Toxoplasma Gondii In Women Research Articles

Facts and Fictions about Toxoplasma gondii in Women of Misan Province

Background: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most common protozoa worldwide that infects human and animals. Because of lack of data about the facts and myths of T. gondii infection in human Iraq, this study was aimed to define and answered all the related questions in a scientific knowledge manner. Materials and Methods: A survey study was conducted among women to assess their knowledge about facts and myths of toxoplasmosis in the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Misan, Misan, Iraq, from November 1, 2018 to July 30, 2022. All women answered all the questions. A total of 6055 women, aged from 18 to 68 years, were enrolled, only comprising women who lived in Misan. A questionnaire was constructed upon the objectives and involved questions correlated to personal, demographic, social, economic, and educational information. The questionnaire investigated facts and myths concerning T. gondii. Results: All women completed the survey lists with a response rate of 100%. The mean age was 41.53 ± 20.74 years. Most individuals (3133, 51.74%) were grouped to 18–40 years of age. In terms of the knowledge of toxoplasmosis, women who knew a person with toxoplasmosis (23.15%), though it affects men (47.46%), thought that it is an infectious disease (86.16%), thought that it can be prevented (68.22%), thought that it can be treated or cured (82.84%), thought that it is a hereditary condition (59.64%), thought that cats are a causative agent of toxoplasmosis (74.15%) and thought that it transmits by intersexual course (34.32%). Concerning risk knowledge, women who thought the risk of toxoplasmosis transport by eating unhealthy food are 70.45%, women who thought the risk is raised when wearing tight underwear are 42.25%, women who thought the risk was raised with old age are 49.58%, women who thought the risk could be raised when they use contraceptives are 31.11%, women who thought the risk increased with pregnancy are 84.23%, and women who thought the risk could be raised with smoking and alcohol intake are 45.70%. Of 6055 women, a total of 5578 (92.12%) women said that toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease. About 96.10% of the sample said that it transmits by cats. Almost always, 99.45% of women thought that it is a cause of abortion, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. In addition, only 16.99% of women in this survey know that there are over two million new cases of toxoplasmosis in the world annually. About 11.33% of women thought that toxoplasmosis cases are asymptomatic whereas others thought that they have a fever, gastro intestinal tract symptoms, genito urinary tract symptoms, and ophthalmologic symptoms. Conclusions: Many facts and myths can affect the knowledge of women about toxoplasmosis. In kinds of literature, there are no real modes for studying myths about infectious diseases in particular toxoplasmosis which may be of benefit in preventing and managing processes.

Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in Women by Dipstick Dye Immunoassay (DDIA)

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by an intra-cellular protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii.In this study, 49 blood samples were collected from women with recurrent abortion who referred to the Al-Karamah Hospital at Kut city. Sera were tested for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibodies by using dipstick dye immunoassay method. Seropositive cases were 24 (49%) and 25 (51%) serum samples were seronegative for anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody.The higher infection (70%) among women in age (26-35)years and the lower ( 14%) in age (<45) years. Also the results were showed there was relationship between the prevalence of disease and history of contact with cats 20/24 (83%).

Epidemiological Study with Evaluation of Molecular and Immunologicalassay for Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aborted women.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most prevalent parasite ‎illnesses in humans. Although primary infection in a pregnant woman is usually asymptomatic, it has the potential to cause significant harm to the fetus, including miscarriage. In this study, we ‎investigate the usefulness of the PCR to confirm the etiology of the abortion. A prospective ‎study in the Al-Diwaniyah maternity and pediatric teaching hospital in Iraq was conducted. The research comprised 94 aborted women. We have reported a new ‎internal primer for the nested PCR protocol to detect toxoplasmosis. In the 94-aborted ‎women, 30 samples (31.9 %) were positive by the nPCR using the G529 repeat gene and ‎qPCR using B1 gene primers. We have shown that three women carry the ‎parasite in their placentas, and at the same time, they do not carry antibodies in their blood.‎ We recommend that women should be aware of the risk of toxoplasmosis and the ‎importance of preventing measures. In addition, PCR should be done in the case of ‎abortion to enhance sensitivity even if serology is negative.

Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in women of reproductive age in the north of Iran

Context: Toxoplasmosis in females plays a prominent role in fetal health owing to serious pathological problems including abortion, hydrocephaly, mental retardation, and chorioretinitis. Aims: The purpose of the present investigation was to study the seroprevalence and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in female population using ELISA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Setting and Design: This was a cross-sectional study on girls and women of childbearing age in Mazandaran Province from 2018 to 2019. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 serum samples were collected and studied employing ELISA and PCR assays. Prior to sampling, a questionnaire was filled out for each case. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the obtained data, and associations were considered statistically significant at P Results: The total seroprevalence of the studied sera was 26.6% for IgG antibody, and also, 4.2% of the samples showed anti-Toxoplasma IgM antibody. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between seroprevalence of Toxoplasma and residential area and marital status. Genetic characterization of T. gondii revealed that 20% of the positive samples were Type II and 0.2% was Types I and II. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in girls and women of childbearing age in the north of Iran is considerable. Residential area and consumption of vegetables are identified as potentially preventable risk factors for acquiring toxoplasmosis in Mazandaran Province.

Association between vitamin D deficiency and Toxoplasma gondii infection in women of childbearing age

To explore the association between the risk of vitamin D deficiency and the infection of Toxoplasma gondii in women of childbearing age. Based on a Women's Reproductive Health Cohort Study performed from 2007 to 2010 in four counties of Henan Province, Toxoplasma gondii infection were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). A total of 1151 women with pregnancy outcomes were followed up and pre-pregnancy vitamin D level was measured with serum samples. Case-control study was used to examine the association between the risk of vitamin D deficiency and Toxoplasma infection. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 61. 5%(95% CI 59. 2%-64. 9%) and Toxoplasma infection was 9. 6%(95% CI 7. 9%-11. 4%), among which IgG positive, IgM positive and both positive were 7. 6%, 2. 3% and 0. 3%, respectively. After adjusting confounding factors, including education, family annual income, and dietary intake frequencies. , it was found that the risk of vitamin D deficiency in women infected with Toxoplasma gondii recently or previously was 1. 75 times higher than that of uninfected women(95% CI 1. 11-2. 77). There is association between the risk of vitamin D deficiency and the infection of Toxoplasma gondii in women of childbearing age.

Toxoplasma gondii in women of childbearing age and during pregnancy: seroprevalence study in Central and Southern Italy from 2013 to 2017.

Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide health problem. Infection in pregnant women can result in severe fetal morbidity or in subclinical neonatal infection; most subclinical cases develop ocular and neurological sequelae. The purpose of this serological study was to assess the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in two populations of women of childbearing age in Siena (Tuscany, Central Italy) and Bari (Apulia, Southern Italy) between 2013 and 2017 and in a group of pregnant women in Bari in 2016–2017. Serum samples were tested for the presence of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies by a commercially available ELISA test. The percentage of seropositive subjects in Bari was significantly higher than in Siena (22.4% vs. 12.4%) and an age-related trend was observed. A low prevalence of T. gondii infection (13.8%) was observed among the pregnant women tested. In addition to showing a significant difference between Central and Southern Italy, this study provides updated data on T. gondii seroprevalence in women during childbearing age and pregnancy. The results confirm a trend toward a decrease, especially in younger people and pregnant women.

Molecular and Serological Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Women in Wasit Province

Molecular and Serological Characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in Women in Wasit Province

Evaluation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who were referred to obstetric outpatient clinics

Evaluation of seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in women who were referred to obstetric outpatient clinics

Toxoplasma gondii in women with recent abortion from Southern Mexico

ObjectiveTo estimate the presence, parasite burden, percentage of avidity and risk factors to seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in women with recent abortion attended at the two main hospitals from Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. MethodsSeroprevalence and IgG avidity were estimated from 161 blood samples from aborting women and risk factors associated with serological status were determined. Only 130 from 161 samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and a nested-PCR (nPCR) to detect T. gondii-DNA. ResultsSeroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG was 3.72% (6/161) and 59.00% (95/161), respectively; 98.94% (94/95) of the women showed high-avidity index and only 1.05% (1/95) demonstrated low-avidity. For qPCR, 3.84% (5/130) of the samples were detected with T. gondii-DNA and all positive samples showed a low parasite load (< 1 parasite/mL). For nPCR, 6.92% (9/130) of positivity was found. Logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between IgG-seropositivity and potable-drinking-water intake in households (P < 0.020, odds ratio = 11.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.011–0.683). ConclusionsIn this study, the detection of T. gondii-DNA in IgG-positive women suggests in some cases active parasitemia, even when they demonstrated high-avidity index. Reinfection cases could be presented due to the high circulation of the parasite in the study region. T. gondii could play an important role as cause of abortion and municipal potable-water could be an important risk factor of infection.

Toxoplasma gondii in women with bad obstetric history and infertility: a five-year study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of Toxoplasma gondii in women with bad obstetric (BOH) history and in women with primary and secondary infertility. MethodsThis study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital for a period of 5 years from January 2004 to December 2009. Quantitative determination of IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii infection was done by IgM capture ELISA in patients with history of BOH or infertility. ResultsOut of a total of 441 subjects included in the study, 417 (94.6%) had a BOH and 24 (5.4%) subjects had infertility. Toxoplasma was found to be more common in females with two or more abortions 52 (76.5%). Similarly in patients with infertility due to Toxoplasma, secondary infertility (66.7%) was more common than primary infertility. About 40.3% patients with BOH and 20% patients with infertility had healthy live issues after treatment with spiramycin. ConclusionsToxoplasmosis is thus, an easily treatable cause of abortions and infertility. All antenatal females and females with infertility should be screened for toxoplasmosis.

Assessment of Screening Tests Used to Detect Toxoplasma gondii in Women in Sudan

Blood samples from 255 child bearing age women distributed into two villages named EL Nuba and EL Massoudia were collected according to their agreement and after obtaining their written consent form. Plasma separated from 255 blood samples were tested at delivery for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using three different screening tests. These tests were Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), Complement Fixation Test (CFT), and ELISA IgG. Evaluation of the screening test was done for the three tests. The sensitivity of LAT, CFT, and ELISA IgG were 82.5%, 96.8%, and 98.9% respectively. The specificity of these tests was 91.2%, 94.1%, and 97.1% respectively. The Positive predictive value was 96.2%, 97.8%, and 98.9% respectively. The negative predictive value was 66%, 91.4% and 97.8%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 9.35, 16.4, and 33.6 respectively. The negative likelihood ratio was 0.192, 0.0345, and 0.11 respectively. According to these evaluations a proposed protocol was drawn to detect infection in women.

Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasma gondii in Women Referred to Khorramabad Laboratory of Health Center for Medical Examination before Marriage, Lorestan Province, Iran, 2008

Seroepidemiological Study of Toxoplasma gondii in Women Referred to Khorramabad Laboratory of Health Center for Medical Examination before Marriage, Lorestan Province, Iran, 2008

Toxoplasmosis, antibody level, and pregnancy outcome

A significantly greater incidence of abortions occurred in patients whose postpartum blood sera had a high antibody titer for toxoplasmosis than in those with low or negative serum levels. This finding, as well as the identification of 3 women who habitually aborted for unknown cause, out of 89 subjects with titers of 1,024 or more, gives further support to the need for isolation studies to document the role of Toxoplasma gondii in spontaneous abortion.This survey revealed approximately 25 per cent incidence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in women in the childbearing age in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Routine pediatric newborn examination yielded one infant with a congenital anomaly who was suspect for acute congenital toxoplasmosis. At least 9 other subjects in the high antibody titer group had pregnancy histories suggesting the possible relation of the parasite to abnormal pregnancy outcome. Review of total pregnancy history of patients having antibody level of 1,024 or more has identified a series of infants for follow-up investigation for subclinical congenital toxoplasmosis.