Tracheal Chain Research Articles

Extraction, Isolation Characterization and Antiasthamatic Activity of The Leaves of Abelmoschus Esculenutus (okra)

Aims: The aim of study was to evaluate the scientific basis for the traditional use of Amebelmoschus esculentus leaves. Materials and Methods: In the present study, petroleum ether extract of Abelmoschus esculentus leaves was evaluated for preliminary phytochemical screening and antiasthmatic activity using histamine induced bronchospasm and histamine induced constriction on isolated goat tracheal chain at different dose levels. Student's t-Test and Dunett's test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The result of present investigation showed that the petroleum ether extract of Abelmoschus esculentus significantly (P<0.001) decreased the bronchospasm induced by histamine and It also decreased the histamine induce constriction on isolated goat trachea in dose-dependent manner. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in the extract. Conclusions: The present study concludes that the antiasthmatic activity of ethanolic extract of A.esculentus leaves may be due to the presence of flavonoids, Alkaloids glycosides, tannins, protein. Antiasthmatic action of the A. esculentus could be due to its antihistaminic, anticholinergic and mast-cell-stabilizing property.

Isolation, Characterisation and Evaluation of Anti-asthma activity of Caesalpinia pulcherrima

Caesalpinia pulcherrima is also commonly known as peacock flower, belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae. Reported biological activities of the plant Caesalpinia pulcherrima L.are antimicrobial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antiwrinkle. The present study was undertaken to isolate, characterise and evaluate the in-vitro anti-asthmatic activity of the whole plant of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L using goat tracheal chain method. Presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids were observed in whole plant of Caesalpinia pulcherrima L. The main components identified were 8-methoxybonducellin, 6-methoxypulcherrimin, myricitroside and isobonducellin. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated on the basis of FTIR spectrum and GC-MS spectrum as well as by comparison with available data in the literature. It was observed that ethanolic extract (300 μg, 400 μg) of Caesalpinia pulcherrima showed significant dose dependent antiasthmatic activity in goat tracheal chain model. While chloroform extract (300 μg, 400 μg) and petroleum ether (300 μg , 400 μg) showed satisfactory activity. Thus results reported in the present work shows evidence that the ethanol extract of C. pulcherrima shows potent anti-asthmatic activity.

Efficient Euphorbia hirta Phytosomes for in vitro Antiasthmatic Activity

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the antiasthmatic activity of Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes in an in vitro anti-asthmatic model. Materials and Methods: The phytosomes were tested for entrapment efficiency, solubility studies, and in vitro drug release. The in vitro goat tracheal chain preparation paradigm was used to test the Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes. Results: Histamine-induced contraction in an isolated goat tracheal chain revealed that both Euphorbia hirta extract and Euphorbia hirta phytosomes decreased histamine’s contractile effect. The entrapment efficiency was observed well at 60°C and a 1:2 ratio of extract: phospholipids. The solubility studies and in vitro drug release studies depicted a rise in the lipophilic nature of extract by formulating it in the form of phytosomes. The antiasthmatic activity of the extract and phytosomes increased as the concentration was raised. Conclusion: The presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, glycosides, and saponine may play a role in the antiasthmatic activity observed. Moreover, enhanced lipophilicity might have enabled phytosomes to show a better antiasthmatic profile as compared to extract.

Pharmacological screening of Acalypha indica L.: Possible role in the treatment of asthma

Ethnopharmacological relevanceAcalypha indica Linn (Euphorbiaceae), a popular traditional medicine, is an erect herb found throughout various parts of India. In Ayurveda, Acalypha indica was commonly used in asthma and allergy. However, no attempts were made in past to validate the antiasthmatic potential of Acalypha indica.Aim of the study: The present study was aimed to assess the anti-asthmatic potential of ethanolic extracts of Acalypha indica leaves (EAIL) using various experimental animal models. Materials and methodsEAIL was analyzed using different screening methods such as acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of goat tracheal chain, clonidine-induced catalepsy in mice, milk-induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia in mice, clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation in rats, passive paw anaphylaxis in rats, histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs, and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced histopathological alterations in mice. ResultsData received in the present study showed that EAIL drastically antagonized acetylcholine and histamine-induced contraction of goat tracheal chain, suggesting its anticholinergic and antihistaminic activity respectively. The duration of immobility, produced by clonidine, was found to be decreased in mice which showed its H1 receptor blocking activity. In milk-induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia in mice, EAIL significantly reduced the number of leucocytes and eosinophils suggesting its adaptogenic and anti-allergic potential. Inhibition of clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation in rats displayed its mast cell stabilizing potential. Reduction of paw edema in passive paw anaphylaxis exhibited antianaphylactic activity of EAIL. Guinea pigs were protected from histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by EAIL which revealed its bronchodilator potential. Furthermore, the histopathological architecture of lung tissue was near to normal. ConclusionOur results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of Acalypha indica in the treatment of asthma due to the presence of a wide range of phytoconstituents. Hence our investigation revealed that EAIL possessed strong antiasthmatic property by virtue of various mechanisms.

Effects of Curcuma Longa Ethanol Extract on Isolated Guinea Pigthile Smooth Muscle in Acetylcholine Induction

Epidemiological studies show that nearly 20% of the world's population suffers from diseases related to allergies and asthma. The main compound of turmeric is curcumin has several pharmacological properties, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory, asthma treatment. The study aimed to determine the effects of ethanol extract Curcuma longa on the smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pigtic trachea in acetylcholine induction. This research method was experimental to observe the relationship of Curcuma longa ethanol extract (EECL) to the relaxing effects of isolated smooth muscle trachea marmot (tracheal ring chain) inserted into a bath organ filled with Kreb's physiological fluid by maintaining a temperature of 35-370C and associated with a Matlab recorder. Samples used by male guinea pigs and ethanol extract Curcuma longa (EECL). The results of the study that ethanol extract Curcuma longa has a relaxing effect on the smooth muscles of the trachea isolated from the experimental rats contracted with acetylcholine. Ethanol extract Curcuma longa has the ability not dising from theophylline 2 x 10-4 M in reducing smooth muscle contraction of insulated Cavia porcelain trachea induced by acetylcholine, acetylcholine strength without incubation contraction compared to acetylcholine with EECL incubation showed statistically different results (p <0.05). The mechanism of Curcuma longa relaxation effect on isolated guinea pig smooth muscle is mediated through inhibition of the enzyme PDE.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CYNODON DACTYLON LEAVES

In the present study Cynodon dactylon leaves ethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were used to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity, using various experimental in vivo and in vitro animal models. Ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were evaluated for its anti-asthmatic activity by in vitro models (isolated guinea pig ileum preparation and isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation) in vivo models (Histamine and acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs and milk induced eosinophilia in mice model). Ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon and its ethyl acetate fraction at the concentration of 10 mg significantly antagonized the effect of histamine induced contraction on isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. Ethyl acetate fraction of Cynodon dactylon showed the maximum spasmolytic activity and significantly extended the latent period of convulsion as compared to standard (Ketotifen fumarate) upon histamine and acetylcholine exposure in a dose dependent manner. The study concluded that, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Cynadon dactylon was shown significant anti-asthmatic activity.

In-vitro and in-vivo Evaluation of Anti-asthmatic Activity of Eugenia jambolana bark

Objectives: The present study designed to evaluate the Antiasthmatic activity of aqueous extract of bark of Eugenia Jambolana (AEEJ) on in vitro and in vivo animal models. Materials and methods: Different in vitro and in vivo animal models was used to study the anti asthmatic activity as isolated goat tracheal chain preparation, Acetylcholine and Histamine induced bronconstriction in guinea pigs, effect of drug extract on histamine release from mast cell was checked by clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation, and milk-induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Results: In-vitro study on goat tracheal chain preparation revealed that aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana (AEEJ)bark exerted antagonistic effect on the histamine induced contraction. (P<0.05) The guinea pigs when exposed to 0.2% histamine aerosol showed signs of progressive dyspnoea leading to convulsions. AEEJ significantly prolonged the latent period of convulsions (PCT) as compared to control following the exposure of histamine (0.2%) aerosol (P<0.01). The observation of present study indicates aqueous extract of Eugenia jambolana shows significant inhibition of milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis. Group of animals pretreated with aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract showed significant reduction in degranulation of mast cells when challenged with clonidine. The prevention of degranulation process by the aqueous Eugenia jambolana bark extract (P<0.01) indicates a possible stabilizing effect on the mast cells, indicating mast cell stabilizing activity. Conclusions: Thus, AEEJ showed antihistaminic, mast cell stabilizing and protective in guinea pigs against histamine induced PCD, reduced eosinophilia and leukocytosis and hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.

Neuropharmacological Exploration of Standardized Extract of Annona squamosa (L.) Fruit Pulp in Experimental Animals

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of standardized Annona squamosa Linn fruit pulp extract using various in-vitro and in-vivo models. Methodology: Neuroprotective potential of standardized extract was screened against dopamine-induced contraction of isolated rat vas deferens, serotonin-induced contractions of isolated rat fundus, acetylcholine-induced contractions of isolated goat tracheal chain. In-vivo models such as elevated plus maze, light and dark model, force swim test, tail suspension test, lithium-induced head twitches, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, PTZ induced seizure and foot shock-induced aggression were implemented to screen various doses intervals (50-200mg/kg) of extracts in experimental animals. Results: Standardization of extract showed content of polyphenols 65.37 mg/g of GAE, total flavonoid 5.33 mg/g of RE and HPLC fingerprinting of ASP-ME showed identical retention time as that of standard gallic acid, quercetine and rutin, viz 3.830, 5.765 and 3.830 respectively. Inhibition of DPPH radical reflected as 91.32±0.19 % while percent inhibition of RRI of DPPH was observed as 95.99±0.47 at 150 min. ASP-ME significantly inhibited dopamine and serotonin induced contraction on isolated rat vas deferens and rat fundus respectively at log dose (1.3, 2.5) for dopamine and log dose (2.2, 2.5) for serotonin. ASP-ME potentiated ach-induced contractions on goat tracheal chain preparation. Ach alone produces 106.90±4.6 % response, while ASP-ME in presence of Ach potentiates response and produces 141.80±10 % response. The extract demonstrated anxiolytic activity by increasing the time spent in open arms and light zone in elevated plus maze and light dark test respectively. The duration of immobility was significantly decreased in force swim & tail suspension test respectively demonstrating antidepressant activity. Administration of ASP-ME shown antipsychotic effect in dose dependent manner by minimising aggression induced by foot shock (reduced number of flights), while potentiation of catalepsy induced by haloperidol. The extract also exhibited serotonergic system inhibitory effect by significantly reducing head twitches imparted by lithium. The ASP-ME significantly delayed the onset of first myoclonic and clonic spasms induced by PTZ indicating anticonvulsant effects. Extract also shown ability to decrease the behavior facilitated by the serotonergic and dopaminergic coordination, while potentiated the actions produced by GABA. Conclusion: Finding of the study suggests anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic effects of ASP-ME probably mediated through dopamine D2 and 5-HT receptors, with neuroprotective activity.

Effect of Roflumilast in airways disorders via dual inhibition of phosphodiesterase and Ca2+-channel

The bronchodilator effects of Roflumilast “a selective phosphodiesterase type-4 (PDE4)” inhibitor studied in this experimental protocol. The spiral strips of isolated guinea-pig tracheal chains mounted in organ bath and maintained in Krebs solution ventilated with carbogen at 32 °C and in Ca++ restricted krebs solution. PDE inhibitory activity was evaluated by recording dose response curves using inhibitory effect of isoprenaline on CCh induced contractions. For confirmation of PDE inhibition the intracellular cAMP levels were also estimated. Roflumilast resulted a sharp inhibition in contractile responses of carbachol (CCh, 1 µM) and K+ (80 mM) and the results were almost similar to verapamil. In Ca++ restricted Krebs solution, a rightward shift in the Ca++ response curves observed in the tracheal chain strips which were pretreated with Roflumilast (0.001–0.003 mg/mL) and the maximum response was suppressed, similarly as with verapamil. PDE inhibitory effect of Roflumilast evaluated by recording dose-dependent (0.03–0.1 mg/mL) responses, the isoprenaline-induced inhibitory dose response curves shifted leftward similar to papaverine (PDE inhibitor). Pretreatment with Roflumilast exhibited elevated intracellular cAMP levels in tracheal strips. Findings of the experiment conclude bronchodilatory influence of Roflumilast via PDE and Ca++ channel inhibition. Results of current experiment offers comprehensive mechanistic background of Roflumilast in future as therapeutic bronchodilator for hyperactive bronchial airway diseases.

Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico ADMET Studies of 1,8-Naphthyridine Derivatives as an H1-receptor Inhibitor

In the present study, 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives (5a1, 5a2, 5b1, and 5b2) were designed, synthesized, and screened for their in vitro H1-antihistaminic activity. H1R inhibitory activity of the synthesized derivatives was calculated by the modified Van Arman technique, histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs. A good bronchorelaxant effect of compounds was observed in histamine-contracted guinea pig tracheal chain through H1-receptor antagonism. In addition, the hypothetically resulted compounds are checked for their reliability on other in silico drug designing online web services like SwissADME predictor. In silico ADMET analysis results show that all the derivatives had negligible toxicity, good absorption, and solubility profile. These compounds may serve as possible lead for establishing safe and effective antihistaminic agent(s).

Evaluation Alpinia galanga Essential Oil for Anti Asthmatic Activity in Animal Models

The aim of the present study was to evaluate antiasthmatic activity of Alpinia galanga essential oil by using various animal models.Essential oil of Alpinia galanga was procured from GR herbals, Indore & Chemical analysis was carried out through GC-MS. In present study investigated the contraction inhibition activity on tracheal chain using histamine (10 μg/ml). For in vivo studies PCD time was observed in 0.1% histamine exposed guinea pigs. The present findings demonstrated significantly decrease the airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin. Hence the present study verified that A.galanga essential oil bearing antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory effect.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-ASTHMATIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BERLERIA PRIONITIS LINN. AERIAL PARTS

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the aerial parts of a plant of Barleria prionitis Linn., for its antiasthmatic activity with the separation of active moieties.Methods: Adult wistar albino rats were used for the anti-inflammatory study. Histamine-induced bronchospasm was conducted on isolated goat trachea.Results: The dried and powdered aerial parts of Berleria prionitis was extracted with continuous soxhlet extraction with Petroleum ether (40-60 ° C), Chloroform, Ethyl acetate, Acetone, Methanol, and Hydroalcoholic solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of all extracts was done. Preliminary animal studies by In vitro isolated goat trachea chain preparation of all extracts were done to find out the potent extract. In this study, the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Berleria prionitis was found to be potent comparative to another extract. The results of carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model indicated the dose-dependant anti-inflammatory activity. As compared to standard drug (Indomethacin), methanolic extract showed similar activity which was found to be statistically significant (P<0.0001). The extent of DPPH radical scavenging was determined by calculated the IC50 value of methanolic extract Berleria prionitis (133.5) compared with the Ascorbic acid (114.7) taken as standard. In the present study, the histamine-induced dose-dependent contraction of goat tracheal chain was significantly inhibited (p<0.001) by methanolic extract of aerial parts of Berleria prionitis (200 μg/ml). Thus the present study revealed that the methanolic extract of Berleria prionitis (MEBP) has significant antihistaminic (H1 receptor antagonist) activity.Conclusion: In view the fact that tribal have well experienced the antiasthmatic effects of the roots of Barleria prionitis Linn. The results of our study, for the first time, show that the methanolic extract of aerial parts of Berleria prionitis Linn. possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Bronchodilator properties and therefore can be used for the antiasthmatic treatment.

Anti-histaminic and bronchodilatory activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of <i>Calotropis procera</i> (Ait) R.Br. root bark on allergic asthma in rodents

The root bark of Calotropis procera (C. procera) (Asclepiadaceae) has been reported to be a part of herbal remedies for the management of allergic conditions including asthma. However, there is paucity of data on its anti-histaminic and bronhodilatory activity in asthma. This study therefore aimed to provide some pharmacological rationale for the ethnomedical use of C. procera as an anti-histamine and bronchodilator in asthma. The aqueous and methanol extracts of C. procera were investigated for anti-histaminic and bronchodilatory activities using histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig tracheal chain (at 0.5 ml, 1 ml and 2 ml, and stock concentration of 0.5 mg/ml), histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum strip test (at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1 ml, and stock concentration of 10 mg/ml), and haloperidol induced catalepsy test in rats (at 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg doses). Both extracts of C. procera significantly relaxed (p˂0.01) histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea. The extracts also significantly inhibited (p˂0.001) histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum. The aqueous extract did not significantly inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy. However, methanol extract significantly inhibited (p˂0.05) haloperidol-induced catalepsy at 300 mg/kg. The aqueous and methanol root bark extract of C. procera was found to poses anti-histaminic and bronchodilatory activities in in vivo and in vitro antiasthmatic test on animal models, with the methanol extract having greater activity than the aqueous extract, thus support the folkloric use of the plant in inflammatory and allergic conditions including asthma.Keywords: Calotropis procera, Anti-histaminic, Bronchorelaxant, Anti-asthmatic, Histamine

Anti-allergy and anti-tussive activity of Clitoria ternatea L. in experimental animals

Ethnopharmacological relevanceClitoria ternatea flower is traditionally used in the treatment of respiratory disorders including bronchitis and is one of the ingredients in different Ayurvedic preparations that are used in respiratory disorders. However, till date there is no scientific report on the anti-asthmatic activity of this flower. Aim of the studyEthanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea flowers (ECT) was evaluated for its anti-allergy and anti-tussive potential in experimental animals. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory potential of ECT was carried out to draw a plausible mechanism of action of the drug. Materials and MethodsIn-vitro anti-asthmatic activity of ECT was evaluated in goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. Acute and chronic anti-asthmatic activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was estimated in histamine aerosol exposed guinea pigs and in OVA sensitized and challenged mice respectively. Anti-tussive activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of ECT (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; p.o.) was evaluated against carrageenan- and acetic acid-induced inflammation in rats. ResultsECT attenuated histamine-induced contraction in both goat tracheal chain and isolated guinea pig ileum preparations. ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated histamine-induced dyspnoea and OVA-induced changes in differential cell count in broncheoalveolar fluid, levels of interleukins (IL-1beta and IL-6) and immunoglobulin (OVA-sensitive IgG1) in animals. ECT (400 mg/kg) further ameliorated sulfur dioxide- and citric acid-induced cough in experimental animals. Additionally, ECT (400 mg/kg) attenuated inflammation in carrageenan and acetic acid challenged rodents. ConclusionsStandardized ECT could be considered as a potential therapeutic alternative in the management of allergy-induced asthma.

English

Guiera senegalensis is a medicinal plant that is widely used in West Africa against many illnesses. In this work, the antiasthmatic properties of ethanol leaf extract of the G. senegalensis were evaluated by using various in vitro animal models. In vitro models like isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, isolated guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum preparations were studied to evaluate possible mechanism by which extract shows relaxant activity. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The study showed that the extract contained phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, tannins and saponins. Isolated tracheal smooth muscles contractions induced by histamine was significantly (p<0.01) reduced by the extract, so also that induced by acetylcholine at concentrations of 4 and 8 mg/ml. The findings were similar to that of 0.4 µg/ml isoprenaline. Guinea pig and rabbit jejunum contractions induced by histamine and acetylcholine were significantly (p<0.01) reduced by the extract. These observed effects can be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids and steroids in the extract. The results of these studies indicated ethanol extract of G. senegalensis possess antiasthmatic activity. Key words: Antiasthmatic activity, bronchoconstriction, Guiera senegalensis, guinea pig ileum. &nbsp

Corilagin Attenuates Allergy and Anaphylactic Reaction by Inhibiting Degranulation of Mast Cells.

BackgroundThis study evaluated the anti-allergic activity of corilagin and also postulates the possible mechanism of its action.Material/MethodsCorilagin was given orally at dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day. All the animals (guinea pigs, rats, and mice) were sensitized for allergy such as eosinophilia and leukocytosis induced by milk; degranulation of mast cell by compound 48/80; and passive and active anaphylaxis. Moreover, the antagonistic effect was determined by estimating the effect of corilagin on contraction of guinea pig tracheal chain and ileum induced by Ach and histamine, respectively.ResultThere was a significant decrease in the leukocyte and eosinophil counts in the corilagin-treated group compared to the negative control group. Treatment with corilagin significantly protects the degranulation of mast cells, and it also has significant anti-muscarinic and antihistaminic activity by reducing the muscle contraction induced by Acetylcholine (Ach) and histamine in guinea pig tracheal chain and ileum.ConclusionsCorilagin possess anti-anaphylactic and anti-allergic activity by inhibiting the release of mediators from mast cells and by decreasing the serum concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE).

Evaluation of Antiasthmatic Activity of Murraya Koenigii L. Leaves

The present investigation was designed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves in experimental animals. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated for anti-histaminic activity using isolated Guinea pig tracheal chain preparation, histamine induced Bronchoconstriction in Guinea pig and milk induced leucocytosis in mice. Ethanolic extract of Murraya Koenigii Leaves oral dose 400mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited dose dependent contraction of Guinea pig tracheal chain produced by histamine and also showed significant protection by prolonging PreConvulsion Dyspnoea time (PCT) in guinea pigs. Murraya Koenigii Leaves was evaluated by milk induced leucocytosis in mice showed significant decreased of total leukocyte count. Thus, Murraya Koenigii Leaves showed anti-allergic activity against histamine hence possesses potential role in the treatment of asthma.

Bronchodilatory effect of <i>Myxopyrum serratulum</i> in animal model

<p class="Abstract">The plant <em>Myxopyrum </em>serratulum is traditionally claimed to relieve asthma and cough. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of the methanolic extract of <em>M. </em>serratulum on histamine-induced bronchospasm by <em>in vivo</em> and the inhibitory effect of the extract on histamine-contracted tracheal chain and ileum by <em>in vitro</em> guinea pig model. Additionally, the relaxant effect of four cumulative concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g%) was assessed using precontracted tracheal chain under different conditions. The extract (400 mg/kg) prolonged the preconvulsive time to 102.3 ± 3.8 sec when compared to saline and standard chlorpheniramine maleate as 121.3 ± 4.5 sec (p<0.05). The extract also possessed significant inhibitory effect on histamine-contracted guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain and also exhibited significant relaxation effect on precontracted tracheal chain of guinea pig models contracted by 60 mM KCl (p<0.001) and 10 µM methacholine (p<0.001) when compared with standard theophylline.</p>

Antiasthmatic related properties of Abrus precatorius leaves on various models

ObjectiveAsthma is a multifaceted inflammatory disorder which results into narrowing of airway with broncho-constriction and spasm. As the complex pathophysilogy of asthma, various animal models are generally used to investigate the immunological and physiological pathogenesis of disease. Abrus precatorius Linn (Fabacease) is a climbing shrub. The leaves and roots are sweet in taste and traditionally used for the treatment of asthma, bronchititis, and inflammation. A. precatorius possesses different pharmacological activities. Hence the objective of this study was to evaluate antiasthmatic activity of ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves using various models. MethodsIn present study ethanol extract of A. precatorius leaves was evaluated for antiasthmatic activity using carrageenan induced paw edema in rats [100–150 mg/kg], histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pig [200–400 mg/kg] and histamine induced contraction of goat tracheal chain [2.5–25 μg/ml]. ResultsResult of study revealed that ethanol extract of A. precatorius significantly exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in rats, oral treatment of extract on guinea pig significantly increases histamine induced preconvulsive dysponea times and the ethanol extract of plant increases got tracheal chain precontracted with histamine. ConclusionHence present study concludes that ethanol extract of A. precatorius possesses antiasthmatic activity.

Evaluation of anti-histaminic and bronchodilatory Activity of milk of equus africanus Asinus in rodents

The Equus africanus asinus milk commonly known as donkey milk (DM) is often used as a substitute for breast milk, and as medicine for treating the child of delicate health, improving immunity, treatment of respiratory problems like cough, whooping cough and asthma in infants.The present study was therefore designed to evaluate the antihistaminic and bronchodilator activity of milk of Equus africanus asinus in rodents. Equus asinus milk was evaluated using histamine induced contractions on isolated ileum and tracheal chain preparations and histamine induced bronchoconstriction in Guinea pigs. The Equus asinus milk significantly inhibited histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain preparation and significantly protected the guinea pigs against histamine induced Bronchoconstriction as indicated by delay in the pre-convulsive dyspnoea time (PCT) following the exposure of histamine aerosol. The results suggested that Equus asinus milk has antihistaminic and bronchodilator activity and may prove beneficial effect in the management of asthma.