The method of scanning conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy has been proposed, which suggests the anode in the conversion electron detector to be made in the needle form. It has been shown that it is possible to scan the sample surface to obtain information on the structural-phase state of the local near-surface layers of the studied materials. The methods of transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), integral (ICEMS) and scanning (SCEMS) conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy have been used to study the iron nanotubes prepared by template synthesis using the track membranes. According to MS data, ~ 90% of iron in the nanotube structure is in a chemically free state. It follows from the ICEMS and SCEMS results that in the near-surface layers of nanotubes the iron cations are predominantly localized in the structure of hydroxides. The differences in the orientation of the magnetic moments in the bulk and near-surface layers have been established.