Traceability Research Articles

Analysis on the performance of aldosterone testing and the results of EQA in China

Objective To evaluate the performance of aldosterone testing in China through the External Quality Assessment (EQA) and improve the testing quality of aldosterone. Methods Two kinds of EQA program for aldosterone were carried out in China, one of which is Routine EQA and the other is Trueness verification scheme. Lyophilized sera with 5 concentration levels were used as quality control of Routine EQA. The results were grouped according to the instrument. Target values and the coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated in each group. Trueness verification scheme was verified by using frozen human sera of 3 concentration levels determined by the reference method, and the bias of each instrument group from the target value was calculated. Results 272 laboratories submitted the testing results, and 91.6% of laboratories used chemiluminescence method. The maximum CV was obtained by radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and the robust CVs were 14.6%-33.4% and 43.5%-53.9%, respectively. For chemiluminescence methods, the robust group CV was less than 10%. The results of the Trueness verification scheme showed that liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was the most accurate method, with biases of -7.9%, 8.9% and -0.7% for the three quality controls. Diasorin system had the more accurate results deviated from the target by 58.7%, 7.9% and -2.1%, respectively. The results of other chemiluminescence methods were negatively correlated with the sample concentration, and one of them with a bias of 479%. Conclusions The accuracy and comparability of aldosterone among laboratories in China are not satisfactory. Reagent manufacturers and laboratories should pay more attention to EQA, with the aldosterone results traceable to SI unit, and improve the test quality of aldosterone. Key words: Aldosterone; Quality control; Reference standards

Exploration on the emergency support mode of hospital medical supplies under the epidemic of NCP/ 中华医院管理杂志

Since the outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(NCP), hospitals have taken the fight against the virus as its own responsibility, and keep standing in the front line of epidemic prevention and control. The continuous input of anti-epidemic forces in hospitals also brings challenges to the medical supplies support, including the management of protective supplies and the maintenance of medical equipment. In the face of increasing security pressure, the medical materials support team broke the game on multiple fronts. Firstly, the team implements active material procurement strategy, sets material distribution priority according to risk level, releases materials uniformly based on stock and use, and implements traceability management of donated materials to ensure material supply. Secondly, centralized allocation management of equipment, emergency installation, advanced maintenance and emergency maintenance work is effectively completed. Thirdly, disinfection strategies for items and equipment are developed safely and effectively with the aid of disinfection equipment functions. At last, personnel management and training have been strengthened. These measures have provided strong support for the orderly prevention and control of the epidemic. Key words: clinical medical engineering; New crown pneumonia; Medical material support; Medical equipment maintenance

The application of privacy protection and artificial intelligence technology in the information auxiliary system of the prevention and control of COVID-19/ 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective The outbreak of novel coronavirus raised many problems in the auxiliary information system of epidemic prevention and control, which including the need to prevent key data from being illegal modification, traceability, lack of decision support systems at different levels, barriers to cross regional cooperation and low automation of case diagnosis. Methods In this paper, artificial intelligence, security computing supporting privacy protection, block chain and other emerging technologies are introduced into the epidemic prevention and control auxiliary information system. Results This paper discusses how to utilize modern cryptography and block chain technology to establish a traceability system that could assure the security of epidemic information; design a distributed decision support system; solve the privacy-preserving problems of Federated Learning based on SGX technology, and present a group architecture to alleviate the performance cost of SGX. Conclusions The schemes above can help to achieve the security and traceability of epidemic information, also improve the automation and decision-making efficiency of the auxiliary information system for epidemic prevention and control. Key words: Epidemic prevention and control; Privacy protection; Block chain; Artificial intelligence; Decision Support

Dual Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and Respiratory Chain Complex Induces Apoptosis by a Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent Organic Arsenical in vitro and in vivo.

Based on the potential therapeutic value in targeting mitochondria and the fluorophore tracing ability, a fluorescent mitochondria-targeted organic arsenical PDT-PAO-F16 was fabricated, which not only visualized the cellular distribution, but also exerted anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo via targeting pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) and respiratory chain complexes in mitochondria. In details, PDT-PAO-F16 mainly accumulated into mitochondria within hours and suppressed the activity of PDHC resulting in the inhibition of ATP synthesis and thermogenesis disorder. Moreover, the suppression of respiratory chain complex I and IV accelerated the mitochondrial dysfunction leading to caspase family-dependent apoptosis. In vivo, the acute promyelocytic leukemia was greatly alleviated in the PDT-PAO-F16 treated group in APL mice model. Our results demonstrated the organic arsenical precursor with fluorescence imaging and target-anticancer efficacy is a promising anticancer drug.

The challenges of investigating antimicrobial resistance in Vietnam - what benefits does a One Health approach offer the animal and human health sectors?

BackgroundThe One Health concept promotes the enhancement of human, animal and ecosystem health through multi-sectorial governance support and policies to combat health security threats. In Vietnam, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal and human health settings poses a significant threat, but one that could be minimised by adopting a One Health approach to AMR surveillance. To advance understanding of the willingness and abilities of the human and animal health sectors to undertake investigations of AMR with a One Health approach, we explored the perceptions and experiences of those tasked with investigating AMR in Vietnam, and the benefits a multi-sectorial approach offers.MethodsThis study used qualitative methodology to provide key informants’ perspectives from the animal and human health sectors. Two scenarios of food-borne AMR bacteria found within the pork value chain were used as case studies to investigate challenges and opportunities for improving collaboration across different stakeholders and to understand benefits offered by a One Health approach surveillance system. Fifteen semi-structured interviews with 11 participants from the animal and six from the human health sectors at the central level in Hanoi and the provincial level in Thai Nguyen were conducted.ResultsEight themes emerged from the transcripts of the interviews. From the participants perspectives on the benefits of a One Health approach: (1) Communication and multi-sectorial collaboration; (2) Building comprehensive knowledge; (3) Improving likelihood of success. Five themes emerged from participants views of the challenges to investigate AMR: (4) Diagnostic capacity; (5) Availability and access to antibiotics (6) Tracing ability within the Vietnamese food chain; (7) Personal benefits and (8) Managing the system.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that there is potential to strengthen multi-sectorial collaboration between the animal and human health sectors by building upon existing informal networks. Based on these results, we recommend an inclusive approach to multi-sectorial communication supported by government network activities to facilitate partnerships and create cross-disciplinary awareness and participation. The themes relating to diagnostic capacity show that both sectors are facing challenges to undertake investigations in AMR. Our results indicate that the need to strengthen the animal health sector is more pronounced.

КОМПЬЮТЕРНО-ТОМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИЯ ВТОРИЧНОЙ БАКТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ПНЕВМОНИИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИЕЙ (COVID-19)

Purpose To determine computed tomography diagnostic criteria for early identification of bacterial infection complicating SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia, to provide detection and timely treat the secondary bacterial lung complications in patients with COVID-19 infection Materials and methods This study was designed as a retrospective cohort clinical trial The total of 58 patients was enrolled All of them had received medical treatment in Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Moscow from 01 03 2020 to 15 06 2020 due to the SARS-CoV-2 infection The cohort was subdivided into two groups that included 26 and 32 patients, respectively In the first group (n = 26) was made based on clinical course of the disease and laboratory findings, the secondary bacterial infection on top of the preexisting viral lesions was detect and treated The patients that showed no clinical or laboratory signs of secondary infection (n = 32) were included in the second control group All of the radiographic (CT) findings in both groups were listed and subsequently thoroughly analyzed by means of statistics Results The most informative CT features of associated secondary bacterial pneumonia in our study were: areas of consolidation corresponding to the segmental structure of the lungs;the border of consolidation, mostly following the interlobar pleura;consolidation that occurs during the last 5-7 days in the area with unchanged parenchyma on initial scan It was also noted specific subtype of air bronchogram, which included easily traceable bronchi from central areas to periphery Conclusion Computed tomography can be efficiently used with clinical and laboratory criteria to determine the secondary bacterial infection complicating SARS-CoV-2 viral pneumonia

Benefit risk and cost ratios in sustainable food and health policy: Changing and challenging trajectories.

There is benefit, risk and cost in all that we do, but when it comes to food, we expect that it will benefit our health, be available, safe to eat and affordable. But as climate change and demographic shifts through displacement and ageing gather momentum, the emphases on each of benefit, risk and cost will alter. That we are ecological beings whose health and wellbeing are ecosystem-dependent, must now be the underpinning framework for risk management. Loss of natural environment and biodiversity represents reduced nutritional and health resilience, which will need to be factored in to risk assessment and management with climate change. This is proving a problematic risk communication challenge. Previously desirable food and food pattern recommendations will be tempered by substantial sustainability, availability, safety, affordability, equity and ethical considerations. Future workforces will need to ensure basic livelihoods (food, water, shelter, clothing, healthcare, education, communication, essential transport, resource management and effective governance) and with risk minimisation. Cost appraisal will have less to do with monetisation and more to do with resource management in accordance with equity and ethical principles. Communities could adopt Liveability Units (LU) for traceability and community-based transactions, as a currency for a more sustainable future, encouraging and enabling food and health system viability. Open source food and health systems, supported by LU matrix (bar code or QR) scanning with smartphones could be widely available for individual, household and community benefit, risk and cost management. The risk is remoteness from food's origins and megadata commercialisation.

Improving End-to-End Single-Channel Multi-Talker Speech Recognition

Although significant progress has been made in single-talker automatic speech recognition (ASR), there is still a large performance gap between multi-talker and single-talker speech recognition systems. In this article, we propose an enhanced end-to-end monaural multi-talker ASR architecture and training strategy to recognize the overlapped speech. The single-talker end-to-end model is extended to a multi-talker architecture with permutation invariant training (PIT). Several methods are designed to enhance the system performance, including speaker parallel attention, scheduled sampling, curriculum learning and knowledge distillation. More specifically, the speaker parallel attention extends the basic single shared attention module into multiple attention modules for each speaker, which can enhance the tracing and separation ability. Then the scheduled sampling and curriculum learning are proposed to make the model better optimized. Finally the knowledge distillation transfers the knowledge from an original single-speaker model to the current multi-speaker model in the proposed end-to-end multi-talker ASR structure. Our proposed architectures are evaluated and compared on the artificially mixed speech datasets generated from the WSJ0 reading corpus. The experiments demonstrate that our proposed architectures can significantly improve the multi-talker mixed speech recognition. The final system obtains more than 15% relative performance gains in both character error rate (CER) and word error rate (WER) compared to the basic end-to-end multi-talker ASR system.

Optimize the Management and Effectiveness of Orthopedic Spare Loaner Instrumentation and Implants in Central Sterile Supply Department

Objective: Loaner Instrumentation due to various comprehensive factors, the equipment often can not be delivered to the disinfection supply center according to the prescribed time, which not only affects the handling quality of the equipment, but also affects the timely supply andusage of the equipment. The study aims to explore the managing method of orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants in Central Sterile Supply Department of the hospital (hereinafter referred to as CSSD). Methods: 418 orthopedic operations use orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants in 2018 were selected as per-implementation. The routine methods were used to manage the orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants. 437 orthopedic operations use orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants in 2019 were selected as the implementation. Using the optimized method to manage the orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants is to compare the changes of timely supply rate, double closed loop management execution rate and doctor satisfaction before and after the implementation of orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants in our hospital. Results: After the implementation of optimized management measures, the timely supply rate of orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants reached 100%; the implementation rate of double closed-loop management increased from 69.86% to 100%; and the doctor satisfaction increased from 77.78% to 97.22%. Conclusion: By optimizing the management measures of orthopedic spare loaner instrumentation and implants, we can improve the timely supply rate, achieve the whole process trace ability and improve the doctor's satisfaction, further improve the safety of the instruments, reduce the surgical infection, and ensure the safety of patients.

From self-talk to grammar. The emergence of multiple paradigms from self-quoted questions in Korean

Abstract – Korean has a large inventory of sentence-final particles and connectives whose origins are ultimately traceable to quotative constructions. Certain self-quoted questions which appear in the form of a direct quote, i.e. those without any linkers to the host clause, developed into modal markers in conjunction with adjacent verbs in the main clause, thus becoming far removed from their original quotative function. Most of these modal markers also began to develop into clausal connectives simply by having their collocational sentence enders replaced with connectives. In a more dramatic fashion, the self-quoted questions formed a paradigm of connectives, dramatic in that they appear in bare form with no host verbs. The question markers were structurally reinterpreted as connectives and acquired functions from pragmatic inference in relation to a context. This development is largely due to the role of discursive strategies and also involves functional change, attributable to analogy. The development of these constructions triggered the development of multiple forms in other paradigms through analogy by virtue of their semantic and morphosyntactic resemblances. These constructions grammaticalized into grammatical markers in the semantic domains of evidentiality, epistemicity and emotional stance, such as inferential evidentiality, speaker’s tentativeness in volition, evaluation of states of affairs, apprehensive emotion, etc., as well as the more discursive functions of dramatizing a narrative or engaging the audience by means of feigned interactivity, i.e. posing self-raised questions and volunteering answers to these. This paper analyzes the grammaticalization processes based on the data taken from a historical corpus.

Selective viable cell discrimination by a conjugated polymer featuring aggregation-induced emission characteristic

Detection and discrimination viable cells with high selectivity are critically important in monitoring cell activity to provide key information on therapeutic efficacy. In this work, a tetraphenylethene-based conjugated polymer featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristic was designed and synthesized, which could be used to selectively discriminate viable cells from apoptotical cells, dead cells and pathogens. Thanks to its synergistic effect and high molecular weight, the polymer shows unique advantages over low-mass organic probes, such as better biocompatibility, higher selectivity and stronger tracing ability. Moreover, we figured out that the negatively charged side-chain of the conjugated polymer and the endocytosis process both play crucial roles in this selective discrimination behavior, making this probe a powerful tool for guiding precise cancer therapy.

The development of the standards of the EPR-spectrum using the quartz monocrystal the morion

The results of the development of the standard of the EPR-spectrum are represented. This standard is used for determination of EPR-spectrometer resolution. This standard can be used as a work standard, providing traceability to the State primary standard.

Molecular typing, virulence genes and drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium in Longyan city

Objective To analyze the molecular typing characteristics by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), drug resistance and virulence genes of Salmonella typhimurium in Longyan city in order to provide reference for the prevention and control. Methods A total of 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains were isolated from sporadic cases of diarrhea and food poisoning and raw poultry meat samples during 2010 to 2017. PFGE was performed to measure the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 15 commonly used drugs against them. PCR was used to detect nine virulence genes (sopB, invA, sifA, sscA, sseE, spvB, pefA, spvR, spvC) in 55 strains. Results The 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonged to 61 PFGE types. There were 10, three and four strains of P1, P3 and P21 types, respectively. Seven P1 type strains were isolate from one food poisoning event. According to the 85% classification standard, 79 Salmonella typhimurium strains could be divided into five predominant gene clusters (G1-G5). Drug susceptibility test showed that the 79 strains had the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (88.61%), followed by that to tetracycline (87.34%) and streptomycin (73.41%). Multidrug resistant bacteria resistant to three or more antibacterial drugs accounted for 84.81% (67/79). All of the 55 strains carried invA, sopB, sseE and sscA genes. The other five genes, sifA, spvC, spvB, spvR and pefA, were detected in 54, 31. 10, 11 and 12 strains, respectively. There were 76.4% (42/55) of the strains carrying five or six virulence genes and all were positive for invA, sopB, sseE, sscA and sifA, and negative for spvB, spvR and pefA. The strains carrying all of the nine virulence genes accounted for 18.2% (10/55). Conclusions Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in Longyan city had a diverse PFGE type. P1, P3 and P21 types were the three predominant PFGE types. In the food poisoning event, PFGE molecular typing could quickly alert the outbreak and traceability of Salmonella typhimurium. Attention should be paid to the multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Monitoring of multidrug-resistant strains and supervision on antibacterial drug usage should be strengthened. Salmonella typhimurium had high virulence as it carried many virulence genes. Key words: Salmonella typhimurium; PFGE molecular typing; Cluster analysis; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Multidrug resistance; Virulence gene; Salmonella virulence island; Salmonella plasmid virulence gene

EXTRATERRITORIALIDADE, AMBIENTE E PESCA INN NO DIREITO DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA

A União Europeia recorre amiúde, no plano de problemas transnacionais do foro ambiental, a mecanismos unilaterais que estendem o seu poder regulatório para lá do espaço comunitário, numa manifestação do seu poder regulatório global. Pese embora a bondade aparente do objectivo final de protecção ambiental e dos recursos comuns, como os ictiológicos, nem sempre as soluções encontradas se assemelham pacíficas, justas, eficazes e eficientes, suscitando a dúvida em torno da benignidade da extraterritorialidade e de um activismo ambiental europeu. Dessarte, abordar-se-ão os exemplos mais significativos de actuação extraterritorial verde da União Europeia e as suas principais lições, para depois avançar para a problemática específica da insustentabilidade das pescas, em particular da pesca INN, que encontra respostas em ferramentas comerciais, de certificação de captura e de rastreabilidade, numa teia unilateral complexa que suscita dúvidas quanto ao seu mérito e alcance global.

Establishment and application of an isotope dilution chromatography tandem mass spectrometry reference method for Hcy quantification

Objective To establish a reference measurement procedure for the determination of human serum homocysteine by isotope dilution high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS), and to apply it to establish sample target values for external quality assessment (EQA) in clinical laboratories. Methods The reference method of Hcyquantification in our laboratory was establishedaccording to the method recommended by the Joint Committee for Traceability in Laboratory Medicine (JCTLM). The precision, trueness, specificity, residue and matrix effect of the method were evaluated. The reference method was applied to establish Hcy target values for samples of the second EQA in Shanghai of 2018. Results The method detects 12.5μmol/L and 37.4μmol/L samples in three batches in three days, and the CV between batches is 1.03% and 2.10%, respectively. The measured values of Standard reference material (SRM) 1955 of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) were within the specified uncertainty range. No matrix effect and carryover were observed. The second EQA data in 2018 showed that the average value of domestic reagent group was lower than that of reference method, and that of imported reagent group was higher than that of reference method. Conclusion Thereference measurement procedure of ID-LC/MS/MS was successfully established to determine the human serum homocysteine. It is expected to play a role in tracing the quantities of Hcy in clinical laboratories. Key words: Homocysteine; Chromatography, liquid; Tandem mass spectrometry; Reference values; Reference standards

Enzyme-Responsive Copolymer as a Theranostic Prodrug for Tumor In Vivo Imaging and Efficient Chemotherapy.

With the advance in nanomedicine, diagnostic and therapeutic nanoscale prodrugs have been rapidly developed in the field of cancer treatment. In this study, we constructed an enzyme-responsive polymer-paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug with a biocompatible saccharide-containing polymer backbone through the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A near-infrared fluorescent molecule (pheophorbide a) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (gadolinium-tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid) were further conjugated onto the copolymer backbone to impart the ability of multimode imaging and tracing, forming the final diagnosis and treatment polymeric prodrug. This prodrug was amphiphilic and was able to self-assemble into uniform-size nanoparticles (80.1 nm). With the specific catalysis of enzymes, the anti-cancer drug, PTX, in the nanoparticles could be effectively released to kill cancer cells. The results of near-infrared fluorescence imaging and MRI showed that the diagnostic prodrug was preferentially concentrated at the tumor site compared with the free imaging reagents, suggesting improved and durable tumor imaging effects, which are beneficial for precise cancer diagnosis. The tumor growth in the mice could be effectively retarded after the administration of the prodrug. The tumor almost completely disappeared till the final treatment, and the tumor inhibition rate was as high as 96.4%. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the high anti-tumor effects might be attributed to the result that the prodrug not only induced the apoptosis of tumor cells, but also inhibited the formation of new blood vessels in the tumor environment. Therefore, this theranostic prodrug, which is based on the saccharide-containing polymer, holds potency for the development of a robust nanoscale platform for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Assessment of Traceability Implementation of a Cross-Institutional Secure Data Collection System Based on Distributed Standardized EMR Storage.

This paper presents results concerning the traceability of a secure data collection infrastructure based on the Bloom Filter involving standardized electronic medical record (EMR) storage. The objective of this infrastructure is to facilitate rapid secondary use of exported EMR data in cross-patient or cross-institutional analyses based on the Standardized Structured Medical Information eXchange (SS-MIX), Japan's domestic standard for EMR export. Secondary use of EMR data should be based on the principle of patient consent. Therefore, securing the traceability of patient EMR data is important for achieving reliable data collection systems for secondary use. Blockchain is a strong candidate, and we evaluated its performance using several implementations. As shown by the evaluation, it is difficult to realize the method of recording the query history of secondary use on the blockchain. We thus propose a method for recording index information of distributed log data.

Cardiac Tissue Engineering as Use Case to Connect Biomedical Research Laboratories to an Emerging Global Data Infrastructure.

Methods for cardiac tissue engineering and application in experiments are core technologies developed at the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology in Göttingen. As is the case in many academic research laboratories data capture and documentation may be improved to latest methods of digital research. A comprehensive information system infrastructure is the foundation of further advances toward automation of lab processes. A data management system concept is proposed and prototypically deployed that enables traceability of assets within the lab and reproducibility of published assays and results. The prototype integrates existing electronic lab notebook, experiment result database, and a newly introduced research data management system by means of a custom developed portal and integration component. The architecture concept and developed integration tools explore connection of routine experimental work in a biomedical research lab to a universal infrastructure of data.

Is Local Better? Consumer Value in Food Purchasing and the Role of Short Food Supply Chains

This paper investigates the current research on how consumers select the foods they buy and how they define ‘quality’. Consumer decisions are complex and whilst a few consumers prioritise local above all other factors when selecting food, for most local is simply one of multiple factors which influence the food choices they make. Short Food Chains are not necessarily local but are based on supply chains with fewer steps in the chain from producer to consumer. Short Food Chains ensure that more of the value of the food is returned to producers and allows consumers to have a more direct connection to where and how their food was produced. Short Food Chains tend to exhibit features which consumers increasingly value, whether these be traceability and provenance, organic, familiarity, tradition or a connection to a specific place and culture. These strengths of Short Food Chains suggest that there is real potential to see major growth in this sector in the coming decade. As Kotler observed, you have to sell to the pocket, the heart and the soul and, in the food sector, embracing Short Food Chains can help producers to do this.

Comparison of ID-LC-MS/MS and two CLIAs in measuring plasma aldosterone

Objective Accurate measurement of aldosterone is critical in the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. We compared the harmonization of three assays including isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) and two chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs: system A and system B) for the aldosterone measurement. Methods A total of 45 plasma samples, 4 quality control materials, 5 lyophilized bovine serums, and 3 fresh frozen human serum pools were measured by three assays respectively. Based on CLSI EP15-A3 rule, the precision was assessed by coefficient of variance. Deming regression and Bland & Altman plots was performed for method comparison, and correlation coefficient was calculated for concordance (CCC). Results All three methods met the performance criteria based on desirable biological variation for precision (<7.35%). System A showed a relevantly good correlation and comparability with ID-LC/MS/MS (R2=0.985, CCC=0.967), while System B showed relevantly bad correlations and comparability with both System A (R2=0.538, CCC=0.605) and ID-LC/MS/MS (R2=0.547, CCC=0.528).. However, the average relevant bias of two CLIAs exceeded the bias requirement derived from biological variation (18.60%). Conclusion Significant differences were found in the measurement of plasma aldosterone using ID-LC-MS/MS and two CLIAs, which urges the establishment of traceability hierarchy and improvement of reagents' specificity for standardization of aldosterone measurement in clinical settings. Key words: Aldosterone; Luminescence; Immunoassay; Chromatography, liquid; Tandem mass spectrometry