Tracking Survey Research Articles

Can major public health emergencies increase the participation of commercial insurance? Evidence from China

BackgroundPublic health emergencies have a lasting impact on a country's economic and social development. However, commercial insurance can disperse these negative consequences and reduce risk losses.MethodBased on the Chinese Household Tracking Survey and Peking University Digital Inclusive Finance Index, this study employed a difference-in-differences model to test the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on commercial insurance participation and the impact mechanism.ResultsThe analysis showed that the outbreak of COVID-19 improved residents' risk perception, risk preference and digital finance and promoted their participation in commercial insurance, commercial endowment insurance, and commercial medical insurance.ConclusionMajor public health emergencies can increase commercial insurance participation, but the promotional effect of commercial insurance on rural and low-income individuals is relatively limited. To tap into potential customers, financial institutions should focus on vulnerable societal groups. This study supplements the relevant literature on the impact of major public health emergencies on commercial insurance participation.

Study on the Impact of Children's Economic Support on Social Participation of Urban and Rural Elderly People

With the acceleration of China's aging population and the significant problem of fewer children, this study aims to explore the phenomenon of neglecting the social participation status of the elderly. To this end, the 2018 China Health and Elderly Care Tracking Survey was adopted. Using CHARLS data and STATA data analysis method to study the impact of children's economic support on the social participation of elderly people. The research results indicate that children's economic support has a significant positive impact on the social participation of the elderly, and this result is tested for endogeneity and robustness. The heterogeneity test between urban and rural areas shows that the positive impact of children's economic support on social participation of rural elderly is higher than that of urban elderly; Gender heterogeneity test shows that children's economic support has a positive impact on female social participation. Research has found that female participation has a higher positive impact than male participation. In addition, for elderly people who do not take care of their grandchildren, the economic support of their children has a significant negative impact on their social participation, while the positive impact on elderly people who take care of their grandchildren is not significant. The research in this article helps to clarify the actual impact of children's economic support on the social participation of the elderly, and improve the implementation effect of active aging policies.

Research on the Influence of Teacher-Student Education Expectation Consistency on Students’ Physical Exercise: Based on Polynomial Regression and Response Surface Analysis

Students' physical exercise has important practical significance in enhancing students' physical health and promoting the health construction. Based on the expectation effect theory, this study explores the influence of teacher-student expectation consistency on students' physical exercise from a binary perspective. Using China Education Tracking Survey (CEPS) data, through polynomial regression and response surface analysis, it is found that: (1) There are four combinations of teacher-student educational expectation. Compared with the combination of "high-low", "low-high" and "low-low", when teacher-student educational expectation is consistent with "high-high", students' cognitive ability and students' physical exercise are higher; (2) Cognitive ability mediates the relationship between teacher-student educational expectation consistency and students' physical exercise; (3) The class atmosphere moderates the consistency of teacher-student education expectation and cognitive ability. This study employs computer technology to validate the impact of the teacher-student duality interaction on students' physical exercise through polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Through the design and development of intelligent auxiliary education system, teachers can gain better insight into students' educational expectations while promoting their engagement in physical exercise.

How internet healthcare information overflow affects farmers' healthcare consumption: insights from China.

In the context of the deep coupling and synergistic development of digital villages and healthy villages, the development of China's rural society harbors a huge potential for medical and healthcare consumption. On the basis of theoretical research, a framework was constructed to analyze the influence mechanism of farmers' medical and healthcare consumption in the context of Internet medical information overflow, and empirically examines the research and analysis framework by using the 2020 China Household Tracking Survey data with the OLS model, mediation effect model, and instrumental variable method. It is found that Internet medical information spillover has a "crowding-in effect" on farmers' healthcare consumption; Medical attendance behavior, economic capital utilize the intermediary effect between Internet medical information spillover and farmers' healthcare consumption. And there is age group heterogeneity in the effect of Internet medical information spillover on farmers' healthcare consumption, The ability of rural middle-aged and old-aged groups to recognize new things such as Internet medical information needs to be improved, so the overflow of Internet medical information will induce rural middle-aged and old-aged groups to generate a certain amount of medical and health care consumption. However, the impact on healthcare consumption is not sensitive to the youth cohort group. The sinking of Internet medical resources should be accelerated in the future to promote the high-quality development of rural medical and health services, at the same time the "Internet + healthcare services" should be optimized to promote scientific and rational stratification of farmers' access to healthcare, and economic capital for farmers' access to health care should be improved in order to alleviate the burden of health care, etc.

Influence of moderate-to-high intensity physical activity on depression levels: a study based on a health survey of Chinese university students

ObjectiveThe study aims to examine how moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affects the severity of depression symptoms among Chinese college students. Additionally, it seeks to analyze the mediating mechanisms involving self-rated health and general self-efficacy.MethodsThe study utilized data from the 2023 Chinese College Health Tracking Survey and employed multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling techniques to investigate the impacts of MVPA on depression levels and its underlying mediating mechanisms among college students. The primary cohort comprised 49,717 enrolled college students from 106 universities in China.ResultsA total of 41,620 valid questionnaires were collected (response rate: 83.7%), with females accounting for 58.6%. In the past month, approximately 30.2% of college students engaged in MVPA. Self-rated health (B = − 0.282, P < 0.001) and general self-efficacy (B = − 0.133, P < 0.001) significantly influenced college students’ depression scores. Even after controlling for other variables, participating in MVPA remained significantly associated with reduced depression scores (B = − 0.062, P = 0.002). The results of the structural equation model showed that MVPA not only directly decreased college students’ depression scores but also indirectly reduced the likelihood of depression occurrence by improving their physical health status and general self-efficacy.ConclusionThe lack of physical activity among Chinese college students is evident. Engaging in MVPA can reduce the likelihood of depression among college students. MVPA achieves this reduction by enhancing college students’ general self-efficacy and improving their physical health. The factors influencing depression levels among college students are multifaceted. For future interventions targeting college students’ mental health, comprehensive approaches that incorporate behavioral and psychological factors should be emphasized.

Impacts of a Poverty Simulation Experience on Student Empathy Levels Toward People Living in Poverty

Many people hold negative opinions about individuals living in poverty without direct experience with poverty. Educating college students on the realities of life in poverty is critical to prepare them to serve in human-service careers. One way to educate about poverty is through an experiential education tool called a “simulation.” Poverty simulations are powerful tools that give participants embodied role-play experiences to promote social empathy and combat negative or singular perceptions of poverty. We explore the impact of the Missouri Community Action Network poverty simulation (CAPS) on student empathy for people experiencing poverty. We used the Undergraduate Perspectives of Poverty Tracking Survey (UPPTS) implemented as a retrospective pretest. While the impacts of CAPS have been studied, our unique contribution is the focus on empathy and use of the UPPTS. We found that student empathy for people living in poverty increased after the simulation with the greatest change occurring around four UTTPS factors: welfare attitudes, do more, lack of resources, and equal opportunity. Gender and financial status were the two demographics that had statistically significant difference of impact between categories with women and those who were “very financially secure” experiencing a greater change in empathy between pre and post scores.

Phosphorus stoichiometric homeostasis of submerged macrophytes and associations with interspecific interactions and community stability in Erhai Lake, China

According to stoichiometric homeostasis theory, eutrophication is expected to increase the dominance of submerged macrophytes with low homeostatic regulation coefficients (H) relative to those with high H values, ultimately reducing macrophyte community stability. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited. In this study, we conducted a three-year tracking survey (seven sampling events) at 81 locations across three regions of Erhai Lake. We assessed the H values of submerged macrophyte species, revealing significant H values for phosphorus (P) and strong associations of HP values (range: 1.58–2.94) with species and community stability. Moreover, in plots simultaneously containing the dominant high-HP species, Potamogeton maackianus, and its low-HP counterpart, Ceratophyllum demersum, we explored the relationships among eutrophication, interspecific interaction shifts, and community dynamics. As the environmental P concentration increased, the dominance of P. maackianus decreased, while that of C. demersum increased. This shift coincided with reductions in community HP and stability. Our study underpins the effectiveness of H values for forecasting interspecific interactions among submerged macrophytes, thereby clarifying how eutrophication contributes to the decline in stability of the submerged macrophyte community.

Engaging Community Health Workers to Enhance Modern Contraceptive Uptake Among Young First-Time Parents in Five Cities of Uttar Pradesh.

Young newly married women and first-time parents (FTPs), particularly those living in slum settlements, have a high unmet need for modern contraceptive methods to limit and space births. We describe an intervention in which adolescents and youth sexual and reproductive health (AYSRH) services tailored to FTPs were incorporated into the government's existing family planning (FP) program in 5 cities of Uttar Pradesh. We examined the effect of this intervention on modern contraceptive use among FTPs aged 15-24 years. To assess the effect of this pilot, in 2019, 1 year after the implementation of the program, we analyzed community-based output tracking survey data on 549 married women who are FTPs in the pilot cities. These FTPs were compared with 253 women who were FTPs from other cities where the program was implemented without a specific focus on FTPs. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to understand the association between exposure to FP information, either through accredited social health activists or through service delivery points, and use of modern contraceptives. Use of modern contraceptives was higher among FTPs in the 5 pilot cities than non-pilot cities (39% vs. 32%; P<.05). The interaction effect of city type and exposure to the information showed a positive association between modern contraceptive use and program exposure, greater in pilot cities than non-pilot cities. Higher uptake of modern contraceptives among young women may be achieved when an FTP-focused intervention is layered on the government's existing FP programs. Future studies with a longer duration of implementation, in a wider geography, and with longitudinal design are recommended to provide more robust measures of high impact intervention/practices in urban areas.

Study on the Mechanism of the Impact of Non cognitive Abilities on Academic Achievement: The Chain Mediating Role of Teacher Support and Parent Participation

Based on the China Education Tracking Survey (CEPS) data, a structural equation model was used to study the mechanism of non cognitive abilities on academic achievement of middle school students. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant correlation between non cognitive ability, parental involvement, teacher support, and academic achievement variables; (2) Non cognitive abilities have a significant positive impact on student academic achievement, with pleasant traits in non cognitive abilities having a greater direct impact on academic achievement compared to learning perseverance traits; (3) Parental involvement plays an independent mediating role in the impact of non cognitive abilities on the academic achievement of junior high school students; (4) Teacher support and parental involvement play a chain mediating role in the impact of non cognitive abilities on the academic achievement of middle school students. The results of this study indicate that non cognitive abilities not only have a significant positive impact on the academic achievement of middle school students, but can also have an indirect impact on their academic achievement through two pathways: the mediating effect of parental involvement and the chain mediating effect of teacher support and parental involvement.

RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE MECHANISM OF INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES’ SILENT BEHAVIOR

According to the social theory of exchange, we look into how inclusive leadership affects employees' quiet behavior. We also look into how psychological safety, power distance orientation, and active personality play a part in these relationships. The structural equation model analysis of 343 data obtained from three tracking surveys found that: inclusive leaders have a significant negative effect on employee silent behavior; inclusive leadership has a significant positive impact on employees' psychological security; there is a significant negative relationship between psychological security and employees' silent behavior; and psychological security plays an intermediary role between inclusive leadership and employees' silent behavior. The power distance orientation of employees has a negative regulatory effect on the relationship between inclusive leaders and their psychological safety. In other words, employees with a high power-distance orientation experience a weakened positive impact from inclusive leadership on their psychological safety. For employees with a low power-distance orientation, inclusive leadership has a more significant positive impact on employees' psychological safety. The proactive personality of an employee can strengthen the connection between psychological safety and silent behavior. This means that employees with high initiative will experience a greater negative impact from psychological security on silent behavior, while those with low initiative will experience a less significant negative impact.

Monitoring wildlife abundance through track surveys: A capture-mark-recapture inspired approach to assess track detection by certified trackers in the Kalahari, Botswana

The surveying of animal tracks is a cost-effective wildlife monitoring technique in conservation, provided the substrate is suitable for tracks to imprint and observers are skilled enough to detect and identify them. However, as with every method quantifying population abundance, it can be biased if track detectability is not accounted for. Track detectability has two components: probability p1ˆ for an animal movement path to intersect with the sampling unit at least once and probability p2ˆ of track detection. Here, we measured p2ˆ, often overlooked, and tested to what extent it is affected by observers and sampling conditions, by applying a capture-mark-recapture approach to a driven track survey of 12 wildlife species in the Kalahari, Botswana. We also characterized and quantified disagreements between pairs of observers on the identification and ageing of tracks. Except for fresh (≤24 old) tracks being slightly more detectable (p2ˆ= 0.77 vs 0.61) and reliably identified (probability of agreement in species identification = 0.92 vs 0.87) than older tracks, we demonstrated that p2ˆ is high and most importantly largely constant across sampling conditions and highly skilled observer pairs. Species identification mismatches between observer pairs were rare (8% for fresh tracks) and limited to specific couples of close species, materializing into confusion rather than directional bias. Where p1ˆ can be accounted for in the derivation of population abundance from track counts (e.g. Formozov–Malyshev–Pereleshin formula), our results relative to p2ˆ validate the use of track surveys for wildlife monitoring in the Kalahari. Our conclusion is potentially applicable to a large range of environments across the globe, especially where observer skills are present among local communities, and conservation can benefit both wildlife and people, fostering their coexistence.

A Systematic Review of Population Monitoring Studies of Sea Turtles and Its Application to Conservation

Sea turtles are keystone species in marine environments due to their essential role as seagrass grazers and population regulation of jellyfish and sponges in coral reefs. However, due to their predominant presence in coastal areas, sea turtle populations face significant threats due to the impact of human activities. In this systematic review, 655 peer-reviewed publications were analyzed to assess the extent of population monitoring for all seven sea turtle species. The analyses revealed that, although population monitoring studies have increased for sea turtles in the past four decades, these have been biased towards certain species and oceanic regions. Furthermore, sea turtle population monitoring has been undertaken primarily using field-based methods, with satellite tracking and nest surveys being the most commonly used methods; however, the implementation of genetic methods for population monitoring has increased since the 2000s. Direct conservation recommendations from this study include the urgent need to establish population monitoring studies in the Critically Endangered Kemp’s ridley and hawksbill and the Data Deficient flatback. Furthermore, population monitoring programs should be implemented in Southeast Asia and Northern and Central Africa, where knowledge on sea turtle populations is still limited. Finally, due to the long-distance movements of sea turtles, we also advocate for international cooperation and collaboration of local communities to protect these ecologically important and iconic marine species.

Impact of Traditional and New Media on Smoking Intentions and Behaviors: Secondary Analysis of Tasmania's Tobacco Control Mass Media Campaign Program, 2019-2021.

Tasmania, the smallest state by population in Australia, has a comprehensive tobacco control mass media campaign program that includes traditional (eg, television) and "new" channels (eg, social media), run by Quit Tasmania. The campaign targets adult smokers, in particular men aged 18-44 years, and people from low socioeconomic areas. This study assesses the impact of the 2019-2021 campaign program on smokers' awareness of the campaign program, use of Quitline, and smoking-related intentions and behaviors. We used a tracking survey (conducted 8 times per year, immediately following a burst of campaign activity) to assess campaign recall and recognition, intentions to quit, and behavioral actions taken in response to the campaigns. The sample size was approximately 125 participants at each survey wave, giving a total sample size of 2000 participants over the 2 years. We merged these data with metrics including television target audience rating points, digital and Facebook (Meta) analytics, and Quitline activity data, and conducted regression and time-series modeling. Over the evaluation period, unprompted recall of any Quit Tasmania campaign was 18%, while prompted recognition of the most recent campaign was 50%. Over half (52%) of those who recognized a Quit Tasmania campaign reported that they had performed or considered a quitting-related behavioral action in response to the campaign. In the regression analyses, we found having different creatives within a single campaign burst was associated with higher campaign recall and recognition and an increase in the strength of behavioral actions taken. Higher target audience rating points were associated with higher campaign recall (but not recognition) and an increase in quit intentions, but not an increase in behavioral actions taken. Higher Facebook advertisement reach was associated with lower recall among survey participants, but recognition was higher when digital channels were used. The time-series analyses showed no systematic trends in Quitline activity over the evaluation period, but Quitline activity was higher when Facebook reach and advertisement spending were higher. Our evaluation suggests that a variety of creatives should be used simultaneously and supports the continued use of traditional broadcast channels, including television. However, the impact of television on awareness and behavior may be weakening. Future campaign evaluations should closely monitor the effectiveness of television as a result. We are also one of the first studies to explicitly examine the impact of digital and social media, finding some evidence that they influence quitting-related outcomes. While this evidence is promising for campaign implementation, future evaluations should consider adopting rigorous methods to further investigate this relationship.

Research On the Correlation Between Family Capital and The Highest Educational Level of Children——Analysis Based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) Data

Based on Chinese household tracking survey data, through multiple regression models, this paper studies the connection between family capital and children's highest education level. There is relatively comprehensive research on this topic both domestically and internationally. However, China has proposed a "double reduction" policy. The relevant research under this policy is not perfect. Based on this current situation, the authors conduct this study. There are seven findings in the study. Firstly, family background has a significant positive impact on children's educational qualifications. Secondly, the number of books collected is directly proportional to the length of education a child has received. Thirdly, how many years a child can attend school is influenced significantly and positively by how much money each person in a family earns on average. Fourthly, the length of a child's schooling is significantly impacted negatively by the number of the household population. Fifthly, the father's education years have a considerable favorable impact on the children's schooling. Sixthly, the number of years a mother can attend school also has a considerable favorable impact on the children’s schooling. Seventhly, registration of urban households has a substantial advantageous effect on children's learning years.

Examining The Impacts of Family, Personal, And School Factors on Undergraduate Graduates' Decisions to Continue Their Education or Job Hunting

With the continuous transformation and development of society, the future choice of undergraduate graduates has become a heated issue in society. Since 2017, the number of applicants for the national postgraduate entrance examination has arised. At the same time, the CIER (Employment boom in the Chinese market) index of national college graduates is showing a decreasing trend. This article is based on the "2009 Capital University Student Growth Tracking Survey" and uses logistic regression to analyze the objective effects of school, family, and personal factors on whether undergraduate graduates choose to pursue higher education or employment.Finally, this study found that factors such as learning atmosphere, teacher teaching ability, and family economic status significantly affect college students' graduation choices.Through thorough research and analysis, this article seeks to analyze the elements that affect graduates' decisions regarding their future courses of study and employment. It also offers pertinent advice and recommendations for educational institutions, families, and particular students.

Influence of Female Educational Level on Consumption of Family Education

As education becomes more and more important, more and more families pay attention to education, and the proportion of education consumption in family consumption is increasing. According to the data of the Seventh National Census Bulletin, with the popularization of basic education, women 's level of education is increasing. This study uses the Chinese Family Tracking Survey completed by the Chinese Social Science Survey Center of Peking University in 2020. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of female educational level on family education consumption by means of linear regression. It is concluded that there is a significant positive correlation between female education level and family education consumption. It suggests that the higher the level of education for women, the higher the consumption of family education, and the level of education for women has an increasing impact on the level of consumption of family education. The education level of women has become an important factor affecting the consumption of family education.

The Relationship Between Family Education and Students' Academic Performance

Using the China Education Tracking Survey 2014 data (CEPS 2014) and the Logit regression model, the relationship between family education and students' academic performance was analyzed, and different parenting styles should be adopted for different students. Research has found that there is no significant relationship between parental control over students' computer usage time and their academic performance; Similarly, whether parents have strict control over students' social interactions is not significantly related to whether students' academic performance is good.

Analysis of depression incidence and influence factors among middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients in China: based on CHARLS data

BackgroundTo investigate the incidence of depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes in China and the influencing factors to provide a theoretical basis to improve the mental health of middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes and formulate prevention, control, and intervention strategies.MethodsThe sample of this study was obtained from the China Health and Aging Tracking Survey (CHARLS) 2018 survey data, and middle-aged and older patients with diabetes(responding “Yes” to the questionnaire: “Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have diabetes or elevated blood glucose [including abnormal glucose tolerance and elevated fasting glucose]?”) aged ≥ 45 years were selected as study subjects (n = 2,613 ). Depressive symptoms of the study subjects were determined using the simplified version of the Depression Scale for Epidemiological Surveys scores(a score ≥ 10 was defined as depression), influence factors were analyzed using binary logistic regression, and proportion of depressive symptoms was standardized using the sex ratio of the seventh census.ResultsAmong the 2,613 middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes, 1782 (68.2%) had depressive symptoms and 831 (31.8%) had no depressive symptoms. There were 481 (27.0%) patients aged 45−59 years, 978 (54.9%) aged 60−74 years, and 323 (18.1%) aged ≥ 75 years. The depression rate among middle-aged and elderly Chinese patients with diabetes after standardization correction was 67.5%. Binary logistic regression results showed that age, education level, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction, self-rated health grade, somatic pain, visual impairment, physical disability, and the presence of comorbid chronic diseases were factors that influenced the onset of depression in middle-aged and elderly Chinese patients with diabetes (P < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to a survey analysis of the CHARLS 2018 data, depression is influenced by a combination of factors among middle-aged and elderly patients with diabetes in China. Therefore, for this population, targeted prevention and control should be carried out for key populations, such as middle-aged and elderly people, poor physical health, and low life satisfaction and marital satisfaction, from various dimensions (e.g., demographic and sociological factors, physical health status, and life satisfaction and marital satisfaction).

Working mothers' dilemma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China

There is increasing evidence from developed countries showing that the COVID-19 recession disproportionately impacted the female labor force, causing a “She-cession”. This paper investigates the magnitude of the “She-cession” in China. Using a unique three-wave employee tracking survey of China in 2020, we portrayed the temporal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working women during and post the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Our results show a widening gender gap in unemployment, hours worked, and monthly salary throughout 2020. Marital status and children exacerbated the gender gaps; as expected, working mothers with a child aged 0–6 experienced the most adverse labor market outcomes. Moreover, working mothers with a child aged 0–6 displayed the worst mental health status compared to other groups throughout 2020.

Analysis of depression status and influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases.

To explore prevalence of depression and its influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases. Data were extracted from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Tracking Survey (CHARLS) for 6,704 middle-aged and elderly patients ≥45 years with chronic diseases. The influencing variables were selected based on LASSO-logistic regression model, and a nomogram was further drawn to visualize regression results. Comorbidity between chronic diseases and depression symptoms were detected in 3058 individuals (45.6%). Female, rural, lower education, poor, insomnia, multiple chronic disease, and functional impairment were associated with a higher proportion of depression. Meanwhile, family interaction, intergenerational financial support, social activity intensity, and satisfaction with life can protect against depression. Depressive symptoms are common in Chinese older adults with chronic diseases. They need regular assessment and intervention, especially those with multiple diseases, female, rural, alone, impaired, poor sleep, or poor economy. These high-risk elders also need family, medical, and social support and care.