Toxic Metabolic Products Research Articles

Clinical experience of using Polysorb in complex pathogenetic therapy of chronic hepatitis C with severe liver fibrosis

Introduction. Violation of metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract in patients with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) leads to the accumulation of toxic metabolic products in the intestine, negatively affecting both the balance of the microbiota and the functional state of hepatocytes. The sorption of toxins released by opportunistic anaerobic bacteria contributes to the restoration of the population of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, which has a beneficial effect on the functional state of the liver.Aim. To evaluate the clinical and laboratory efficacy and safety of Polysorb as part of complex pathogenetic therapy in patients with HCV with severe liver fibrosis.Materials and methods. The study included 62 patients with HCV in the stage of severe liver fibrosis (F3 according to METAVIR) of both sexes aged 18 to 65 years who were not receiving antiviral therapy. In the study group, pathogenetic therapy was supplemented with Polysorb. Clinical and laboratory parameters were evaluated before and after the course of treatment. The study of the intestinal microbiota was carried out by determining the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the intestinal contents: acetic, propionic, butyric, the total content of isoC4 + isoC5 + isoC6 and the value of the anaerobic index by gas-liquid chromatography (chromatograph “Tsvet 100”, Russia).Results and discussion. Complex pathogenetic therapy of patients with HCV (F3), including the enterosorbent Polysorb, increases the effectiveness of treatment for clinical syndromes: right hypochondrium by 35.8%, asthenovegetative – by 13.6%, dyspeptic – from 8 to 22.5% (according to individual symptoms), cholestatic – by 8%, and also improves the biochemical parameters of liver function: p = 0.060; GGTP, p = 0.014 and it helps to stabilize the composition of the microbiota, increasing the total level of LVH (p < 0.05), mainly due to normalization of acetic acid values, improvement of the anaerobic index: before treatment -0.858 ± 0.152, after -0.601 ± 0.163 (p < 0.05).Conclusion. The inclusion of Polysorb in the pathogenetic therapy of patients with HCV (F3) helps to stabilize the composition of the microbiota, while no side effects or adverse events have been recorded.

Investigation Roles of Erythropoietin, Testosterone, and Thyroid Hormones in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is characterized as a steady decline in liver functions that lasts longer than six months, including the generation of clotting factors and other proteins, detoxification of toxic metabolic products, and bile excretion. CLD is a continual process of inflammation, damage, and regeneration of the liver parenchyma that results in fibrosis and cirrhosis. The study aims to determine the predictive role of erythropoietin, testosterone, and thyroid function markers in the pathogenesis of liver dysfunction in Iraqi patients. The current research investigation was conducted out in Baquba Teaching Hospital / Diyala governorate from November 2022 to January 2023. 50 blood samples were taken from patients who came to the Baquba Teaching Hospital and those with chronic liver disease for inspection and diagnosis by the consultant doctor in the advisory units/Baquba Teaching Hospital. 30 healthy people's blood samples were taken as a control group. The serum levels of erythropoietin, testosterone, TSH, FT3, and FT4 indicators in the samples were determined using the Roche Cobas e411. The current study's findings revealed that 61-70 and >70 years scored highest age groups (28% and 26%) than ≤40 years that scored least age groups (6%) with significant differences (p<0.05). The levels of erythropoietin and TSH were higher in patients than healthy. In contrast, the levels of testosterone, FT3, and FT4 were low in patients than healthy with significant differences (p<0.05). According to Pearson correlations, erythropoietin is a substantial positive association with FT4 (r= 0.293* Sig.=0.039). Depending on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the present study showed the Erythropoietin, Testosterone, TSH, FT3, and FT4 markers scored the highest sensitivity (86%, 90%, 94%, 96%, and 100%) and specificity (90%, 90%, 94%, 100%, and 72%) respectively, in screening patients with Chronic liver disease (CLD). We came to the conclusion that illness severity increased with age. Erythropoietin, testosterone, and thyroid function are good prognostic markers in screening chronic liver disease that is associated with gonadal and thyroid disorders.

Effect of Lauric acid against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress/apoptosis signalling and HNF4α in Wistar albino rats

Ethanol (EtOH) is most widely used in alcoholic beverages to prepare alcohol. As EtOH is mainly metabolised in the liver, the excessive consumption of EtOH forms a primary toxic metabolic product called acetaldehyde, as the gradual increase in acetaldehyde leads to liver injury, as reported. Lauric acid (LA) is rich in antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral properties. LA is an edible component highly present in coconut oil. However, no report on LA protective effects against the EtOH-instigated hepatotoxicity exists. Therefore, the experiment is carried out to investigate the potency effects of LA on EtOH-instigated hepatotoxicity in thirty male albino rats. Rats were divided into five groups (n-6): control DMSO alone, EtOH -intoxicated, EtOH + LA 180 mg/kg, EtOH + LA 360 mg/kg, and LA alone were administered orally using oral gavage. The study measured body weight every weekend in all rat groups. The rats were sacrificed and assessed for serum markers (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase), antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde), histopathological, cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), protein expression (caspase 3 and caspase 8 and Bcl-2 and HNF4α) were evaluated after the 56-days study period. The impact of EtOH intoxication reduces the rat's body weight by 90 g, upregulates the liver enzyme markers, depletes the antioxidant levels, produces malondialdehyde, changes the histoarchitecture (periportal inflammation and hepatocyte damage), downregulates the Bcl-2 expressions and HNF4α, and elevates the expression of cytokines and apoptotic markers. LA alleviated EtOH-induced liver toxicity by significant (p < 0.05) modulation of biochemical levels, caspase-8/3 signalling, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restoring the normal histoarchitecture, upregulating the Bcl-2 and HNF4α Expressions. In conclusion, LA treatment can protect the liver against EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity, evidenced by alleviating Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, apoptosis, and upregulation of HNF4α.

Effect of a sorbent composition based on aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on the reproductive system of &lt;i&gt;db/db&lt;/i&gt; female mice with genetically determined obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by the accumulation of toxic metabolic products in the internal environment of the organism. The development of innovative medicines based on a sorbent matrix modified with biologically active molecules remains relevant. The sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane is considered promising. The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of the sorbent composition from aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on the uterus and ovaries of db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The sorbent composition (0.665 g/kg in 200 μl of distilled water) was administered to 14-week-old animals through an intragastric tube once a day for 7 days. The comparison groups were female rats injected with placebo (daily intragastrical administration of 200 µl of water for 7 days) and intact animals. Digital images of light-optical preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin were processed using Image-Pro Plus 4.1 software. In the ovaries, the numerical density of primordial, primary, secondary follicles and corpus luteum was determined. The width of the uterus layers, the diameters of the blood and lymphatic vessels, the width of the interstitial fissures in both organs were measured. The statistical significance of differences was determined using the Mann – Whitney test. Results. In the myometrium and endometrium of the uterus of db/db mice, dilatation of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and edema were noted due to the accumulation of tissue fluid in the interstitium layers. There were no tertiary follicles in the ovaries. The introduction of the sorbent composition contributed to a decrease in the diameters of arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels of the uterus, a decrease in edema in both organs due to the narrowing of the prelymphatic slits, and stimulated an increase in the numerical density of secondary follicles. Conclusion. A corrective effect of the sorbent composition of aluminum oxide and polydimethylsiloxane on prelymphatic slits, blood and lymphatic vessels in the uterus and ovaries in db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus was revealed.

Erythropoietin mitigated thioacetamide-induced renal injury via JAK2/STAT5 and AMPK pathway

The kidney flushes out toxic substances and metabolic waste products, and homeostasis is maintained owing to the kidney efforts. Unfortunately, kidney disease is one of the illnesses with a poor prognosis and a high death rate. The current investigation was set out to assess erythropoietin (EPO) potential therapeutic benefits against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced kidney injury in rats. EPO treatment improved kidney functions, ameliorated serum urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde, increased renal levels of reduced glutathione, and slowed the rise of JAK2, STAT5, AMPK, and their phosphorylated forms induced by TAA. EPO treatment also greatly suppressed JAK2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and The Protein Kinase R-like ER Kinase gene expressions and mitigated the histopathological alterations brought on by TAA toxicity. EPO antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties protected TAA-damaged kidneys. EPO regulates AMPK, JAK2/STAT5, and pro-inflammatory mediator synthesis.

On the degree of effectiveness of surgical aids for mechanical jaundice

Relevance. The problem of mechanical jaundice is the most urgent in abdominal surgery. This is primarily because the frequency of this pathology is steadily increasing, and the mortality rate does not have a distinct downward trend. Surgical tactics in case of mechanical jaundice remains multivariate, and a differentiated approach is needed for treating this contingent of patients, which is decisive in improving the results of surgical aids.The aim of the study. To improve the results of treatment of patients with mechanical jaundice of calculous etiology.Materials and methods. The analysis of the results of treatment and specially conducted studies in 554 patients with mechanical jaundice of calculous etiology was carried out. The patients underwent ultrasound, CT, and MRI. The concentration of adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine, 11-oxycorticosteroids, histamine, and serotonin, as well as toxic metabolic products were determined. The state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by determining the autonomic index and mathematical analysis of the heart rate using variational pulsometry.Results. All the patients were operated on. Priority was given to stage-by-stage surgical tactics combining endoscopic decompression of the biliary tract with endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in the early stages of hospitalization and open surgical treatment after cupping the clinic of mechanical jaundice. There was a 3-fold increase in the number of endoscopic interventions. The mortality rate for the entire period decreased by 2.1 times. The reason for the results obtained is the degree of trauma of the operation. The parameters of the musculoskeletal, autonomic nervous, and sympathoadrenal systems were determined in patients divided into three groups. In the first group, primary open surgery on the biliary tract was performed, in the second — endoscopic papillosphincterotomy and abdominal surgery on the biliary tract, in the third — only endoscopic papillosphincterotomy. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy had the most sparing effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system and normalization of vegetative homeostasis. The volume of the surgical aid for mechanical jaundice affects the content of the sympathoadrenal system and biologically active substances in the blood plasma. When performing abdominal operations, compared with minimally invasive ones, the concentration of adrenaline, norepinephrine, serotonin, histamine, and 11-oxycorticosteroids in the blood increased by 1.5–2.5 times.Conclusion. The effectiveness and priority of minimally invasive operations for treating mechanical jaundice have been confirmed. The use of endoscopic resolution of biliary hypertension makes it possible to reduce the mortality rate against the background of a steady trend toward normalization of the indicators of the sympathoadrenal system and variational pulsometry.

3D Printed Alginate Hydrogels with Stiffness-Gradient Structure in a Carbomer Supporting Bath by Controlled Ca2+ Diffusion

Manufacturing biocompatible materials with higher-order structure has great significance because they can mimic the extracellular medium of the human organism and are a novel strategy for tissue regeneration. In this study, a device with stiffness-gradient characteristics based on two biocompatible materials, alginate with presolidification and photocurable acrylamide-containing supporting bath, was designed and constructed by the 3D printing technique. The presolidification can avoid rapid diffusion of alginate in aqueous solutions, improve mechanical properties without the introduction of heterogeneous gel precursor, and endow gradient stiffness by the controlled diffusion of calcium ions. Besides, a photocurable supporting bath was combined to manufacture a device with a dual-gradient structure by a 4-step procedure, including 3D printing, removal of the inner hydrogel, solidification of alginate, and curing of the supporting bath. A cylinder-like container was manufactured as the template, and the wall of the resultant container with two types of gradient structures showed parabola-like stiffness changes (open upward), resulting from calcium ion diffusion-controlled gradient solidification and alginate diffusion-controlled gradient photocuring. Moreover, the resultant device exhibited lower cytotoxicity to both adherent and suspension cells than containers manufactured with alginate. Because of the high water uptake of the photocured supporting bath, the removal of toxic metabolic products together with cell culture medium from the container leads to better cell compatibility. This diffusion-controlled device is also applicable to other additive manufacturers with biomedical significance.

The antimicrobial peptide LI14 combats multidrug-resistant bacterial infections

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens raises public fears of untreatable infections and represents a huge health risk. There is an urgent need to exploit novel antimicrobial agents. Due to the unique mechanisms, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with a low probability to achieve resistance are regarded as potential antibiotic alternatives to address this issue. Herein, we develop a panel of synthetic peptide compounds with novel structures based on the database filters technology (DFT), and the lead peptide LI14 shows potent antibacterial activity against all tested drug-resistant bacteria. LI14 exhibits rapid bactericidal activity and excellent anti-biofilm and -persisters activity, simultaneously showing a low propensity to induce resistance. Moreover, LI14 shows tolerance against pH, temperatures, and pepsin treatment, and no detectable toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that LI14 induces membrane damage by targeting bacterial-specific membrane components and dissipates the proton motive force (PMF), thereby resulting in metabolic perturbations and the accumulation of toxic metabolic products. Furthermore, LI14 sensitizes clinically relevant antibiotics against MDR bacteria. In animal models of infection, LI14 or combined with antibiotics are effective against drug-resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that LI14 is a promising antibiotic candidate to tackle MDR bacterial infections.

A STUDY ON TRENDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a progressive deterioration of liver functions. The generation of clotting factors and other proteins, the detoxification of toxic metabolic products and the excretion of bile are all liver functions. This continuous inflammation, destruction, and regeneration of liver parenchyma led to fibrosis and cirrhosis. These are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the country, majorly attributed to excessive alcohol consumption, viral hepatitis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The study aimed to understand the recent trends in managing chronic liver disease. The liver function tests were assessed in all subjects with a history of CLD complications, and treatment was initiated. Patients were re-examined with LFTs to note the efficacy of the treatment. The study showed that CLD is more prevalent in males due to their lifestyle and social habits. The primary drug prescribed was ursodeoxycholic acid (18.7%), with the best advisable diet restrictions of water and salt (17.4%). Follow-up was conducted regarding LFTs and observed improvement with treatment. With the best management plan, liver functioning can be reverted to normal. Management of CLD and its complications is vital to maintaining hepatic function and the quality of life of patients. With a note on progress, the best non-pharmacotherapies can be advised to improve patients’ quality of life. The study provides an idea to physicians regarding the recent trends and ways of planning a therapy.

Airborne microalgal and cyanobacterial diversity and composition during rain events in the southern Baltic Sea region

Airborne cyanobacteria and microalgae are commonly found in the atmosphere and may pose a serious human health risk. This study presents an innovative investigation of the washout efficiency of airborne cyanobacteria and microalgae in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). For the first time, the number and type of cyanobacteria and microalgae were determined in rainwater samples and in air before and after rainfall events. The number of cyanobacteria and microalgae cells in the rainwater samples ranged, depending on, e.g., weather conditions, from 100 cells L–1 to 342.2 × 103 cells L–1. Several harmful taxa, such as Chlorococcum sp., Oocystis sp., Anabaena sp., Leptolyngbya sp., Nodularia sp., Pseudanabaena sp., Synechococcus sp., Synechocystis sp., and Gymnodinium sp., were noted in our study. Washing out by rain is extremely relevant to human health and decreases the chance that people inhale these species and their toxic metabolic products. The greatest diversity of airborne microalgae and cyanobacteria was recorded in July 2019, despite this being the period with the lowest number of cells in rainwater samples. Research conducted in the southern Baltic Sea region confirmed the relationship between the occurrence of cyanobacteria and microalgae in the air and blooms in the sea. It is worth emphasizing that the number of microalgae and cyanobacteria cells decreased by up to 87% after a rainfall event relative to that before the rainfall event. The obtained results significantly increase the level of knowledge about cyanobacteria and microalgae present in the air. By demonstrating the washout efficiencies of cyanobacteria and microalgae, the results indicate the potential of individual taxa to be removed from the atmosphere with rainfall. The findings of this study are helpful for further research on airborne microorganisms and air quality.

Influence of alimentary factors on the absorption of feed nutrients and poultry productivity

The article is a summary of the literature on the main aspects of the modern bird feeding system. Theoretical aspects and results of experimental research of scientists on the substantiation of parameters of protein and amino acid nutrition are given, which is an important factor that, under appropriate conditions can significantly guarantee the realization of the genetic potential of corresponding breeds and crosses of poultry. It is shown that an important aspect of protein nutrition is the ratio of feed amino acids. Their negative interaction can be caused by a deficiency of one or more amino acids, an imbalance between them, antagonism, and toxicity. This is accompanied by effects on various physiological and biochemical processes, significantly affects appetite, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption and transport of amino acids, their catabolism, rate of protein decomposition, synthesis, and formation of toxic metabolic products. The data show that the required level of energy for the bird's body is provided by carbohydrates (mainly of plant origin) and lipids (fat supplements of various origins). It is noted that lipids promote the absorption, transport, and deposition of fat-soluble vitamins. The effectiveness of using fat supplements as energy depends on their source. At the same time, among the indispensable nutrients that have a significant impact on growth intensity, reproductive quality, poultry productivity, and biological value of products, an important role is played by macro-and micronutrients. Many researchers emphasize that along with the use of traditional feeds in poultry feeding, the possibilities of non-traditional cereals rich in protein and lipids are not fully used. A limiting factor in their use is the presence in their composition of anti-nutrients contained in many feeds. Once in the digestive tract of animals, they negatively affect the absorption of feed nutrients. In most cases, the consumption of such feed by animals is manifested in growth retardation, increased feed consumption, hormonal effects, and, less frequently, in the dysfunction of certain organs.

Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) as an Alternative to Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for the Analysis of Cyclohexanone and Cyclohexanol in Plasma.

Self-poisoning with professional agricultural pesticide products is responsible for about 20% of global suicide, with most cases occurring in South Asia and China. Treatment of severe poisoning involves long-term intensive clinical care and is often unsuccessful. Solvent co-formulants (such as cyclohexanone) also contribute to mortality themselves or via more toxic metabolic products (such as cyclohexanol). Faster detection of co-formulants could aid earlier identification of pesticide poisoning and faster intervention, reducing mortality. Conventional analysis of volatiles in blood uses headspace (HS)-GC/MS. This paper evaluates SIFT-MS, a direct MS technique that provides higher sample throughput than GC/MS, as a potential tool for cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol analysis in plasma. Both instruments were calibrated using a conventional approach prior to analysis of each porcine plasma sample on both instruments. Comparative data were evaluated using Bland–Altman plots, demonstrating that the techniques were in good agreement. Compared with GC/MS, SIFT-MS provides fourfold higher sample throughput and shows great promise as an alternative analytical tool.

Efficient High-Density hiPSCs Expansion in Simple Dialysis Device.

iPSCs are potential cell types that can be used for regenerative medicine. Suspension culture is the main approach to produce a sufficient amount of required cells to realize the application of hiPSCs for the transplantation of the large organ. The dialysis culture system holds the potential to reduce the cost by utilizing endogenous growth factors and recycle the remaining exogenous growth factors at the same time. However, the current large scale dialysis culture system was not optimized for expanding the high-density culture. Several problems such as the requirement of the large volume and technical complexity make the optimization of this system remain challenging. Also, the interference of mechanical stress in the dynamic suspension culture may reduce cellular viability, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity. Here, we describe the simple miniaturized dialysis platform to evaluate the feasibility of high-density hiPSCs culture by combining the utilization of endogenous growth factors supported by a continuous exchange of nutrition and toxic metabolic product in a low mechanical stress culture environment in a viscoelastic medium.

An Overview on Non-invasive Assessment of Cirrhosis

Chronic liver disease is a long-term degradation of liver processes, such as the production of clotting factors and the detoxification of toxic metabolic products. It is a constant cycle of liver parenchyma inflammation, destruction, and regeneration that leads to cirrhosis and fibrosis. the last phase of it being cirrhosis, characterized by distortion of hepatic architecture, the development of extensive nodules. Additionally, it is mostly in a cirrhotic liver that there is a development of hep

Drug box: A novel stratergic tool to minimize pill burden and polypharmacy in geriatric population

Longevity and graceful ageing is what every elderly yearns for. With advances in better health care, better standards and newer modalities of medical expertise the elderly population is in a phase three of demographic transition and the number of elderly in India are on the rise. With increasing age comes the prospect of multiple morbidities. The current medical practice guidelines often require multiple medications to treat each chronic disease state for optimal clinical benefit and poly-pharmacy is inevitable. The multiple drugs when consumed in excess or in lesser dosage can in turn result in adverse drug reactions. An elders body responds in a different manner from the adult body mechanism especially with respect to drug-drug interactions, reduced organ functional capacities and most importantly medication non compliance due to morbidities of ageing viz. dementia, blindness, etc. Also there is accumulation of toxic products of drug metabolism due to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics changes occurring with advancing age. A Novel substitute for pill burden and poly pharmacy3 is the drug box.3 A simple, cost-effective tool for the elderly, which helps in appropriate storage of medicines having compartments which coincide with the number of days in a week or a month, with divisions as per doses. Few boxes even show the time of the day during which the drug must be taken. Drug dispensers are high tech pill boxes keep the medications locked till the time it needs to be taken, and dispenses it at the right time thus prevents drug over dosage. This is very helpful for the elderly patients who suffer from dementia and those who are on multiple drug therapies. Keywords: Drug box, Novel tool, Pill burden.

Decontamination of Aflatoxins by Lactic Acid Bacteria.

Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolic products, which exert great hazards to human and animal health. Decontaminating aflatoxins from food ingredients to a threshold level is a prime concern for avoiding risks to the consumers. Biological decontamination processes of aflatoxins have received widespread attention due to their mild and environmental-friendly nature. Many reports have been published on the decontamination of aflatoxins by microorganisms, especially lactic acid bacteria (LAB), a well-explored probiotic and generally recognized as safe. The present review aims at updating the decontamination of produced aflatoxins using LAB, with an emphasis on the decontamination mechanism and influence factors for decontamination. This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the binding mechanisms between LAB and aflatoxins, facilitating the theoretical and practical application of LAB for decontaminating hazardous substances in food and agriculture.

Desulphurisation kinetics of thiophenic compound by sulphur oxidizing Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1.

The major aims of this study are to determine the capability of sulphur oxidizing bacterium (SOB-1) to desulphurize dibenzothiophene (DBT) and crude oil, detection of the reaction kinetics and identify the proposed pathway of DBT desulphurization. The isolate was genetically identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Klebsiella oxytoca and deposited in the Genebank database under the accession number: MT355440. The HPLC analysis of the remaining DBT concentration revealed that, SOB-1 could desulphurize 90% of DBT (0·25mmoll-1 ) within 96h. The maximum production of sulphate ions from the desulphurization of DBT (0·36mmoll-1 ) and crude oil (0·4mmoll-1 ) could be quantitatively detected after 48h of incubation at 30°C. The high values of correlation coefficient (R2 ) obtained at all studied concentrations; suggested that biodesulfurization kinetics of DBT follows the first-order reaction model. The kinetics studies showed that, DBT may have an inhibitory effect on SOB-1 when the initial concentration exceeded 0·75mmoll-1 . The GC-MS analysis exhibited four main metabolites rather than DBT. The most important ones are 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP) and methoxybiphenyl n(2-MBP). Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1 catalyzes the desulphurization of DBT through 4S pathway and forms four main metabolic products. The release of sulphate ion and formation of 2-HBP indicating the elimination of sulphur group without altering the carbon skeleton of DBT. The bacterial strain could also catalyzes desulphurization of crude oil. The desulphurization kinetics follows the first-order reaction model. Klebsiella oxytoca SOB-1 could be used as a promising industrial and environmental biodesulfurizing agent as it is not affecting carbon skeleton of thiophenic compounds and forming less toxic metabolic product (2-MBP).

Gender Effect on Some Blood Parameters in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis in North Western Algeria

Replacement therapy for chronic kidney disease using haemodialysis involves the elimination of excessive toxic fluids and toxic metabolic end products from the body. Worldwide, gender significant differences exist with regard to the epidemiological aspect, evolution and blood parameters of chronic renal failure disease. In the present retrospective study, 289 medical files of adult patients (154 men and 135 women) aged 20 to 78 years were investigated to understand the relationship between gender difference and blood parameters in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis in north western Algeria. Our results revealed significant higher levels of haemoglobin (p=0.003), haematocrit (p=0.005), creatinine (p&lt;0.001) and uric acid (p=0.037) in men comparing to women. However, women serum samples were characterized by higher significant level of platelets (p=0.002). No significant differences (p˃0.005) were observed between the two genders regarding the other parameters of blood count formula, liver function parameters, urea, mineral status (calcemia and phosphoremia), basic biochemical levels (glycaemia and lipids), C-reactive protein (CRP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). In dialysis patients, and despite the fact that some serum parameters vary significantly, the majority of the parameters recorded were often high in the males compared to the female gender. This finding may be due to the existence of specific confounding prognostic factors for each sex, which may or may not compensate for each other, therefore, ultimately, leading to overall non-significance.

The overall structure of microbiota in patients with adenocarcinoma stomach and colon cancer

IntroductionAccumulating evidence suggests that the human bowel microbiota contributes to the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and stomach cancer, not only via the pro-carcinogenic activities of specific pathogens but also via the influence of the wider microbial community, particularly its metabolome.The aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to analyzes the overall structure of microbiota in patients with adenocarcinoma of colorectal and the stomach and healthy controls.ResultsThe studies suggested that colorectal cancer and stomach cancer develops from the complex interactions between inherited susceptibility and environmental factors, there a strong association between adenomatous polyps and some pathogenic bacteria are the precursors of the vast majority of colorectal cancers and stomach. Thus, the data suggested the development of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with adenocarcinoma, which was characterized by inhibiting obligate protective microflora and activation opportunistic microorganisms on the base of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins metabolism disturbances and accumulation of toxic metabolic products that may be an important pathogenetic factor of tumor tissue activation, induction, proliferation, and metaplasia. Significant accumulation of biogenic amines (methylamine, serotonin, histamine) is a leading metabolic profile of microflora inpatient with adenocarcinoma and may have a predictive value for diagnosis, pathogenetic therapy, and determination of food nutrients role in the mechanisms of cancer formation, as well as identifying populations of cancer risk.ConclusionsThe composition of the tumor microbiome differed from that of adjacent non-neoplastic tissue. The subsite-specific alterations in the colorectal carcinoma and stomach cancer microbiota. There is a high incidence of colorectal cancer and stomach cancer associated with Streptococcus Bovis. These results suggested that the mucosa-associated microbiota is dynamically associated with colorectal carcinoma, which may provide evidence for microbiota-associated diagnostic, prognostic, preventive, and therapeutic strategies for colorectal carcinoma and stomach cancer.

Advances in research on aquaporins in medical helminthes

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a class of membrane intrinsic proteins in medical helminthes that specifically mediate the transmembrane transport of water or other solute molecules. Previous studies have demonstrated that AQPs play a critical role in promoting the transmembrane transport of water, osmoregulation, uptake of nutrients, release of toxic metabolic products and transport of antiparasitic drugs, which may serve as promising vaccine candidates and drug targets for parasitic diseases. This review describes the structural characteristics of AQPs in medical helminthes, and discusses the feasibility of these AQPs as antihelminth vaccine candidates and drug targets, so as to provide insights into the development of novel vaccines and drugs against parasitic diseases.