Tracheal Pouch Research Articles

Chronic cholinergic stimulation of canine respiratory tissue. Its effect on the activities of glycosyltransferases and release of macromolecules.

The influence of cholingergic stimulation on the incorporation of D-[6-3H]glucosamine into macromolecules released by canine trachea in vitro, and the capacity of subcellular fraction of this tissue to catalyze the transfer of various sugars to specific glycoproteins were measured. Canine trachea was incubated with radiohexosamine for 18 hours in the presence of methacholine chloride. The [3H]macromolecules subsequently released were fractionated on columns of 1 per cent agarose. Those macromolecules eluted from the columns with a mobility identical to that of large molecular weight, mucin-type glycoproteins of canine tracheal pouch secretions collected in vivo were increased. The tissue then did not respond to further challenges with acetylcholine chloride, at least as regards the release of radiomacromolecular. In addition, in vitro challenges of methacholine chloride failed to alter the specific activities of the tracheobronchial tissue glycosyltransferases. The specific activities of 2 galactosyltransferases, a sialytransferase, and an N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase were elevated after 1 month and after 2 months of daily subcutaneous injections of methacholine chloride. No further increases were seen during the third month of injections; throughout the 3 months, the specific activity of fucosyltransferase failed to change.

Dissemination of influenza virus between anatomically isolated sites in ferrets.

Influenza virus was shown to disseminate from the respiratory tract of nasally infected ferrets to a surgically formed, subcutaneous tracheal pouch. Conversely, ferrets infected via the pouch shed virus from the upper respiratory tract. These events occurred within the first 24 h after infection. Passively administered ferret antibody to virus did not prevent the dissemination.

Effect of cholinergic stimulation on the release of macromolecules by canine trachea in vitro.

SUMMARy _ The incorporation of D-[6-3H] glucosamine into the macromolecules synthesized by canine tracheo­ bronchial tissue provided a method for evaluating the influence of various physiologic and pharma­ cologic parameters on respiratory glycoprotein secretion. The cervical portion of canine trachea and the bifurcation were incubated in vitro for 18 hours with tissue culture medium 199 containing [3H] glucosamine. The tissues were rinsed and allowed to incubate further for 2-hour periods in unlabeled tissue culture medium. To study the effects of various agents on the release of total 3H-labeled macromolecules, compounds were added during the second and/or third bath periods after an initial basal control period. Addition of acetylcholine chloride to the bath fluid significantly increased the release of total [3H] macromolecules, presumably by stimulation of cholinergically innervated submucosal mucous glands, an effect that could be pharmacologically antagonized by atropine sulfate. Histamine, norepinephrine, and bromhexine were without any significant effect on the release of [3H] macro­ molecules at the concentrations studied. Concentrated aliquots of the dialyzed bath solutions were chromatographed on columns of I per cent agarose by continuous elution with Tris-phosphate buffer in 6 M urea. The increased release of [3H] macromolecules induced by cholinergic stimulation appeared to be accounted for by increases in the void volume peak of tritium eluted from agarose columns at a mobility identi­ cal with large molecular weight mucin type glycoproteins of canine tracheal pouch secretions collected in vivo.

Immunoglobulins in respiratory secretions obtained from the canine tracheal pouch.

SummaryCanine tracheal secretions obtained from a new system for studying respiratory tract mucous were examined by Ouchterlony double gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and gel filtration chromatography. Immunoglobulins of three classes, IgA, IgM, and IgG, were identified. The main immunoglobulin of canine tracheal secretions appears to be IgA. The tracheal pouch provides a useful model in which to study the secretory immune system of the dog.

The canine tracheal pouch. A model for use in respiratory mucus research.

The canine tracheal pouch. A model for use in respiratory mucus research.

THE EVOLUTION OF ARTHROPODAN LOCOMOTORY MECHANISMS. PART 71. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND BODY DESIGN IN COLOBOGNATHA (DIPLOPODA), TOGETHER WITH A COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF DIPLOPOD BURROWING TECHNIQUES, TRUNK MUSCULATURE AND SEGMENTATION

THE EVOLUTION OF ARTHROPODAN LOCOMOTORY MECHANISMS. PART 71. FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND BODY DESIGN IN COLOBOGNATHA (DIPLOPODA), TOGETHER WITH A COMPARATIVE ACCOUNT OF DIPLOPOD BURROWING TECHNIQUES, TRUNK MUSCULATURE AND SEGMENTATION

Trachiectasis with Tracheocele: Report of Case in Which a Tracheocele was Resected

Acquired tracheal pouch known also as tracheocele is a rare air-filled diverticulum of tracheal pars membranacea. This disease may be due to esophageal or tracheal surgery, orotracheal intubation, or increased intralunimal pressure through a weak area of tracheal wall. When symptomatic and medical therapy is insufficient, this disorder must be treated surgically. Several surgical methods ranging from open neck or thoracic surgery to endoscopic managements have been reported. We report the case history of a 7-year-old boy affected by recurrent pneumonia due to tracheal pouch. The patient underwent successful brushing of tracheocele plus fibrin glue application by rigid tracheobroncoscopy. Furthermore, particular emphasis on endoscopic treatments of tracheal diverticulum is also presented.

XXVIII.—Note respecting the tracheal pouch of the Emu. (Communicated by Dr. J. Murie, Professor of Anatomy, Royal Veterinary College, Edinburgh)

XXVIII.—<i>Note respecting the tracheal pouch of the Emu</i>. (Communicated by Dr. J. M<scp>urie</scp>, Professor of Anatomy, Royal Veterinary College, Edinburgh)