determine the scale of emergency interventions at the nephrological department. Material and methods. The research was carried out based on the analysis of a retrospective group of 3334 patients of Independent Public University Hospital No 1 in Zabrze, who checked in the nephrology emergency room throughout the years 2005-2010. The research included adults with nephrological ailments, both dialyzed and non-invasively treated. The admission indications were presented in 14 categories. Results. Approximately 50% of patients admitted to the Nephrological Department were of both sexes, in the 18-93 age group (average age – 56). The most frquent reason for emergency interventions was the condition qualifying for renal replacement therapy (18.3%). Patients with systemic ailments accompanying renal diseases constituted 14.2%, 12.8% patients had hemodialysis catheter dysfunction, 11.8% – patients with dialysis related acute peritonitis; 11.1% – were hemodialyzed patients with pathological symptoms of other systems; 14.7% – were hemodialized patients with similar ailments. Patients admitted with acute renal failure accounted for 4.3%, while 2.8% of all the patients admitted to the emergency room had urinary tract infections. Other rare cases in the patients admitted represent ca. 10%. Conclusions. The number of emergency nephrological interventions was ca. 50% compared to the total number of patients and no declining tendency has been observed. The number of male patients hospitalized for lifesaving reasons exceeded the number of female patients. The most frequent causes for hospitalization were sepsis symptoms in male patients and urinary tract infections in female patients. The highest rate of causes demanding emergency nephrological assistance includes qualifications for renal replacement therapy.

Transposition of distal urethra in operative treatment of recurrent urinary tract infection in female patients

Aims Objectives: recurrent urinary tract infection deals with anatomical variations of meatus position in more than 10% of patients. lt can lead to retrograde permeation of bacteria during sexual intercourse. Transposition of distal urethra can significantly improve the symptoms of urinary tract infection in such group of patients.

96: Long-Term, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of Prophylactic Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients Using an Escherichia Coli Extract (OM-89)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Saturday, May 8, 2004, 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 200496: Long-Term, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of Prophylactic Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients Using an Escherichia Coli Extract (OM-89) Claude Schulman, Marc Vanden Bossche, S. Alloussi, G. Egger, G. Cozma, and H.W. Bauer Claude SchulmanClaude Schulman More articles by this author , Marc Vanden BosscheMarc Vanden Bossche More articles by this author , S. AlloussiS. Alloussi More articles by this author , G. EggerG. Egger More articles by this author , G. CozmaG. Cozma More articles by this author , and H.W. BauerH.W. Bauer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)37358-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "96: Long-Term, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study of Prophylactic Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Female Patients Using an Escherichia Coli Extract (OM-89)." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 25 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 25 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Claude Schulman More articles by this author Marc Vanden Bossche More articles by this author S. Alloussi More articles by this author G. Egger More articles by this author G. Cozma More articles by this author H.W. Bauer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...

809 Long-term, multicenter, double-blind study of prophylactic treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients using an escherichia coli extract (OM-89)

809 Long-term, multicenter, double-blind study of prophylactic treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections in female patients using an escherichia coli extract (OM-89)