Actuator faults, system uncertainties, and external disturbances can affect tracking control performance of the quadrotor UAV, and even cause the instability of the system. To address this issue, an adaptive fuzzy-neural fault-tolerant control (AFNFTC) scheme is proposed for the quadrotor UAV integrated with inverse compensation strategy and fuzzy neural networks (FNNs) technology. Firstly, we design an inverse compensation mechanism to address actuator faults and utilize the approximation capabilities of the FNNs to compensate for system uncertainties. Then, based on the Lyapunov direct method, the AFNFTC scheme is designed to ensure the stability of the quadrotor UAV. Under the proposed scheme, the closed-loop system for the quadrotor UAV is proven to be uniformly bounded, and the tracking error of the quadrotor UAV is demonstrated to converge to a small compact set ultimately by appropriately selecting design parameters. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through simulation results.