Toys For Children Research Articles

Incidence of foreign bodies in quaternary hospital patients

Foreign bodies in the ENT area are very common, in our experience, in low-income countries, for several reasons, including a lack of appropriate and suitable toys for children. The study aims to determine the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients assisted in the ENT Service with an initial diagnosis of FB, during the period 2007-2011. A descriptive, retrospective study, which goes through a collection and analysis of the data available in several registry books of patients with foreign bodies consecutively in 5 years. Results: In this study, it was observed a total of 2615 patients with foreign bodies. Most cases occur from August to November. At the end of the week, fewer cases were observed. Most of the patients were male. The most frequent complaint of patients with foreign bodies in this study was dysphagia. Metals were the most found foreign bodies and most of them were found in the esophagus. This study presents a compilation encompassing a relatively long period, constituting an important source of information on the subject. On the other hand, if we take into account the evidence of this study and the existing evidence in the literature, we can draw some conclusions that can be useful in defining prevention and control strategies of incidents by foreign bodies in natural orifices of the head and neck.

Detection of fungi in fabric toys for immunocompromised children: an experimental study

Detection of fungi in fabric toys for immunocompromised children: an experimental study

PERANCANGAN START UP DIGITAL ENT BABY EQUIPMENT AND TOYS RENTAL DENGAN METODE USER DESIGN CENTER

The digital start-up ENT Baby Equipment and Toys Rental was founded with the aim of meeting families' needs for baby equipment and various toys that can be rented for a certain period of time. Because the use of equipment, equipment and toys for babies and children is relatively short and not everyone can afford it, this rental service is very helpful for those who have limited funds. ENT can be accessed via the ENT Mobile Apps application online with the aim of making it easier for consumers to choose the items they want to rent without having to come directly to the equipment rental place. ENT is affiliated with several trusted and registered baby equipment and toy rental partners. In this way, ENT will bridge between consumers and rental partners for baby equipment and children's toys. The design method uses the User Center Design method, while the business process analysis uses the SWOT method and needs analysis uses the TELOS analysis method. Based on Usability Testing using the Usability Heuristic method approach, the average indicator assessment was 86%. This shows that the ENT digital start-up application gives an intuitive and user-friendly impression so that it can be accepted and easy to understand by users.

Moral Engagement in Design: Five Considerations for Unpacking the Ethical Dimensions of Design Methods

Abstract What society experiences today as morally questionable design—from gendered toys for children to public benches that prevent sleeping—can be considered the aftermath of an underdeveloped foundation for systematic ethical reflection in design methodologies. Although designing is an inherently moral activity, research on how to recognize and handle ethical questions and moral dilemmas in early (conceptual) design activities is scarce. In this article, we use an interdisciplinary lens to analyze and respond to the challenges of bridging moral psychology, ethics of technology, and design methodologies. For this, we introduce the concept of moral engagement in design, which is inspired by Moral Disengagement Theory. Finally, we propose five preliminary considerations for enacting moral engagement in design practices. These considerations form an interdisciplinary bridge to help us reflect on the moral dimensions of methodological choices in conceptual design practices.

Defining greener, healthier and more sustainable toys: A case study of L.O.L. Surprise!

This study aims at reflecting on the potential risks of plastic toys for children's health and the environment, from an interdisciplinary approach. At the same time, it aims at contributing with a definition of greener, healthier and more sustainable toys that offer opportunities and alternatives to promote educational, humane, ecological, safer, and healthier play, designed to be benign or free from material or immaterial risks. This is achieved by adopting the main characteristics of Sustainable Chemistry and Critical Education and through the case study of the “L.O.L. Surprise! doll and its plastic world”. The study critically examines the L.O.L. Surprise! doll, encapsulated in layers of plastic and heavily marketed, and shows how its design and promotion are in stark contrast to the principles of greener, healthier and more sustainable toys.

Joystick-Operated Ride-On Toy Navigation Training for Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study.

Children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) require intensive task-oriented training to make meaningful gains in affected upper extremity (UE) motor function. To evaluate the acceptability and utility of single joystick-operated ride-on toy (ROT) navigation training incorporated into a modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) camp for children with HCP. Single group pretest-posttest design. Three-wk structured CIMT camp. Eleven children with HCP between ages 3 and 14 yr. Children received group-based CIMT for 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, for 3 wk. As part of camp activities, children also received ROT navigation training for 20 to 30 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 3 wk. We assessed children's acceptance of ROT training by monitoring adherence and evaluating child engagement (affect and attention) during training sessions. The effects of ROT training combined with other camp activities on children's affected UE motor function were also assessed with the standardized Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) and training-specific measures of ROT maneuvering accuracy. Children demonstrated high levels of training adherence, positive affect, and task-appropriate attention across weeks. Positive engagement during ROT sessions was correlated with independent navigation. We also found medium- to large-sized improvements in QUEST scores and toy-maneuvering capabilities after the combined program. Our pilot data support the use of joystick-operated ROTs as child-friendly therapy adjuncts that can be incorporated into intensive UE training programs to improve adherence and motivation in therapy programs, boost treatment dosing, and promote affected UE motor function in children with HCP. Plain-Language Summary: This pilot study offers promising evidence that supports the use of modified single joystick-operated ride-on toys (ROTs) for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). The study used ROTs as one of several interventions that were part of a constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) camp program for children with HCP. The ROTs boosted children's motivation, their engagement with and adherence to training, and their practice in using their affected upper extremity (UE) for goal-directed activities in their natural settings. ROTs are accessible, age-appropriate, and easy-to-use devices for both occupational therapy clinicians and families to encourage children to use their affected UEs by challenging their perceptual, motor-planning, problem-solving, and movement-control skills in an enjoyable and engaging way. ROTs can be used within and outside conventional rehabilitation settings.

HISTORY OF FORMATION AND CONTRIBUTION OF CARITAS PHU CUONG IN THE FIELD OF CHARITY TO BINH DUONG PROVINCE

This paper presents the history of Caritas Phu Cuong as a charity and social organization that plays an important role in helping the poor and disabled people of Binh Dương province. In addition, the study also analyze the role and contributions of Caritas Phu Cuong in the field of charity for Binh Duong province in the following aspects: medical examination and medicine distribution for the poor people; life protection program; taking care of lonely elderly people; support people with disabilities to integrate into the community; build a library of books and toys for children; organize compassion classes for children of workers in difficult circumstances; bright path scholarship (Slovakia); environmental protection and human trafficking prevention programs. Finally, the article will discuss the role, functions and scope of activities of Caritas Phu Cuong in different historical periods to adapt to the changes in the socio-political context of Vietnam.

THE FIELD APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION AND EXAMINATION OF SEMANTIC GROUPS OF LANGUAGE UNITS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE GROUP “TOYS FOR CHILDREN” IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE)

Statement of the problem. The article considers various criteria for identifying groupings of linguistic units and the possibility of attributing a particular grouping to a certain type of semantic association of linguistic units. The objectives of the research are to describe the methods and the process of identifying semantic groupings of linguistic units, taking into account their various characteristics; to use the field method for identifying and describing the semantic field (SF) “Toys for children” in the English language and to define its boundaries. Results. The types of field structures and criteria for their differentiation are given. The methods of distinguishing lexical groupings and the fundamentals of the field theory are listed. The criteria to attribute the grouping of linguistic units naming children's toys to the semantic field are given. Dictionaries and websites of British and American stores containing catalogs of toys, as well as online platforms for the sale of children's toys serve as the sources of the research material. The quantity and quality of the material makes it possible to identify the SF “Toys for children" and define its boundaries. Conclusion. The group of English-language units “Toys for children” is one of the groupings that is dynamically replenished and updated as a result of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The linguistic factors of the grouping growth include the detailing of toy names (doll: fashion doll, paddle doll, Matryoshka doll), the appearance of synonyms (Matryoshka doll, stacking dolls, nesting dolls, Russian tea dolls, Russian dolls), hyponyms and hyperonyms (vehicle: truck, car, bulldozer, tractor). The SF “Toys for children" is an open grouping as a result of its constant replenishment with new units (Aquabeads, Nerf blaster, glowpad, Magna Doodle, Neocube, Orbeez, flashlight projector.).

Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used to produce various consumer goods, including food packaging, toys for children, building materials, and cosmetic products. However, despite their widespread use, phthalate plasticizers have been identified as endocrine disruptors, which cause adverse health effects, thus leading to increasing concerns regarding their migration from PVC products to the environment. This study proposed a method for rapidly measuring the migration of phthalates, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from PVC products to commonly encountered liquids. The release of DEHP under various conditions, including exposure to aqueous and organic solvents, different temperatures, and household microwaves, was investigated. The amount of DEHP released from both laboratory-produced PVC films and commercially available PVC products was measured to elucidate the potential risks associated with its real-world applications. Furthermore, tests were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity using estrogen-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines. The results revealed a dose-dependent impact on estrogen-dependent cells, thus emphasizing the potential health implications of phthalate release. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the migration patterns of DEHP from PVC products and forms a basis for further research on the safety of PVC and plasticizers.

Implementation of Interactive Books Based on Local Wisdom and STEAM as Creative Learning in Islamic Early Childhood Education

<p><em>This research aims to investigate the implementation of interactive books based on local wisdom and STEAM as a creative learning tool in Islamic Early Childhood Education, through a case study method. The study was conducted at KB-TA Amanah Bunda Lawang, Malang, focusing on the local wisdom of East Javanese language and the theme of creating traditional toys for children. Data were obtained through observations, where 80% of the students were observed learning through interactive books using the STEAM approach, and 90% of the students actively engaged in creating loose part toys after the book was read. Furthermore, feedback from the students and teachers indicated that there is a need to synchronize the illustrations and text in the STEAM interactive book. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and further development needs regarding the implementation of interactive books based on local wisdom and STEAM in KB-TA Amanah Bunda Lawang. The research recommendations include the development of more visually integrated and culturally relevant STEAM interactive books, as well as the use of teaching methods that support children's creativity and active participation.</em></p>

Pengadaan Bazar Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Menengah (UMKM) Di Desa Sindon

UMKM are productive businesses owned by individuals and/or individual business entities that meet the criteria for micro businesses as regulated in law. The government supports UMKM with programs as an effort to improve community welfare. The government's efforts to improve community welfare are through the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program supporting UMKM. The Sindon Bazaar is a forum for Sindon Village UMKM which was formed by the Sindon Gemah Abundant KKN Committee Team (SGM). This bazaar was held according to the needs and potential of the community in Sindon Village. The management of the Sindon Bazaar consists of the SGM KKN Committee Team assisted by the youth of the local Dukuh Youth Organization. In the Sindon Bazaar, there are many UMKM selling various foods, drinks and toys for children. The results of the implementation of the bazaar that have been achieved include increasing the income of the UMKM community who participated in the bazaar, where what was usually empty of consumers became busy with consumers and the level of sales increased, as well as helping the people of Sindon Village to innovate and hone their skills as a new business opportunity

Visual monitoring of lead exposure in children’s daily activities with an AuNP-based indicator

Lead exposure causes great harm to the growth and development of infants. A simple and fast approach that can be conveniently used at home is thus needed for parents to screen the potential lead sources in their children’s daily activities. Here, we developed a simple, fast, and sensitive gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-based indicator for colorimetric Pb2+ detection. The method rationale was based on the higher affinity of Pb2+ to T30695 DNA over thioflavin T (ThT), as well as the stable and fast charge neutralization-induced assembly of AuNPs by ThT. To facilitate in-home monitoring, we arranged the reagents (AuNPs, DNA, ThT, and the buffer) and the required facilities (microplate and pipe) into a kit. Besides, the color change of the indicator AuNPs was monitored with a cell phone camera and processed with a self-developed APP. For samples closely related to children's daily activities, Pb2+ was successfully detected in saliva, sweat (simulated) and stomach fluid (simulated) extractions of water bottles, small benches, cushions, paint, lipstick, building blocks and toys. Therefore, continuous efforts are required for a lead-free life and such a kit can help the screening of lead-leaking clothing, food, shelter and toys for children.

TWO SIZES TOO SMALL: TWO CATEGORIES OF MINIATURE POTTERY IN MINOAN CRETE

Often assumed to be ritual votives or toys for children, miniature ceramic vessels in the Bronze Age Aegean have been afforded little thorough study. Their presence at peak sanctuaries, sacred caves and shrines on Crete has led to their uncritical association with ritual activity, even outside of sacred areas. When miniature pots are found in domestic spaces, they are often dismissed as objects of household ritual or simple toys. Yet miniature vessels, diverse in form and context, are so common in archaeological investigations of Minoan settlements that they merit further comprehensive study. Considered alongside the abundance of small-scale Minoan material culture, including figurines, seals, miniature wall paintings, and models, miniature pottery appears to be one facet of a larger semiotic ideology – one well-versed in the language and power of the miniature. By analysing 504 miniature pots from 13 sites in central and east Crete, this paper explores the wide range of miniature vessel types used in the Protopalatial and Neopalatial periods and applies contextual analysis to draw out their meanings. Contextualisation and data analysis reveal two distinct categories within the corpus of miniature pots: ‘micro-miniatures’ and ‘small miniatures’. While micro-miniatures were indeed inherently cultic, small miniatures served a variety of practical functions within the world of Minoan Crete and should not be assumed to relate to ritual. To differentiate between the categories, the relationship between the miniature and its prototype, as well as its semiotic meaning are considered. By applying Peircean understandings of iconicity and indexicality to these two categories, the use and significance of Bronze Age miniature vessels are further illuminated, in ritual and beyond.

Effects of video self‐modeling on the preference and reinforcer value of toys for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

AbstractA primary characteristic of autism spectrum disorder includes restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior. Because having few preferred items and activities can lead to social, communicative, and educational barriers, it is important to increase the number of preferred stimuli in the individual's environment. One way to do this is through conditioned reinforcement via observation. Such procedures involve the acquisition of a skill or change in behavior as a result of indirect contact (i.e., observation) with contingencies received by others. While conditioning through observation has been shown to be effective, one novel approach is video self‐modeling. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of video self‐modeling on the preference and reinforcer value of toys for children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder.

Ti3 C2 TX MXene Ink Direct Writing Flexible Sensors for Disposable Paper Toys.

Flexible electronics have gained great attention in recent years owing to their promising applications in biomedicine, sustainable energy, human-machine interaction, and toys for children. Paper mainly produced from cellulose fibers is attractive substrate for flexible electronics because it is biodegradable, foldable, tailorable, and light-weight. Inspired by daily handwriting, the rapid prototyping of sensing devices with arbitrary patterns can be achieved by directly drawing conductive inks on flat or curved paper surfaces; this provides huge freedom for children to design and integrate "do-it-yourself (DIY)" electronic toys. Herein, viscous and additive-free ink made from Ti3 C2 TX MXene sediment is employed to prepare disposable paper electronics through a simple ball pen drawing. The as-drawn paper sensors possess hierarchical microstructures with interweaving nanosheets, nanoflakes, and nanoparticles, therefore exhibiting superior mechanosensing performances to those based on single/fewer-layer MXene nanosheets. As proof-of-concept applications, several popular children's games are implemented by the MXene-based paper sensors, including "You say, I guess," "Emotional expression," "Rock-Paper-Scissors," "Arm wrestling," "Throwing game," "Carrot squat," and "Grab the cup," as well as a DIY smart whisker for a cartoon mouse. Moreover, MXene-based paper sensors are safe and disposable, free from producing any e-waste and hazard to the environment.

Play Is a Child’s Work (on Instagram)

Play Is a Child’s Work (on Instagram)

Caregiver-reported impact of access to switch-adapted toys on play for children with complex medical conditions.

Play is essential for children's development of motor, social-emotional and cognitive skills. Traditional play activities are often difficult for children with complex medical conditions to access, which threatens their ability to maximize their developmental potential. Switch-adapted toys are a common strategy for expanding the play repertoire of children with disabilities by lowering the barrier to play with electronic toys. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between providing switch-adapted toys to children with disabilities and the children's total and self-initiated play time and access to a variety of cognition-appropriate toys, age-appropriate toys and independently accessible toys as reported by their caregivers. Caregivers and their children with complex medical conditions were provided switch-adapted toys at a giveaway event. At the giveaway event and 6 months later, caregivers completed a survey that included questions about each child's current participation in play and their type of play, child's access to toys and questions specific to switches and switch-adapted toys. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with a Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to control for multiple comparisons. Nineteen caregivers completed both the pre- and post-surveys. The increases in the variety of toys and the number of independently accessibly and cognitively appropriate toys were statistically significant. The change in number of age-appropriate toys and the amount of total and active play time were not statistically significant. Providing switch-adapted toys may be an effective way to increase the number of independently accessible and cognitively appropriate toys for children with complex medical conditions. However, increasing the number of such toys may not be sufficient to increase active and total play time. Further research is needed to identify variables impacting play time and distal outcomes associated with switch-adapted toy access.

«…Создадим новую игрушку для советской детворы»: о советских игрушках 1940-х гг. На архивных материалах Горьковской области

The article addresses the problem of providing Soviet children with toys and toys production in the USSR in the 1940s. On the basis of modern historiographical material, situation in the “toy” industry of the 1940s is reflected. When presenting the material, a large number of interesting and valuable examples is given, as well as fragments from memoirs of the “children of war.” All these materials mention that toys of the difficult 1940s were mostly homemade. There was an acute shortage of factory-made toys and there were problems with their quality and high cost. Throughout the 1940s (and even in the wartime), Soviet leadership attempted repeatedly to solve these problems. Lack of toys for Soviet children was recognized by the authorities as a problem demanding urgent solution. Drawing on unique archival material of the Gorky region, which is being introduced into scientific use, the article narrates of the competition organized in 1947-48 by the Scientific Research Institute of Toys and aimed at development of new samples of toys and games, improvement of their quality, and launch of their mass production. According to the typology of toys cited in the competition regulations, there were 16 categories of toys for children of all ages, ranging from dolls and balls to a variety of construction kits, cardboard games, and educational materials. The main criteria were complete safety, possibility of mass and, preferably, inexpensive production from local materials, and compliance with educational tasks set by the state. Soviet citizens, enterprises and artels, children’s institutions were invited to participate in the competition; there were prizes amounting to 120,000 rubles or more. Given the realities of 1947, this seems an important marker of the state’s attention to organization of children’s leisure and education, which was deemed an integral component of combatting child homelessness and neglect. The article identifies main trends in solving the problem of toy shortage in the second half of the 1940s. It is to complete the picture of everyday life and consequences of the Great Patriotic War.

BRINQUEDO TERAPÊUTICO PARA CRIANÇAS COM CATETER VENOSO CENTRAL TOTALMENTE IMPLANTADO: PERCEPÇÃO DOS ENFERMEIROS

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe nurses' perception about an Instructional Therapeutic Play toy for children with totally implanted central venous catheters. Method: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study carried out in a public hospital from Rio de Janeiro with 12 nurses who work in the care of children with totally implanted central venous catheters. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews from March to May 2019 and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: two thematic units that dealt with the necessary adaptations in the Therapeutic Play toy regarding materials, gender, race, age and catheter implantation site in the body emerged. Conclusion: it was possible to understand the aspects that permeate the Therapeutic Play toy scenario and the possibilities and limitations that interfere with its use in children's care. In this way, the adaptations enhance the Advanced Pediatric Nursing Practice, as playing is a children's need.

Kocka kao didaktičko sredstvo u predškolskom matematičkom obrazovanju

Among the didactic tools used in working with preschool children, one of the most prevalent and beloved is the cube. The cube is a favorite toy for children of all ages, as it offers countless possibilities for play. Its significance is reflected in its wide application in games for implementing activities of various content, and in arousing children's interest in developing and acquiring concepts that are being taught. Playing with cubes encourages children to be active participants and collaborators with adults in activities to the extent that the cube facilitates the discovery, deeper experience, and understanding of what is being learned. This paper presents various aspects of the cube as a concept; a geometric shape; a play prop; and a powerful didactic tool in the realization of preschool mathematical education.