Tracheopathia osteoplastica is a rare, benign tumorous condition of the trachea and major bronchi. The multiple osteocartilaginous tumors are formed in the wall of the trachea and project into the internal surface of that structure, producing a variable amount of obstruction to the airway. Solitary chondromas and solitary osteomas of the trachea usually are excluded from this particular category. Apparently, the literature does not contain any detailed account of the radiographic features of this disease entity. It was felt advisable, therefore, to review roentgenograms of patients with this condition who had been seen at the Mayo Clinic. Also, we wish to present a case in which the diagnosis of tracheopathia osteoplastica was made on the basis of the clinical history and the characteristic radiographic picture as seen in tomograms. Report of Case Case I: A 71-year-old white man registered at the clinic on Oct. 18, 1955, complaining of progressive exertional dyspnea and productive cough of three years duration. Pie also mentioned hoarseness, present intermittently for the previous eleven months. Ten months prior to his registration he had consulted a physician, who found roentgenographic evidence of a superior mediastinal mass compressing the trachea at and above the carina. Tomograms were interpreted as showing submucosal polypoid encroachment on the tracheal lumen. Bronchoscopic examination revealed extensive narrowing of the trachea, but results of biopsy were interpreted as negative. An eight-week course of irradiation to the mediastinum had produced temporary improvement, but for the three months prior to his registration at the clinic there had been further progression of the dyspnea and cough. Stiffness of the neck was said to have been present for thirty years. Results of physical examination were normal, except for obvious respiratory embarrassment and severe limitation of motion of the neck. Laboratory procedures, including smears and cultures for acid-fast bacilli and cytologic examinations of the sputum for malignant cells, disclosed nothing abnormal. The roentgenogram of the thorax is shown in Figure 1 and a tomogram of the trachea in Figure 2. It was decided not to carry out bronchoscopy because of difficulties associated with severe rheumatoid spondylitis and ankylosis of the cervical area of the spinal column. A diagnosis of tracheopathia osteoplastica was made, and the patient returned home. Adrenal cortical steroid therapy was prescribed, and when he was last heard from, on Dec. 26, 1956 (almost fifteen months after admission), there was no indication of progression of his respiratory symptoms. After the patient's visit to the clinic, tissue was received that had been obtained for biopsy at the previous bronchoscopic procedure. This showed tracheal mucosa containing areas of noncalcified hyaline cartilage.