TracePro Software Research Articles

Long-range visible light communication system based on LED collimating lens

An advanced visible light communication (VLC) system is proposed for long-range VLC, such as marine communication. The design of the system is conducted into two parts. Firstly, we design and optimize a collimating lens for the optical antenna by using Taguchi method. The lighting effects and optical power of the receiving end in different distances are simulated by TracePro software. Then, the long-range VLC channel is reconstructed by integrating the influence of the atmospheric attenuation and frequency response. The performance of the OOK coding VLC system is tested by Matlab software. The results show that: the emitting angle of the optimized collimating lens is 1.7°. By using 1W LED and collimating lens as an optical antenna, the system can achieve a data rate of 210Mbit/s at a bit error rate of 10−3 in 90m.

Optical design of the Fresnel lens for LED-driven flashlight.

The Fresnel lens is composed of micrometer-sized v-groove structures that determine the maximum illuminance and brightness uniformity of LED-driven flashlights, which are used in high-quality photography. The fabrication quality of the microstructures and the accuracy of the geometrical curvature of the Fresnel lens affect the optical characteristics of the emitted light traveling through the lens, which in turn determines the maximum illuminance and brightness uniformity. This paper presents a systematic design procedure for fabricating the Fresnel lens and investigates the influence of geometrical design and fabrication process on optical performance. The optical analysis was performed using the commercial software TracePro. The results revealed that a small tip radius of the v-groove microstructure facilitates brightness uniformity. Furthermore, both the simulation and the experimental results revealed that Fresnel lenses fabricated through injection molding or injection compression molding have either errors of microstructure height more than 3%-6% or curvature errors higher than 6%, which would affect the optical performance, especially the brightness uniformity.

Analysis and calibration of precision for point source transmittance system

Owing to space optical system working for a long time outside the field of view, where there is strong background radiation, and the fact that the point source transmittance (PST) is an important evaluation indicator for stray light suppression of this optical system, the development of stray light equipment for testing PST has received more and more attention. Though the development of PST testing system has been extensively studied, none of them elaborate on the calibration of the PST testing system. Besides, most of the PST testing systems are at a laboratory research stage, and the calibration of neither testing stability nor accuracy is recognized. Therefore, on the basis of the PST testing system established, one calibration lens is designed to calibrate the PST testing system. By comparing the measured PST values of the calibration lens with the analyzed values, the PST testing system can be evaluated. The calibration lens model is built to analyze PST values at different off-axis angles by using the ray tracing software Tracepro. We consider the accuracy of modeling, and on the basis of simplifying the structure design, we measure bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) values of the painted surface of the calibration lens, and then estimate values of lens surface from Harvey-Shack model and PSD theory by taking these property data into the model of simulation. Ultimately PST analyzed values of calibration lens can be obtained. Finally, by comparing the measured values of calibration lens, which are tested by using PST testing system, with the analyzed values, the calibration of the PST testing system is completed. In the PST testing process of calibration lens, by analyzing the data at different off-axis angles, the accuracy of repeated measurements and threshold of PST testing system can be obtained. At the same time, testing errors caused by the stability of light source, detector linearity, air scattering and structure of double cylindrical chamber are analyzed through the testing data. The data show that when double cylindrical chamber clean class is ISO7, the PST threshold of this equipment is 10-8, and the accuracy of repeated measurements is 7.9%. Taking into account the detection capability, the PST threshold of this equipment is 10-10 when environmental condition is better than ISO6.

Optical analysis and performance evaluation of a solar parabolic dish concentrator

In this study, the optical design of a solar parabolic dish concentrator is presented. The parabolic dish concentrator consists from 11 curvilinear trapezoidal reflective petals made of polymethyl methacrylate with special reflective coating. The dish diameter is equal to 3.8 m and the theoretical focal point distance is 2.26 m. Numerical simulations are made with the commercial software TracePro from Lambda Research, USA, and the final optimum position between absorber and reflector was calculated to 2.075 m; lower than focus distance. This paper presents results for the optimum position and the optimum diameter of the receiver. The decision for selecting these parameters is based on the calculation of the total flux over the flat and corrugated pipe receiver surface; in its central region and in the peripheral region. The simulation results could be useful reference for designing and optimizing of solar parabolic dish concentrators as for as for CFD analysis, heat transfer and fluid flow analysis in corrugated spiral heat absorbers.

Ray Tracing Study of Optical Characteristics of the Solar Image in the Receiver for a Thermal Solar Parabolic Dish Collector

This study presents the geometric aspects of the focal image for a solar parabolic concentrator (SPC) using the ray tracing technique to establish parameters that allow the designation of the most suitable geometry for coupling the SPC to absorber-receiver. The efficient conversion of solar radiation into heat at these temperature levels requires a use of concentrating solar collectors. In this paper detailed optical design of the solar parabolic dish concentrator is presented. The system has diameter D=3800 mm and focal distance f=2260 mm. The parabolic dish of the solar system consists of 11 curvilinear trapezoidal reflective petals. For the construction of the solar collectors, mild steel-sheet and square pipe were used as the shell support for the reflecting surfaces. This paper presents optical simulations of the parabolic solar concentrator unit using the ray tracing software TracePro. The total flux on the receiver and the distribution of irradiance for absorbing flux on center and periphery receiver are given. The goal of this paper is to present the optical design of a low-tech solar concentrator that can be used as a potentially low cost tool for laboratory scale research on the medium-temperature thermal processes, cooling, industrial processes, polygeneration systems, and so forth.

Heat transfer and friction factor correlations for solar air collectors with hemispherical protrusion artificial roughness on the absorber plate

In order to improve the efficiency of solar air collectors, this paper presents a novel solar air collector with hemispherical protrusion/dimple on the absorber plate, and analyses the performance from the two aspects of optics and thermodynamics. For the purpose of enhancing the absorption rate, the optical path shinning on the dimple and protrusion artificial roughness was simulated by using TRACEPRO software. The optical path of hemispherical and the spherical cap dimple was simulated too. The conclusions show that the hemispherical dimple is the best in term of the optics. Then the heat transfer performance of the hemispherical protrusion (back of the dimple) was investigated by experiments. The investigation has covered Reynolds number (Re) ranging from 3000 to 11,000, relative roughness height (e/Dh) from 0.033 to 0.1and relative pitch (p/e) from 3.5 to 5.5. In order to determine the enhancement in heat transfer and increment in friction factor, values of Nusselt number and friction factor have been compared with those of smooth duct under similar flow conditions. Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor have been developed for solar air collector with such hemispherical protrusion artificial roughness, which can provide reference for the design of this kind of collector.

A Compact Infrared Gas Sensor Based on an Asymmetry Gas Cavity

Many gas molecules absorb electromagnetic radiation at characteristic wavelengths in the infrared region. This absorption can be used to identify defined substances like CO2, ammoniac, and so far. This study presents a comparative analysis of parameters of infrared radiation source and detector hardware that are most important for the creation of portable optical nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensors. One of the central issues in the design of this kind of sensors is the geometry of the sensor cell. In this paper we investigate an asymmetry sensor cavity and predict the performance using Tracepro software. Then, the CO2 sensor is made and tested.

Rayfiles including spectral and colorimetric information.

To obtain realistic results in lighting simulation software, realistic models of light sources are needed. A near-field model of a light source is accurate, and can be obtained by a near-field goniophotometer. This type of goniophotometer is conventionally equipped with a V(λ)-filter. However, the advent of new light sources with spatial- or angular color variations necessitates the inclusion of spectral information about the source. We demonstrate a method to include spectral information of a light source in ray tracing. We measured the relative angular variation of the spectrum of an OLED using a spectroradiometer mounted on a near-field goniophotometer. Principal component analysis (PCA) is exploited to reduce the amount of data that needs to be stored. Also a photometric ray file of the OLED was obtained. To construct a set of monochromatic ray files, the luminous flux in the original ray file is redistributed over a set of wavelengths and stored in separate ray files. The redistribution depends on the angle of emission and the spectral irradiance measured in that direction. These ray files are then inserted in ray tracing software TracePro. Using the OLED as a test source, the absolute spectral irradiance is calculated at an arbitrary position. The result is validated using a spectroradiometer to obtain the absolute spectral irradiance at that particular point. A good agreement between the simulated and measured absolute spectral irradiance is found. Furthermore, a set of tristimulus ray files is constructed and used in ray tracing software to generate a u'v'-color coordinate distribution on a surface. These values are in agreement with the color coordinate distribution found using the spectral ray files. Whenever spectral or color information is desired at a task area, the proposed method allows for a fast and efficient way to improve the accuracy of simulations using ray tracing.

球面反射式日冕仪实验装置的杂光分析和实验验证

This paper focuses on the imaging and stray light distribution levels of a Lyman alpha reflection coronagraph, and attempts to get a reliable stray light measurement method. A new sphere reflection coronagraph experimental device is designed and manufactured based on the design principles of coronagraphes to observe the corona radiation in Lyman alpha region when the sun is with a solar diameter (Rinfo/inf) of 1.3~2.5Rinfo/inf. The imaging resolution of the experimental device is measured. The results show that the spatial resolution of the system is 17.96 lp/mm, and in agreement with the design results. A coronagraph simulation model is established by using the Trace pro software, and the stray light distributions in the meridian direction are compared with the simulation model and the experimental device at a 0 field. By comparison, a Point Source Transmittance (PST) curve of the coronagraph experimental device is obtained, and the corresponding stray light of the device is 0.278. Moreover, the main source of stray light is also analyzed. , 2015, Chinese Academy of Sciences. All right reserved.

基于Taguchi方法的曲面LED阵列照度问题研究

In order to analyze the control factors of LED array illumination on the curved surface plate,some experiments were designed by using Taguchi method and simulated via Trace Pro software. Then,ANOVA theory was integrated to evaluate the influence of the control factors on the illumination,so that the control factors could be optimized efficiently. The experiment results show that the number of LEDs is the main influence on both illuminance uniformity( 81. 84%) and maximum illumination( 91. 58%). Furthermore,the best combination of the control factors can be obtained by adjusting the angle between the LED chips and the optical axis. This paper provides a theoretical basis to solve the illumination problem of the curved surface lighting.

基于Taguchi方法的曲面底板LED阵列重影问题研究

Multi-shadow is an important problem for the reading lamp. In order to analyze the control factors of the multi-shadow of LED array on the curved surface plate,some experiments were designed by applying Taguchi method and simulated via Trace Pro software. After that,ANOVA theory was integrated to evaluate the influence of the control factors to the illumination. So that the control factors can be optimized efficiently. The experiment results show that the number of LEDs is the main influence on multi-shadow( 50. 17%) and the optimum combination of minimum multi-shadow is 1. 19 mm. Furthermore,the best combination of the control factors can be obtained by adjusting the angle between the LED chips and the optical axis.

Research on Scales Reflecting Cup Based on Scheme Macro Language Programming

The increasing demand for energy, non-renewable energy storage on Earth drastic drop in the new energy is in exploring the application stage, humans had to find a way for existing energy saving. LED (Light Emitting Diode) as a fourth-generation light source and its high photoelectric conversion efficiency, environmental protection, long life, the application of many changes and other advantages of the various countries on the national lighting issues[1]. This paper researched scales reflecting cup and Scheme macro language programming briefly, explained the program about scales reflecting cup written by Scheme macro language and the process of using TracePro software to product model briefly, then compared with traditional reflecting cup and analyzed.

基于大功率LED扩展光源的均匀光斑光辐射模拟器设计

Based on principle of edge ray and etendue conservation ideas,the compound parabolic concentrator and freeform lens collimator were designed for high power Light Emitting Diode extended source.By using TracePro software for ray tracing simulation and experimental guidance,a light radiation simulator with uniform illumination output was developed.The divergence angle of simulator output light beam is measured as ±0.2rad.In the lightscreen of 50 cm distance the beam horizontal uniformity is measured better than 4.1%,and longitudinal uniformity better than 3.8%,within 14cm×14cm size illuminated area.

Study on the Optical Properties of Triangular Cavity Absorber for Parabolic Trough Solar Concentrator

A theoretical analytical method for optical properties of cavity absorber was proposed in this paper and the optical design software TracePro was used to analyze the optical properties of triangular cavity absorber. It was found that the optimal optical properties could be achieved with appropriate aperture width, depth-to-width ratio, and offset distance from focus of triangular cavity absorber. Based on the results of orthogonal experiment, the optimized triangular cavity absorber was designed. Results showed that the standard deviation of irradiance and optical efficiency of optimized designed cavity absorber were 30528 W/m2and 89.23%, respectively. Therefore, this study could offer some valuable references for designing the parabolic trough solar concentrator in the future.

Numerical study of light reflection absorption affected by sinusoidal-corrugated solar air collector

The influences on the absorption rate with different slope of incident light and aspect ratio are presented. The results show that the effect of aspect ratio on the absorption rate is larger, while the slope of incident light is relatively smaller. The results of the present work imply that the rational aspect ratio is 1. According to this conclusion, the optical path of sinusoidal-corrugated solar air collector with aspect ratio 0.5, 1 and 1.5 is simulated respectively by TRACEPRO software using. The conclusion is also verified by the simulations.

Sensing principle of fiber-optic curvature sensor

Abstract A novel fiber-optic sensor, which can measure curvature directly, has been developed in recent years. Its curvature measurement sensitivity is improved by a sensitive zone. To better understand the working principle and improve the performance of the sensor, the ray tracing simulation was carried out by using optical analysis software TracePro, which provides the sensing process for us. The results show that the rays will concentrate to the convex side of bent fiber. That is, the light intensity will increase at convex side and decrease at concave side, which leads to the changes of light leakage at sensitive zone and realizes the modulation to light intensity. The mathematic model of relationship among light loss, parameters of sensitive zone׳s configuration and bending curvature is presented.

绝对式光栅尺母尺刻划曝光系统

A general structure for two photolithographic heads based on Digital Micro-mirror Devices (DMDs) is proposed for simultaneously lithography of the double-track codes of an absolute optical encoder. The total optical system includes an exposure light source, an focusing light source, a DMD and a projective lens. The exposure light source mainly consists of a laser, a collimation lens, a 2D-micro-mirror array and a field lens. The exposure light source is designed by TracePro software, and the uniformity of the energy distribution is above 95% in the area of 14 mm10 mm. A confocal projective system at two wavebands (exposure source at 0.403-0.407 m and focusing source at 0.525-0.535 m) is designed by Zemax software, in which the exposure and focusing can be realized in real time with a dichroscope and a prism. The imaging quality of the projective lens reaches diffraction limit at exposure waveband and focusing waveband, and the maximum distortion is 0.009%. Compared with traditional grating lithography methods, the exposure optical system has advantages on simpler process, fast manufacturing and high precision. It can be used in manufacturing long and ultra-long metrological gratings.

Design of Diffuse Reflection Freeform Surface for Uniform Illumination

Indirect illumination with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and diffusers is widely applied in various fields that require uniform illumination. In this paper, a design of diffuse reflection freeform surface is proposed. Based on the Lambertian characteristic of LEDs and ideal diffuse surface, a mathematical model is developed. Nonlinear algebraic equations are established by redistributing the energy emitted from LEDs to the illuminated scene for uniform illumination. Solving these equations numerically, the outline of the diffuse surface is obtained. Finally, by using ray tracing software TracePro, the simulation result shows that the irradiance uniformity of the detection plane is above 95% with high accepted tolerance.

实现均匀照度光伏聚光镜设计

In order to meet the concentrative requirements of concentration photovoltaics system (CPVs) and resolve the traditional point focus concentrator's problems, including non-uniform irradiance, large aspect ratio and low concentration, a novel concentrator with small aspect ratio, uniform irradiance and high concentration is presented in this paper based on the precondition that no additional secondary optical element is increased. According to the theories of Kohler illuminating, constant optical path length, and Snell's law in geometric optics, we obtain the profiles of concentrator's surface through numerical solution of the constant optical path length equations. Using the optical software TracePro, we trace and simulate the CPVs. The results show that the maximum irradiance value of focal spots on the surface of solar cell is only 2300 times of the sun for the 725 concentration ratio, which is about 1/10 of the case of point focus concentrator. The aspect ratio of system is 0.3, and the acceptant angle is 0.72. The design realizes the objectives of compact structure and high concentrative performances, which provides an effective way for realizing the high concentration CPVs' miniaturization and simplification.

Optical bottle beam generated by a new type of light emitting diode lens

A new method for generating a single bottle beam directly by light emitting diode (LED) with a secondary optical lens is proposed for the first time, so far as we know. Firstly, in the aspect of geometrical optics, we analyze the principle of generation of a single bottle beam by the LED spot light with a secondary optical lens. Then, we calculate the expression of the length and the radius of the biggest dark region of the bottle beam. After that, a new type of a secondary optical lens is calculated numerically and simulated by numerical recipes software Matlab, three-dimensional modeling software Solidworks and optical simulation software Tracepro. Meanwhile, the minimum size of the bottle beam and the scattering force for trapping particles are calculated. The result shows that the designed secondary optical lens can produce a single bottle beam, the length and the radius of the biggest dark region of the generated bottle beam are in accordance with the theoretical calculations. This result offers a practical and available method for generating a bottle beam with light emitting diode at a low cost.