ObjectiveComplicated post-cardiac surgery course, can lead to both prolonged ICU stay and ventilation, and may require a tracheostomy. This study represents the single-center experience with post-cardiac surgery tracheostomy. The aim of this study was to assess the timing of tracheostomy as a risk factor for early, intermediate, and late mortality. The study’s second aim was to assess the incidence of both superficial and deep sternal wound infections. DesignRetrospective study of prospectively collected data. SettingTertiary hospital. PatientsPatients were divided into 3 groups, according to the timing of tracheostomy; early (4−10 days); intermediate (11−20 days) and late (≥21 days). InterventionsNone. Main variables of interestThe primary outcomes were early, intermediate, and long-term mortality. The secondary outcome was the incidence of sternal wound infection. ResultsDuring the 17-year study period, 12,782 patients underwent cardiac surgery, of whom 407 (3.18%) required postoperative tracheostomy. 147 (36.1%) had early, 195 (47.9%) intermediate, and 65 (16%) had a late tracheostomy. Early, 30-day, and in-hospital mortality was similar for all groups. However, patients, who underwent early- and intermediate tracheostomy, demonstrated statistically significant lower mortality after 1- and 5-year (42.8%; 57.4%; 64.6%; and 55.8%; 68.7%; 75.4%, respectively; P < .001). Cox model demonstrated age [1.025 (1.014–1.036)] and timing of tracheostomy [0.315 (0.159−0.757)] had significant impacts on mortality. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a relationship between the timing of tracheostomy after cardiac surgery and mortality: early tracheostomy (within 4−10 days of mechanical ventilation) is associated with better intermediate- and long-term survival.