Wear Traces Research Articles

Optical evaluation of the surfaces of the CuAlBe samples after the test of resistance to harsh wear stresses in an explosive atmosphere

A material with both non-sparking and good mechanical properties based on CuBe-Al elements was proposed for anti-sparking materials intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres (design and manufacture of technical equipment, tools and implements intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres). The alloy was obtained using a classical induction furnace from Cu-Be master alloy and pure Al. Using hot-rolled bands (heated to 800 °C and rolled from ingots with 10 mm diameter to 2 mm thickness plates) experimental devices were made to perform laboratory tests in explosive mixtures for the acceptance of spark arresting materials intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. A hard wear process by forcefully applying some steel elements to the experimental CuAlBe alloy was carried out in an enclosure with an explosive atmosphere consisting of an atmosphere with 10% H2. The main purpose of the tests is to verify whether or not the tested materials produce mechanical sparks. They are considered non-sparking materials and are checked/tested accordingly. Their appearance was not observed in the first 16000 friction tests between the two materials. The tests left deep traces of wear on the surface of the experimental alloys, leading to damage to their surface. The wear marks were analyzed macroscopically by optical microscopy (LOM). The test response after 16 000 frictions was negative to explosion and the material can be used as non spark alloy.

LATE CHALCOLITHIC FLINT ASSEMBLAGE FROM THE PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT OF TELISH-LAGA

The paper presents result of a techno-typological analysis of the flint implements from the archaeological investigation at the settlement Telish-Laga. The flint assemblage comes from the context of two geological horizons, which refer to the Late Chalcolithic culture of Krivodol Salkutsa-Bubani. The collection consists of 1398 artefacts. Typologically, it is divided as follows: specimens with traces of preparing the cores, cores, debitage products, and retouched forms. A detailed analysis of the flint assemblage suggests the following conclusions: − relatively small number of cores, − the debitage products were mainly obtained from unidirectional cores, − the blades significantly prevail among the debitage products, − relatively large number of retouched tools, as more than half of the tools are on blades, − the end scrapers prevail in the composition of the assemblage, − lack of typological variety in retouched tools. The quantitative dominance of end scrapers in the assemblage and macroscopically visible traces of wear on some of them indicate manufacturing directly oriented on the processing of animal products, such as skin, meat, bone or horn. In general, the structure of the assemblage indicates that the preparation of the core was mainly carried out off-site. Other kinds of activities were performed on-site, including manufacturing flakes/blades from cores, retouches, repairs, and so on. The settlement in Telish-Laga occupied a stratigraphic hiatus between the horizons II and III of the prehistoric settlement of Telish-Redutite. Both settlements refer to the so-called “altitude settlements”, characteristic of the area of the Krivodol-Salkutsa-Bubani ethno-cultural complex. However, it is possible to accept a different hypothesis – the settlement from the locality of “Laga” may have continued Horizon II of Redutite. In the technological and typological aspect, the assemblage of Telish-Laga finds analogies in certain Neolithic collections, such as Gradeshnitsa-Malo Pole, Gradeshnitsa-Lukanovo Darvo, or Zaminets. It also shares similarities with the late Neolithic-Early Chalcolithic assemblages of Altimir-Bresta and Gradeshnitsa-Gradishteto.

Sandwich hydrogel to realize cartilage-mimetic structures and performances from polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and sodium hyaluronate

Developing artificial substitutes that mimic the structures and performances of natural cartilage is of great importance. However, it is challenging to integrate the high strength, excellent biocompatibility, low coefficient of friction, long-term wear resistance, outstanding swelling resistance, and osseointegration potential into one material. Herein, a sandwich hydrogel with cartilage-mimetic structures and performances was prepared to achieve this goal. The precursor hydrogel was obtained by freezing-thawing the mixture of poly vinyl alcohol, chitosan and deionized water three cycles, accompanied by soaking in sodium hyaluronate solution. The top of the precursor hydrogel was hydrophobically modified with lauroyl chloride and then loaded with lecithin, while the bottom was mineralized with hydroxyapatite. Due to the multiple linkages (crystalline domains, hydrogen bonds, and ionic interactions), the compressive stress was 71 MPa. Owing to the synergy of the hydrophobic modification and lecithin, the coefficient of friction was 0.01. Additionally, no wear trace was observed after 50,000 wear cycles. Remarkably, hydroxyapatite enabled the hydrogel osseointegration potential. The swelling ratio of the hydrogel was 0.06 g/g after soaking in simulated synovial fluid for 7 days. Since raw materials were non-toxic, the cell viability was 100 %. All of the above merits make it an ideal material for cartilage replacement.

Tools for the metal processing of the Alakul population of the forest-steppe Tobol River basin

The paper presents the results of the study of a tool complex associated with metalworking from the sites of the Alakul Culture of the forest-steppe Tobol River basin — the settlements of Kamyshnoe 1 and 2, Uk 3, Nizhneingalskoe 3, and Zolotoe 1. The Alakul antiquities, in general, date to 1900–1450 BC. The purpose of this work is the consolidation and clarification of information on the metalworking of the Alakul population of the forest-steppe Tobol basin. For this purpose, collections of trade tools of the aforementioned Alakul settlements were revisited; the tools used in the production in question were identified; the signs of their wear, documented by a series of microphotographs, were characterised; and groups of the tools were identified according to their functional feature. The main research method was experimental-traceological. It implies, firstly, the study of traces of wear, their mutual occurrence and specifics of the location on the tools; secondly, the comparison of the obtained characteristics with experimental data. In the work, theoretical and experiential concepts of the methodology and classification schemes developed by S.A. Semenov, G.F. Korobkova, and V.V. Kileynikov were employed. To verify the traces of wear on archaeological tools, experimental reference samples of the tools were used, obtained during many years of work and stored in the Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS. As analogies, published results of the experiments and experimental and traceological studies of similar tools from territorially close Bronze Age sites were used. As the result, forging tools (hammers for cold and hot forging of castings, smoothers) and abrasive tools were identified; their technological characteristics and distinctive signs of wear marks were clari-fied. A set of tools in one quantity or another was recorded at each of the studied sites; therefore, the blacksmith production was quite developed also on the periphery of the Alakul Culture. Additional arguments were obtained in favour of the hypothesis that the ore processing was taking place in the immediate vicinity of its sources, and the metal could have been supplied to the re-mote villages already in a ‘finished’ form; there, the products were cast, forged, and finished. Analogies to the studied tools are known from the earlier Petrovka and Sintashta complexes of the Southern Trans-Urals. Thus, we can talk about common patterns in the manufacture and use of metalworking tools during the Bronze Age in the Trans-Urals territory.

Numerical simulation of the rheology of alumina abrasive particles applied to UHMWPE during the microabrasion test

The material used for 50 years in orthopedics for joint replacements is ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Joint replacements are designed so that the metal is in surface contact with the polymeric material, and it is used in most degenerative joint disorders. A problem with joint replacements is the half-life of their UHMWPE components resulting from surface contact, leading to premature wear. This leads to the detachment of wear particles causing osteolysis. In the present investigation, a numerical simulation of the rheology of 5 μm size alumina abrasive particles applied to UHMWPE type GUR 1020 was performed by duplicating the microabrasion test. An analogy was proposed between the alumina particles observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the gravel stone obtaining a geometry similar to that of the alumina particles. A 3D scanner was used, obtaining different randomly selected gravel models. They were scanned and rendered to obtain the IGS files to be used in the finite element software. Using Archad’s abrasive wear theory, the volume displaced by the abrasive particles was obtained as a function of the geometry of the abrasive grains, influenced by the entry position of one or more of the different cutting edges contained in the geometry, the hardness of the softer material, the value of the normal load and the sliding distance. Individual trace profiles were obtained by 2D profilometry and wear traces were analyzed by SEM. Explicit dynamic analysis of particle motion was used to simulate the entry, transition and displacement during the abrasive wear test caused by detached particles. The experimental results of the microabrasion test were compared with finite element analysis, demonstrating that simulation can be used as a reliable tool to obtain information about the type of wear of a material.

Anti-wear and vibration-noise control of nitrogen-doped graphene/C60 nano additives

Traditional lubricants can no longer meet the demand for vibration and noise reduction performance in industrial production. In order to reduce the vibration and noise caused by friction under heavy load conditions, nitrogen-doped graphene prepared by a bottom-up method is used as an additive. By incorporating nitrogen-doped graphene and C60 nanoparticles into PAO6 lubricant, a highly efficient nano-lubricant with both vibration and noise reduction properties is synthesized. The performance of the nano-lubricant is determined by rotational wear tests, and the obtained wear traces on steel balls and plates are evaluated by 3D depth-of-field microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, and the vibration and noise signals are analyzed using vibration analyzers and digital sound level meters. The coefficient of friction and wear volume of N-doped graphene:C60 (0.4:0.5) can be reduced by 60% and 57%, respectively. Especially, the Z-axis vibration acceleration and noise sound pressure are reduced by 81% and 19%, respectively. The results indicate that the hybrid nanoparticles can directly reduce friction and wear through filling and adsorption. In addition, the slight deformation of the coupled nitrogen-doped graphene/C60 structure can absorb the load and reduce the stress concentration, thus indirectly attenuating the friction-induced vibration and noise.

Альчики славянского Воргольского городища: от игры к ритуалу

The research of the complex of finds of the Slavic period in the form of a cluster of 76 alchiks, made as a ritual sacrifice, at the base of the rampart of the Vorgol city. The main task of the study is to clarify the functional purpose of these items. Traces of wear and tear and external factors were studied. Data on ornamentation and the location and nature of drilled holes were systematized. Morphometric evaluation of astragali was carried out, with the determination of species, possible breed, sex and age of the animals.

Manufacturing of Poly-DL-Lactic Acid Nanosheets and Evaluation of Tribological Characteristics between Nanosheet Surfaces and Fingers

Attention is focused on ultra-thin polymer films (nanosheets) that have high flexibility and adhesiveness and their thickness can be controlled to several tens of nanometers. These nanosheets can be neatly attached to surfaces with complex irregularities without the use of adhesives. Therefore, the ratio of surface area to thickness is very large, and we believe that the relationship with friction is very significant in nanosheet technology for biomedical applications such as wearable devices and wound dressings. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact mechanism of nanosheets with human fingertip skin in terms of friction coefficient by using the microgravure printing method, which enables thin film coating. From the results of film thickness measurements, it was found that nanosheets of any thickness can be fabricated by the microgravure printing method. The friction measurement results showed that the coefficient of friction of the nanosheets decreased except for vertical loads above Fz=2N. The coefficient of friction increased as the contact area increased. It was found to increase with increasing vertical load under the immersion in water conditions, and conversely, it decreased under the drying condition except for the high normal load of 2N. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction was found to increase with increasing nanosheet thickness. Observation of wear traces showed that when the vertical load was sufficiently high (Fz = 2 N), wear traces containing oily traces such as sebum and sweat appeared on the nanosheet surface. This is thought to function as a lubricant. Polymer nanosheets are a new material, and there have been few studies on friction with this material. Research on friction is very important because polymer nanosheets are expected to be applied to wound dressings and displays of electronic devices.

Mechanical Pressing of Coconut Oil and Evaluation of Its Lubricant Properties

Vegetable oils represent an important element in protecting a sustainable environment. The pursuit of environmentally friendly solutions and the ever-increasing costs of synthetic oil production are increasing the interest in natural vegetable oils. This paper presents and discusses the possibilities of using the oils obtained from coconuts (Cocos nucifera L.) harvested in Indonesia (North Sumatra region), with three maturity levels (green, yellow, and brown), as lubricants. The specific mechanical energy for linear pressing of the green, yellow, and brown types was 22.3, 20.7, and 18.5 J·goil−1, respectively. The water content of the oils obtained from the green, yellow, and brown types was 1786, 2033, and 1902 mg H2O·g−1, respectively. The mathematical models for linear pressing were established. The sizes of the wear area for the green, yellow, and brown types were 25.7, 24.4, and 34.3 mm2, respectively. The UV–visible spectral curves of the oils, in the range of 180–320 nm, were determined. The results of the lubrication properties of the Reichert test showed that better lubrication properties were exhibited by the green and yellow types, which are comparable to the lubricating properties of engine oils. The results from the SEM images also showed a better structure of the worn surface and fewer traces of abrasive wear.

A multi approach study of grinding artefacts recovered at the north of the Hualfín valley (Catamarca, Argentina)

This paper aims to characterise the lithic technology associated with food processing at the Villavil 1 site (northern Hualfin Valley, Argentina), inhabited during both the Middle period (ca. 7th – 9th centuries AD) and Late-Inka period (ca. 10th – 16th centuries AD). We conducted this study by following different approaches on grinding tools: at the macroscopic scale, we carried out techno-morphological studies, while at the microscopic scale we identified botanical residues and use-wear traces.These different lines of evidence allowed us to recognise upper tools that could have been used for grinding vegetables. We detected starch grains of three taxa: Zea mays, Neltuma sp., and Phaseolus vulgaris. Also, wear traces (dimples, micro-striations, micro-polishing) pointed out an intense or prolonged percussion on the surface of another rock and the contact with plant material. The results match with the functions of the site Villavil 1, related to agricultural production, which was fundamental to the diet of pre-Columbian populations that inhabited the valley.

Experimenting with Levantine Neolithic shell-bead production and use – A low magnification perspective

Shells have been used as beads for ornamentation from early human history to this day. The Neolithic period in the Levant brought about profound changes in human lifeways that influenced the ways people chose, manufactured, and used shell beads. Different traces etched on shell beads may reflect various manufacturing modes and materials and diverse uses and interactions that shell beads had with different materials during use. In order to aid in the interpretation of such traces an experimental scheme was devised and carried out. Various Neolithic-style shell bead types were fabricated, using different techniques and materials; the replicas were strung by different strings, against different backdrop materials and in diverse configurations; and swung on a pendulating machine. Replicated shell beads were examined under low magnification and the traces recognized on them compared to wear traces identified on archaeological Neolithic shell beads from the Southern Levant. The comparison allowed, among other results, to define a specific type of wear associated with stringing and use of particular shell beads common in the Neolithic Levant. This finding will significantly increase our ability to recognize and interpret shell bead use in general, and particularly may be incorporated in a broader understanding of Neolithic dress, society and lifeways.

Chewing, dentition and tooth wear in Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis).

Among mammals, hippopotamids ('hippos') have been described as the species with the lowest chewing efficacy despite elaborate enamel folds on the occlusal surface or their cheek teeth, which was hypothesized to result from the lack of a grinding chewing motion. We investigated the chewing and dentition of the two extant hippo species, the common hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the pygmy hippo (Choeropsis liberiensis), making (video) observations of live animals and gathering data on museum specimens (n = 86 H. amphibius and 26 C. liberiensis skulls). Hippos have a low degree of anisodonty (differences in width between maxillary and mandibular cheek teeth) and anisognathy (difference in width between the upper and the lower jaw), corresponding to a mainly orthal (up-and-down) chewing motion. The two hippo species differ slightly, but distinctively, in their anterior dental morphology and chewing mode. In both species, the canines do not completely prevent a lateral jaw movement but would, in theory, permit this movement until the mandibular canines get into contact with the maxillary protruding snout. This movement is only realized, to a small extent, in pygmy hippos, leaving distinct wear traces on their incisors and creating relatively wider wear facets on the maxillary canines. In common hippos, the interlocking upper and lower incisors prevent lateral jaw movement. Corresponding contact wear facets are evident on the medial aspect of the upper, and on the lateral aspect of the lower incisors-unless museal reconstructions mispositioned these teeth. If these facets are interpreted as an indication for a relic of a lateral jaw movement that was probably more prominent in hippo ancestors, i.e. if we assume that hippos evolved orthal chewing secondarily, several other characteristics of hippos can be explained, such as a low degree of hypsodonty (in the absence of distinct attrition due to a grinding chewing movement), a secondary loss of complexity in their enamel schmelzmuster, a secondary evolution of a wide mouth gape, a reduction in anisodonty compared to their ancestors, and the evolution of a bilaterally symmetrical ('trifoliate') enamel folding pattern on the molar occlusal surface from an ancestral bunoselenodont condition. As an underlying driving force, selection for intraspecific combat with canines and incisors, necessitating a wide gape and a rigid jaw, has been suggested.

Effects of Contamination on Selected Rheological and Tribological Properties of Lubricating Greases Working in Underground Mines

This study examines the effect of mining pollutants and wear products on the rheological and tribological properties of a lubricating grease working in the microclimate of the Polkowice-Sieroszowice mine belonging to the KGHM Polska Miedź Group (Polkowice, Poland). The material under investigation is a commercial lubricating grease thickened with complex lithium soap, based on mineral oil with a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) addition. A sample of the grease was taken from one of the friction junctions of a self-propelled drilling jumbo operated in the mine. Comparative tests of the fresh grease and the spent grease were carried out. For the two greases, rheological tests, i.e., dynamic oscillation tests and tests in steady flow conditions, were carried out at a constant shear rate. The rheological tests were conducted using a rotational rheometer. Moreover, the tribological characteristics of the tested greases under different friction junction loads were carried out using a ball-on-disc tribometer. Besides friction resistance, the lubrication ability of the two greases was also evaluated through an analysis of the wear of the steel disks after the friction process. Contour and topographic maps of the wear traces of the discs together with their wear profiles were compared.

Des civilisations du végétal préhistoriques sous les tropiques ?

Did a toolkit made of plants exist in tropical forests during prehistory? If so, what was its impact on lithic technology? In Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, the “simplicity” of lithic industries has been interpreted as the reflection of a technical investment in another material: bamboo. The material clues, including traces of wear and residues on lithic artefacts, show that if a perishable material culture did exist, in the Philippines and in New Guinea, the Bamboo Hypothesis must be nuanced and extended to the plant world in the broad sense. Various plants have been exploited, including palm, to carry out activities that go beyond the manufacture of bamboo knives and arrows: splitting of rigid plants, fibre processing, manufacturing of ropes or baskets. If the relationship with the forest is developed on all continents and combines botanical knowledge, anthropogenization of the landscape and hunting of arboreal animals, its impact on lithics toolkits varies. In South America, stone tools become rarer in forest environment and the operating sequences become simpler. On the contrary, lithic industries of Africa and Sri Lanka show great technical know-how and are characterized by great standardization. Living in the rainforest does not necessarily imply abandoning the mineral to focus on plants and the part of cultural choices was large. A prehistoric plant technology is increasingly attested in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea thanks to use-wear analyses but remains to be demonstrated in other tropical regions of the world.

Potential release of trace metal ions from metallic orthodontic appliances and dental metal implants: A Review of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies

Metallic wear nanoparticles, corrosion products and trace metal ions release from metallic materials, e.g. metallic alloys and pure metals, implanted into the human and animal's body in orthodontic surgery is becoming a major cause for concern. Additionally, metallic wear nanoparticles can themselves undergo a corrosion process contributing to the total level of dissolved metal ions. This review briefly provides an overview of both metallic alloys and pure metals used in implant materials in dental surgery. A short section is dedicated to important biomaterials and their corrosive behavior in both real solutions and various types of media that model human and animal's biological fluids and tissues. The present review gives an overview of analytical methods, techniques and different approaches applied to the measurement of in vivo and in vitro trace metals released into body fluids and tissues from patients and animals carrying metal dental implants and metallic orthodontic appliances. Reference levels of ion concentrations in body fluids and tissues that have been determined by a host of studies are compiled, reviewed and presented in this paper. This review summarizes data, describing the potential toxicity of metal wear debris, free metallic ions and corrosion products release from metallic orthodontic appliances (metal surgical implants) in vivo and in vitro. Finally, a collection of published clinical data on in vivo and in vitro released trace metals from metal dental implants is included.

More-than-Human Wellbeing

More-than-Human Wellbeing

One-step fabrication of amorphous/ITO-CNTs coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation with particle addition for excellent wear resistance

As moving machine parts, aluminum alloys suffer from poor wear resistance, however, the combination of amorphous materials and anti-friction lubricant phases has rarely been investigated to improve tribological performance. The amorphous coatings were fabricated by one-step plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with ITO and CNTs addition, of which CNTs were used as lubricant additives to enhance the anti-friction properties of aluminum alloy. It is found that the amorphous phases in the coatings increase with ITO concentration in the electrolyte. As well as, when the concentration of ITO in the electrolyte reaches 40 g/L, XRD cannot detect Al2O3 phase, but only ITO and amorphous phase. The formation of the amorphous coating is due to the fact that In3+ can be used as a network modifier to improve the glass-forming ability of molten oxides and the rapid cooling after discharge. Further, the amorphous coating exhibits a higher hardness (1472 HV0.5) compared to single Al2O3 coatings (267 HV0.5) and its main wear mechanism is adhesive wear with a high friction coefficient (∼0.68). In contrast, with the incorporation of CNTs, the amorphous coating exhibits slight abrasive wear after 6000 sliding cycles under dry friction conditions, with a stable frictional coefficient of around 0.14. Of which, the amorphous coating (1704 HV0.5) serves as a load-bearing and CNT acts as a lubricant phase during friction and wear. Hence, through the synergistic effect of the CNTs additive and the amorphous coating, the tribological properties of aluminum alloy are significantly improved, with a low friction coefficient and shallow wear trace.

The dynamic lives of osseous points from Late Palaeolithic/Early Mesolithic Doggerland: A detailed functional study of barbed and unbarbed points from the Dutch North Sea.

Osseous barbed and unbarbed points are commonly recovered from the Dutch North Sea and other Mesolithic sites of northern Europe. Interpreted as elements of projectile weaponry, barbed points are considered by archaeologists to be a technological innovation in the hunting equipment of hunter-gatherers. However, debate about their exact use and identification of the targeted prey species is still ongoing. To shed light on the function of these tools, we analysed a sample of 17 artefacts from the Netherlands with a multi-disciplinary approach encompassing morphometric, functional, and chemical analysis. 14C-AMS dating yielded the oldest date for a barbed point from the Dutch coast (⁓13000 cal. BP). The observation of microwear traces preserved on the tools provides solid evidence to interpret the function of barbed and unbarbed points. We show that there were two distinct tool categories. 1) Barbed points hafted with birch tar and animal or vegetal binding were likely projectile tips for terrestrial and aquatic hunting. We provide strong clues to support the link between small barbed points and fishing using wear traces. 2) Points without barbs served as perforators for animal hides. Our results highlight the importance of use-wear and residue analysis to reconstruct prehistoric hunting activities. The functional interpretation of projectile points must also rely on microwear traces and not merely on the association with faunal remains, historical sources, and ethnographic comparisons.

The Sacred Profane: Distribution, Production, Use and Meaning of Objects Associated With Pilgrimage From Present-Day Denmark

ARTEFACTUAL FINDS ARE A SPECIAL and growing source of evidence for ritual behaviour in medieval daily life. They include items that relate to pilgrimage which are considered here. The increase in finds in recent decades in Denmark yields a more detailed picture of the role of these objects in their time than it has previously been possible to draw. This article presents the relevant data from the area of present-day Denmark with analyses of the range of finds, geographical distribution, travelling, signs of local manufacture, and the use and significance of such items. The employment of these objects is clearly more complex and bears the marks of greater continuity than thought hitherto. From their first appearance among the finds and in the sources in the 11th century to the end of the Middle Ages, they were attributed with intrinsic protective powers which could be introduced into various contexts to the benefit of the individual and of society. Throughout the period, artefacts relating to pilgrimage were multi-functional objects with innate power that derived from their origin, designs and symbolism. As practical objects for everyday ritual use, they were sometimes handled roughly which should be taken into consideration when interpreting find circumstances and secondary traces of wear.

Construction of a high-performance anti-corrosion and anti-wear coating based on the MXene@PTA-Zn(II): Electrochemical/tribological investigations

In this study, MXene was functionalized with poly (tannic acid) to prepare MXene@PTA nanosheets. Subsequently, zinc ions (Zn(II)) was introduced into the MXene@PTA to obtain MXene@PTA-Zn(II) hybrids. The successful preparation of the hybrids was confirmed by FTIR, XPS, and SPM analysis. The composite coatings containing MXene@PTA-Zn(II) were then prepared and subjected to tribology and electrochemical tests. The results of the tribology test showed that 4-PMZ/WEP coating (with 0.4 wt% MXene@PTA-Zn(II)) has a uniform and shallow wear trace after 30 min of friction, and its wear rate decreased by 85.29 % in comparison to the blank WEP coating. The electrochemical tests demonstrated 4-PMZ/WEP coating has excellent corrosion resistance, which maintains a high |Z0.01 Hz|(9.0 × 108 Ω·cm2) after 42 days of immersion in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. These findings indicate that MXene@PTA-Zn(II) can effectively enhance the anti-corrosion properties and tribological properties of WEP coatings. As a result, this work provides new ideas for applications of MXene in the domain of metal protection.