Tracing Mode Research Articles

Mimetic-metric-torsion with induced axial mode and phantom barrier crossing

We extend the basic formalism of mimetic-metric-torsion gravity theory, in a way that the mimetic scalar field can manifest itself geometrically as the source of not just the trace mode of torsion, but its axial (or, pseudo-trace) mode as well. Specifically, we consider the mimetic field to be (i) coupled explicitly to the well-known Holst extension of the Riemann–Cartan action, and (ii) identified with the square of the associated Barbero–Immirzi field, presumably a pseudo-scalar. The conformal symmetry originally prevaling in the theory would still hold, as the associated Cartan transformations do not affect the torsion pseudo-trace, and hence the Holst term. Demanding the theory to preserve the spatial parity symmetry as well, we show a geometric unification of the cosmological dark sector, and the feasibility of a super-accelerating regime in the course of evolution of the universe. From the observational perspective, assuming the cosmological evolution profile to be very close to that for varLambda CDM, we further illustrate a smooth crossing of the so-called phantom barrier at a low red-shift, albeit with a restricted parametric domain. Subsequently, we determine the extent of the super-acceleration by examining the evolution of the relevant torsion parameters.

Автоматический уровнемер жидкости для взрывоопасных зон

The purpose of this work is to develop an automatic liquid level meter for hazardous zones. The analysis of currently known level meters, which are widely used in the oil and oil refining industry, showed that their cost is very high. The proposed level gauge cost is significantly lower than that of industrial analogues for manufacture and operation. This paper describes the capabilities and operating principles of the developed liquid level meter for hazardous zones. The proposed level gauge is designed to measure the level of petroleum products for technological accounting and control of petroleum products. The flowchart and algorithm of the level gauge operation are given. This paper presents the "upper" level of automatic process control on personal computers. This level is based on the Trace Mode software package by AdAstrA Research Group, Ltd (Russia). The software package provides for the transmission of target setpoints from a computer, preliminary alarm, archiving of data of technological parameters, and a mnemonic diagram for passing technological parameters in real time. The level meter is designed to measure various levels with appropriate settings, the measurement accuracy ranges from 0.5–1 %.

SCADA system algorithm and software

The oil and gas industry is characterized by complex technological processes, the management of which is impossible without the use of modern automation tools (APCs). For monitoring and dispatching control of a large number of remote objects, specialized SCADA systems are used, the main purpose of which is to provide the operator who controls the technological process with complete information about this process and the necessary means to influence it. The Russian control automation market is represented by both domestic and foreign SCADA systems, the most popular of which are: WinCC (Siemens, Germany), InTouch (Wonderware, USA), RSView32 (Rockwell Automation, USA), Genesis64 (Iconics, USA), Vijeo Citect (Schneider Electric, France), Trace Mode (AdAstra), Master SCADA (InSat NPF), Krug-2000 (Krug NPF), SARGON (NVT-Automation). Unlike foreign SCADA systems, Russian SCADA systems have a number of advantages – an acceptable price level, the possibility of operational technical support and, not least, Russian-language accompanying operational documentation. The article presents the control algorithms of the TREI-5B-05 programmable controller of the «ECO» series, which are used in the SCADA system of the oil and gas transport infrastructure. Sets of parameters of a functioning system are obtained. Software has been developed that monitors the functions of the controller and signals a detected failure. A series of tests was developed and tested, with the help of which the correct functioning of the TREI-5B-05 controller was checked on a specialized stand by modeling the errors that occur. The integration of this application with the existing automated operator's seat has been completed. A method for testing the performance of the TREI-5B-05 controller of the «ECO» series, as the most important element of the SCADA process control system in the oil and gas industry, is proposed. The transition to the use of this controller was carried out in accordance with the domestic policy of import substitution. Development of control algorithms and software for an automated system for monitoring the state of technological equipment involved in the transportation of liquid energy resources along oil and gas pipelines, as well as ensuring the smooth operation of the system and reducing its downtime in the event of equipment failure. In the course of the study, a software and algorithmic complex was created and tested to monitor the technical condition of the pump unit and the shut-off device with an electric drive. Special algorithms for testing signals at different values of control parameters have been developed and tested. Protocols are formed for all the tests performed and acceptable parameter values are determined for the specific system built. The analysis of XML files in the controller's memory and in RAM for their integrity is carried out. The developed application allows you to monitor the health of the system, as well as transmit signals about detected errors to the operator's automated control system. Timely signaling of failures in the transport system, in turn, allows you to quickly take measures to eliminate their causes.

Adjustable mode ratio and focus boost search strategy for cat swarm optimization

<abstract><p>Evolutionary algorithm is one of the optimization techniques. Cat swarm optimization (CSO)-based algorithm is frequently used in many applications for solving challenging optimization problems. In this paper, the tracing mode in CSO is modified to reduce the number of user-defined parameters and weaken the sensitivity to the parameter values. In addition, a <italic>mode ratio</italic> control scheme for switching individuals between different movement modes and a search boosting strategy are proposed. The obtained results from our method are compared with the modified CSO without the proposed strategy, the original CSO, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and differential evolution (DE) with three commonly-used DE search schemes. Six test functions from IEEE congress on evolutionary competition (CEC) are used to evaluate the proposed methods. The overall performance is evaluated by the average ranking over all test results. The ranking result indicates that our proposed method outperforms the other methods compared.</p></abstract>

On the matter of the development of automatic chemical control system for thermal power plants using modern hardware and software

This article considers development of modern chemical monitoring systems using modern hardware and software. Application of these means gives a lot of possibilities for improving reliability of the chemical monitoring systems, main power plant equipment and water chemistry maintenance. An information system is described, the system contains a decision support module, that allows to identify faulty chemical measuring instruments, inform the plant staff about the scheduled maintenance operations and identify the reason of a water chemistry upset. A model of such a system is developed using Tehnopribor and Owen hardware and CODESYS 2 and Trace Mode 6 software.

Network simulation of the sewage treatment system in machine-building enterprises

The article examines the technological complex of wastewater treatment (WWS) of machine-building production. The wastewater treatment complex (WWS) of machine-building production has a complex multi-level structure; therefore, modern methods of system analysis, computer modeling, and the theory of Petri nets are used to study, model, and analyze such systems. The apparatus of the theory of Petri nets (SP) is selected from the main methods for modeling discrete-continuous chemical-technological systems (CTS) for modeling the process of SAL of engineering production. Petri nets are used, focused on modeling and analysis of discrete-continuous CTS, by including priority transitions, delay time of labels in positions and transitions. A model of a typical apparatus that implements the OSV technological process was synthesized in the form of a modified Petri net (SME). The software package for the OSV technological process control system was created using the TRACE MODE SCADA technology.

Revisiting the renormalization of Einstein–Maxwell theory at one-loop

Abstract In a series of recent works based on foliation-based quantization in which renormalizability has been achieved for the physical sector of the theory, we have shown that the use of the standard graviton propagator interferes, due to the presence of the trace mode, with the four-dimensional covariance. A subtlety in the background field method also requires careful handling. This status of the matter motivated us to revisit an Einstein-scalar system in one of the sequels. Continuing the endeavors, we revisit the one-loop renormalization of an Einstein–Maxwell system in the present work. The systematic renormalization of the cosmological and Newton constants is carried out by applying the refined background field method. The one-loop beta function of the vector coupling constant is explicitly computed and compared with the literature. The longstanding problem of the gauge choice dependence of the effective action is addressed, and the manner in which gauge choice independence is restored in the present framework is discussed. The formalism also sheds light on background independent analysis. The renormalization involves a metric field redefinition originally introduced by ’t Hooft; with the field redefinition the theory should be predictive.

Analysis of astigmatism outcomes after horizontal rectus muscle surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia.

This study examined the factors affecting corneal curvature change after lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection surgery in patients with intermittent exotropia. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in intermittent exotropia patients who underwent rectus resection surgery. The study involved 41 male and 42 female patients (mean age: 9.55 ± 5.03 years, range: 3-28 years). Corneal astigmatism analysis was performed using the Galilei G4 Dual Scheimpflug Analyzer. The values of simulated and ray tracing corneal keratometry (K) of astigmatism, including axis changes, were determined preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. The factors found to affect corneal curvature change were sex, extent of surgery, and axial length. Simulated and ray tracing changes were significant preoperatively and at 1 week and 3 months after rectus resection surgery (p < 0.05); however, there were no differences in astigmatism (D) at any time. The spherical equivalent had a myopic change after rectus resection surgery with cycloplegic refraction, and in ray tracing mode, flat K was decreased at 1 week from baseline and increased 3 months later. Steep, mean K, and axis increased continuously from baseline to 1 week and 3 months. Astigmatism, in contrast, was increased at 1 week, but decreased at 3 months, with no return to baseline. Univariable linear regression analyses showed that the extent of surgery had an effect on flat K change and that sex had an effect on steep K and axis. Additionally, axial length affected steep K and astigmatism, while age had no effect on any variable. Ray tracing values were significantly different from simulated values. In ray tracing mode, rectus resection surgery may result in astigmatism shifted toward with-the-rule, and myopic changes may be caused by differences in thickness and flexibility of the sclera. Notably, age did not affect any variable.

Система для обеспечения орнитологической безопасности в аэропортах гражданской авиации

Ensuring the ornithological safety of the aircraft flights is a serious international problem. Due to the sharp increase in the number, size and speed of the modern aircrafts, the probability of collisions with the birds and the severity of the consequences are increased significantly. To ensure ornithological safety of civil aviation, various birdscarers are used. Along with the latest ultrasonic and laser developments, it is possible to use acoustic scarers — after appropriate modernization. The authors developed and created a new type of the automated complex based on the microprocessor technologies. This system includes a sound (propane) thunder cannon and a built-in video surveillance system with the motion sensors. An algorithm for the operation of the complex was developed. Proposed: the automated bird detection in the take-off and landing zone of the airport using video cameras and automatic launch of the thunder cannon shots. There are three options for launching the thunder cannon: automatic — based on the schedule of the aircraft take-off and arrival; automatic — when birds are detected by the surveillance cameras; manual centralized — if required. A modern programmable logic controller PLC110 of the Russian company OWEN with a program based on CODESYS was used. Information is transferred using the Modbus RTU protocol. Data archiving system was created based on the TRACE MODE software package. Thanks to automation, the negative consequences of the human factor when observing birds and managing repellents are minimized, which increases the efficiency of ensuring the airport ornithological safety.

CREATION OF A COMPUTER-ASSISTED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE RAW MATERIALS BIOLOGICAL PROCESSING

During anaerobic fermentation, the alternation of liquid and solid substances in the substrate makes the bacteria adapt to changing conditions, which significantly reduces the biogas yield, reduces the methane concentration in it, and increases the retention time of the substrate in the bioreactor. The solution to this problem when using cavitation destruction can not only minimize temperature nonuniformity but also solve the problem of the same load on the biocenosis and maximum contact surface of bacteria during anaerobic fermentation in the bioreactor. Studies have shown that the composition and quantity of biogas are not constant and depend on the type of substrate being processed and the biogas production technology. To stabilize the composition of the resulting biogas and bring it to a high-quality, independent alternative energy source, it is possible using membrane destruction or crushing of organic raw materials. The energy consumption, fermentation time, and methane concentration in the final biogas output depend on the primary treatment. This work proposes a mathematical model of the process of crushing, dispersing, and blending waste from dairy and fattening farms, which allows to determine and optimize its operating parameters, as well as to promote effective anaerobic fermentation of the substrate in the bioreactor. To determine the mathematical model for the raw materials biological processing with known theoretical or experimental parameters, numerical methods were used, which are one of the powerful mathematical tools for solving the problem. The results of the operational parameters of the studied processes were obtained using the Mathcad environment and tested in the SCADA Trace Mode 6.10.1 automated process control and monitoring software package.

Апаратно-програмна реалізація інтелектуальної комп’ютерно-інтегрованої системи контролю та прогнозування величини струму витоку електрообладнання тваринницького приміщення

. The development of advanced protection systems and ways to reduce electricity losses during its transportation by power lines is an urgent scientific problem. The main source of leakage current in livestock facilities are electric motors, which are necessary to ensure the technological process. Humidity of the electric motor has an extremely negative effect on the condition of the motor insulation. The purpose of the study is to develop the structure of a computer-integrated system that monitors and predicts the values of motor leakage current to prevent its impact on animal living conditions and dangerous consequences for living organisms with hardware-software implementation of computer-integrated control system based on SCADA Trace Mode. T his article considers the possible hardware and software implementation of an intelligent computer-integrated control system and forecasting the value of the leakage current of electrical equipment of livestock premises. To provide automated real-time control, a SCADA system with appropriate software has been developed. This software is installed on computers and, to communicate with the object, uses I/O drivers or OPC/DDE servers. Program code can be written in a programming language (such as C++) or generated in an automated design environment. The modular product SCADA Trace Mode was used for technical and software implementation of the developed system. Key words: leakage current, SCADA, SCADA Trace Mode, control, network

Tracing modes of politics at the United Nations: Spatial scripting, intimidation and subversion at the Forum on Minority Issues

This paper seeks to add empirical depth and conceptual nuance to how we understand the dynamics of geopolitical interactions. It does so by turning attention to the role of space in how modes of politics are articulated. The micro-spaces of international institutions are brought to the fore through an examination of how geopolitical actors of different prescribed statuses – state diplomats and representatives of minority communities – interact in the spaces of the UN Office at Geneva. Focusing on the UN Forum on Minority Issues the paper adopts an inductive approach to draw out dynamics of scripting, disruption, (in)visibility and affective atmospheres in this space. Three empirical snapshots of the eighth and ninth Forums are presented. The first focuses on spatial scripting within Room XX and examines experiences of sublime aesthetics and the cadences of the Forum’s proceedings. Attention then turns to the actions of particular states which interrupted minority speakers and engaged in spatial practices of intimidation. Third, the agency of minority representatives in asserting their presence through reclaiming space and small acts of subversion is examined. The paper concludes with a discussion of how to approach the often contradictory modes of politics articulated at the UN and the potential for further geographical investigation of this international institution.

Automation design systems for mechanical engineering and device node design

This paper is concerned to the analysis of the construction of the devices with software program for the engineering production. It is necessary to optimize the basic parameters of production for quality improvement. The important and modern trend is development of the program platform for useful and not very expensive software. The integrating program allows us to create new modules of the software for design devices. It was done the overview of the programs for analyzing the main elements of the individual parts of the construction devices for the modern control systems. It was shown that the idea of construction connected possible with integrated software system Trace mode. This product has module for design and investigation of apparatuses with new quality of elements. Concepts relating to design issues are interpreted by different approaches in international standards.

Conformable core-shell fiber tactile sensor by continuous tubular deposition modeling with water-based sacrificial coaxial writing

Stretchable tactile sensors are popular in soft and conformable electronics, and innovations in their architectural design and manufacturing process are in demand for more advanced applications. In this work, a resistive-type core-shell tactile sensor was designed and fabricated via the coaxial ink writing of a continuous single core-shell fiber. Particularly, a facile tubular deposition modeling method was established, in which deionized (DI) water was selected as the core and first coextruded with the elastomeric shell and then scarified and replaced by injecting liquid metal (LM). To weave the continuous single core-shell fiber, tactile sensing nodes were formed easily and precisely to position-registered mechanical pressure stimuli. The resistive responses including sensitivity, coupling and reliability of the sensor architecture were examined, and the tracing mode was performed. Furthermore, the tactile sensor could be directly patterned on a 3D surface. The core-shell fiber-based tactile sensor design and its scalable manufacturing are significant for the advanced fabrication of 3D printed conformable electronics.

Bio-Inspired Based Distributed Monitoring Technique for Clustering and Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Security threats are vulnerable in recent times. Kaspersky intelligence report confirms that clustering and attacks makes crucial impact on the network as compared with other security attacks in wireless based environment .The current work focus on clustering of nodes in WSNs. Cat swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is one of the bio-inspired algorithm and implemented for optimization of nodes to find a better route to transmit data packets in WSN. Also the work focuses on the presence of Distributed Monitoring Approach to evaluate the seek or hunt mode and tracing mode nodes for better improvement in clustering the network. The network recital parameters such as ratio of delivery of data packets, and transmission capacity usage are analyzed to detect network flow in WSN. Reviews have been performed with the analysis of network performance with some of the existing techniques.

Single-Objective/Multiobjective Cat Swarm Optimization Clustering Analysis for Data Partition

This article proposes single-objective/multiobjective cat swarm optimization clustering algorithms for data partition. The proposed methods use the cat swarm to search the optimal. The position of the cat tightly associates with the clustering centers and is updated by two submodes: the seeking mode and the tracing mode. The seeking mode uses the simulated annealing strategy to update the cat position at a probability. Inspired by the quantum theories, the tracing mode adopts the quantum model to update the cat position in the whole solution space. First, the single-objective method is proposed and adopts the cohesion of clustering as the objective function, in which the kernel method is applied. For considering more objective functions to reveal diverse aspects of data, the multiobjective method is proposed and adopts both the cohesion and the connectivity as the objective functions. The Pareto optimization method is applied to balance the objectives. In the experiments, three kinds of data sets are used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed methods, which are three synthetic data sets, four data sets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, and a field data set. Experimental results verified that the proposed methods perform better than the traditional clustering algorithms, and the proposed multiobjective method has the highest accuracy. Note to Practitioners —This article presents single-objective/multiobjective cat swarm optimization clustering analysis methods for data partition. Through automatically extracting meaningful or useful classes, clustering analysis could help the practitioners or the intelligent devices find the specific meanings of data, natural data structure, the data relationships, or other characteristics. The proposed methods use the cat swarm to search the optimal clustering result. One or more criterion functions could be selected as the optimization objectives. The time complexity of the multiobjective type is higher than that of the single-objective type. Therefore, in the industrial field, engineers should choose the number of the optimization objectives based on the actual requirements. The proposed methods could be widely used into industrial applications to deal with complex data sets. Future research could consider some more progressive optimization schemes to improve the effectiveness.

Simplified binary cat swarm optimization

Inspired by the biological behavior of domestic cats, the Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO) is a metaheuristic which has been successfully applied to solve several optimization problems. For binary problems, the Boolean Binary Cat Swarm Optimization (BBCSO) presents consistent performance and differentiates itself from most of the other algorithms by not considering the agents as continuous vectors using transfer and discretization functions. In this paper, we present a simplified version of the BBCSO. This new version, named Simplified Binary CSO (SBCSO) which features a new position update rule for the tracing mode, demonstrates improved performance, and reduced computational cost when compared to previous CSO versions, including the BBCSO. Furthermore, the results of the experiments indicate that SBCSO can outperform other well-known algorithms such as the Improved Binary Fish School Search (IBFSS), the Binary Artificial Bee Colony (BABC), the Binary Genetic Algorithm (BGA), and the Modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (MBPSO) in several instances of the One Max, 0/1 Knapsack, Multiple 0/1 Knapsack, SubsetSum problem besides Feature Selection problems for eight datasets.

Development of information support for the technological production process of drinks based on plant roughage

Today, SCADA is the main and advanced method for automated management of complex dynamic systems (processes). Supervisory control of technological processes in various branches of the agro-industrial complex is an essential factor in improving their effectiveness and fulfilling the tasks of increasing productivity, competitiveness, and profitability of production. Due to the introduction of SCADA, the company manages to facilitate and improve the production process. The article deals with an example of supervisory control of the production of a drink based on plant roughages. In order to decrease capital costs and further maintenance costs during automation, the functions of the controller level are united with the operator level, and dispatching functions are combined with the level of the administrative automated process control system. SCADA TRACE MODE was selected as the development framework for the technological process information support of the drink. The structure of the SCADA project and the key screen forms allowing dispatching the technological production process of a drink based on plant roughage were designed.

Разработка Scada-модели компрессорной станции магистрального газопровода

Nowadays, at all levels of created automated control systems for technological processes, programmable technical means are used that require specific software within framework of necessary functional tasks. This software should include a set of software tools that communicate with technical devices and organize «human-machine interface» (HMI) in the form of application software for AWPs with assigned communication tasks for persons, responsible for management decision-making: operators, dispatchers, managers. However, hardware architecture is unique for each particular case, so it is necessary to refine or create a new control system. This is a rather laborious process. To simplify creation of such systems SCADA-systems are used.Article is devoted to development of SCADA-component for trunk gas pipeline's compressor workshop. Developed component allows tracking the characteristics of gas transportation process selected by operator. Development is based on «Windows» operating system and integrated environment TRACE MODE (SCADA/HMI).

Energy saving potential of tubular light pipe system with different colors on internal surfaces

PurposeLighting in building sectors (consumes the highest energy in commercial buildings and the second highest in residential buildings in India) has very much potential for energy conservation in buildings. With the use of daylighting system, energy consumption in lighting can be lowered up to 30 to 40 per cent.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental effort has been made in this paper to explore the internal wall coloring effect on the performance of tubular light pipe. Trace-pro software has been used and validated. With the help of this software, light pipe has been designed and simulated in a ray tracing mode. Assessment of four globally used prediction models has also been conducted to compare the performances in different seasons for light pipes in the composite climate of New Delhi.FindingsIt has been conducted based on three statistical indicators as mean bias error, root mean square error and R2. Using regression, an empirical model for average internal illuminance has been developed as a function of light reflectance value (LRV) and solar altitude angle. Trace-pro results confirmed that maximum internal illuminance can be obtained with wall surfaces coated with high LRV color. Finally, by using of a single light pipe system for a test room with the artificial lighting system and applying continuous dimming control, the amount of electrical energy has been saved up to 38.5 per cent per year.Originality/valueAfter going through the literature, it has been identified that there has been no paper published which explores the effect of colors of the internal walls on the performance of the light pipe. Along with this, the comparison between existing empirical performance models and find out which model gives the best result in different seasons has been carried out for New Delhi, India.