Township Government Research Articles

Identification and behavioral characteristics of stakeholders of a water diversion project based on ‘sustainable supply chain theory’

AbstractThe South-to-North Water Diversion project, as one of China's strategic projects, plays an important role in China's development. Sixty-two years after the project was conceived, the central route project began to supply water in 2014. Users along the route are both beneficiaries and project influencers. Their behavior characteristics in the project operation have become a topic worthy of study. In this paper, based on a questionnaire conducted among government departments, enterprises and residents and on stakeholder theory, under the theory model of Sustainable Supply Chain (SSC) around the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) including society, economy and environment, the ecological compensation, sewage treatment and reservoir operation management in Xichuan County were investigated and studied. A total of 289 answers were recovered. Through the survey, it is found that: stakeholders include 15 township governments in Xichuan County, water conservancy project supporting facilities construction companies, ecological industry companies, water supply companies and other enterprises, as well as agricultural growers, rural farmers and non-agricultural residents in Xichuan County. Government stakeholders pursue the development of the overall operation of the project, while enterprises and residents pursue the development of individual economy. Finally, this paper lists the relevant indexes, which provide the opportunity for behavior evolution analysis and sustainable research of the project.

읍소재지 중심가로의 보행환경 개선 방향 - 전라남도 4개 지방정부 읍소재지의 중심가로를 대상으로 -

This study analyzed the path that affects the user's walking satisfaction on main street in four local government towns in Jeollanam-do. and as an empirical study to find the direction of improvement toward the main street from the perspective of walking, the results are as follows. First, it was found that the network had a direct (+) effect on walking satisfaction as a main street. In addition, it was analyzed that land use had no direct (+) effect on walking satisfaction on the main street, but had a direct (+) effect on the network. Second, it was analyzed from the fact that the walking environment does not have a direct (+) effect on walking satisfaction, but has a direct (+) effect on the network. and it was analyzed that the street-building relationship had a direct (+) effect on the street landscape, and the street landscape had a direct (+) effect on the walking environment. The study was completed by suggesting implications according to the above research results.

Historicizing Indigenous Democracy in the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands

In These People Have Always Been a Republic, Maurice Crandall provides a long history of Indian voting in New Mexico and Arizona, examining voting in Hopi, Pueblo, Tohono O’odham, and Yaqui communities across Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. colonialism. Crandall argues that across these three eras, Indigenous peoples “absorbed and adapted colonially imposed forms of electoral politics and exercised political sovereignty based on localized political, economic, and social needs” (4). Navigating successive colonial regimes, Indigenous communities forged distinct forms of civil governance and electoral processes within colonial structures in order to protect internal citizenship and sovereignty. In the book’s first section, Crandall focuses on the Spanish colonial period, when colonial administrators sought to “‘Hispanicize’ Indians, turning them into taxpaying citizens” (7). The first chapter examines a “commingling” of Pueblo political organization and Spanish town government, resulting in “Pueblo-Spanish repúblicas de indios” (15). In the seventeenth century, Pueblo elections increasingly mixed...

Current Dilemma and Ways of Governance: Optimized Governance of Chinese Sports and Leisure Towns

Sports and leisure characteristic towns are an inevitable product of the development of the times, and are also a significant feature of lifestyle changes. The development process will inevitably be accompanied by contradictions and problems. It needs to advance with the times and optimize governance. This study uses the method of literature data, interviews, and field surveys to analyze the practical difficulties encountered in the development of sports and leisure towns, and proposes targeted optimization solutions. The results of the study show that: at present, in the construction of sports and leisure characteristic towns, there are problems such as low integration of production and consumption, employment and life, disconnection between functions and consumer demand, insufficient industrial characteristics and the decline of industrial communities, and lack of cultural connotation. Recommendations: promote the function construction of small town communities, create small towns with complete livable and industrial functions; attach importance to cultural inheritance, reshape its cultural characteristics in combination with modern consumer needs and industrial development needs, and establish distinctive brands; build ecological industrial chains according to different types of industries, to promote the aggregation of multiple economic elements and form a platform for the upgrading and transformation of the sports industry across the entire industry chain.

Proportion of Depression and Its Associated Factors Among Youth HIV/AIDS Clients Attending ART Clinic in Dessie Town Government Health Facilities, Northeast Ethiopia.

BackgroundDepression is the most prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS than people without HIV/AIDS. Depression is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV/AIDS and adversely affects the adherence to antiretroviral therapy, quality of life, and health-related parameters.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the proportion of depression and its associated factors among youth HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinics in Dessie town Government health facilities, Northeast Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional-based cross-sectional study design was employed on 431 youth HIV/AIDS patients attending ART clinics at Dessie town Public health facilities. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. EPI-Data software version 3.1 was used to enter the data and analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with depression. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05 in the final model.ResultsThe proportion of depression among youth HIV/AIDS patients was 26.2%. The age range between 20 and 24 years (AOR = 2.019, 95% CI: 1.143–3.566), poor medication adherence (AOR = 9.007, 95% CI: 3.061–26.500), stigma (AOR = 4.14, 95% CI: 2.08–8.26), and low social support (AOR = 1.854, 95% CI: 1.034–3.324) were associated with depression.ConclusionThe proportion of depression among youth HIV patients in the current study was found to be lower compared to previous studies. Age, HIV-related stigma, social support, lost job, and poor medication adherence were found to be independent predictors of depression. Therefore, scaling up the pediatric psychosocial support program to youth psychosocial support for all ART site health facilities, strengthening health education about the medication adherence and complication of HIV/AIDS are needed.

Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chronic disease patients in Dessie town government and private hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia

Background and aimsThe novel corona virus disease which was first detected in China, December 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. In Ethiopia, the number of infected peoples has been increased from day to day, despite government mitigation measures. But in our country the psychological impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic diseases was unknown. Hence, this study was aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 and its associated factors among chronic disease patients. MethodsA facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 413 chronic disease patients in Dessie town government and private hospitals from July 20 to August 5, 2020. Impact of event scale revised questionnaire was used for data collection. Both binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were utilized to show the association between outcomes and independent variables. In multivariable analysis, significant association was declared at p-value of <0.05. ResultsOverall, COVID-19 had abnormal psychological impact on 22.8% (95% CI: 18.6–27.1) of chronic disease patients. Age, sex, duration of chronic disease, respiratory symptoms and having no social support were factors for abnormal psychological impact. ConclusionCOVID-19 had abnormal psychological impact on one-fourth of chronic disease patients. Therefore, the government, health professionals and researchers should contribute to prevent the psychological impact ofCOVID-19 on chronic disease patients.

Contracting for Geothermal in Japan

Although Japan has the third largest deposit of geothermal energy in the world, its total installed generation capacity remains paltry. In part, development has been stymied by contractual problems involving promissory credibility. By the common law of property, hot springs hotels in many areas can potentially shut down geothermal projects. Geothermal developers would make the projects worth the hotels' while if they could, but cannot credibly assure them that they (the developers) will compensate them for any damages ex post. Conversely, by the basic logic of collective action, hot springs hotels cannot credibly promise to negotiate in good faith. Because each hot springs owner may potentially have a right to enjoin the entire geothermal project, the developer faces sequential negotiations, each of them a bilateral monopoly -- and no one owner can credibly promise that all subsequent owners will negotiate in good faith. These problems are not necessarily insolvable. And the few geothermal plants that exist are disproportionately those where the hotels and developers created ways to solve these twin contractual problems. Some geothermal developers overcame their credibility problem by piping hot water to the hotels directly. Some hotels overcame their collective action problem by negotiating through their trade association or town government.

Impact of continuous Jakarta megacity urban expansion on the formation of the Jakarta-Bandung conurbation over the rice farm regions

Rapid urbanization in Asian developing countries has led to large urban agglomerations called “megacities.” The Jakarta megacity keeps growing and has extended along a corridor linking Jakarta to the Bandung metropolitan area. The continuation of this urban expansion, which converts strategic rice fields, seems unstoppable, regardless of its adverse impacts. This paper had four aims: to describe the tendencies of urban physical expansion over the last four decades in the Jakarta megacity; to portray the pattern of changes in the total population and population density along the Jakarta-Bandung urban corridor; to define the potential impact of the emergence of the Jakarta-Bandung conurbation; to explore better approaches for future mega-urban regions. GIS and remote sensing techniques were employed to identify urban expansion and the conversion of rice fields. The results showed that conurbation accelerated after the development of a highway road linking Jakarta and Bandung, and the population and built-up areas along the corridor have grown much faster than the cores of the two metropolitan areas. Four factors have likely driven this urban expansion: ineffective government policies, private settlements and new town development, private industrial estate development, and infrastructure. A critical effect of the growth in the Jakarta megacity is the conversion of rice fields in the region that support the rice stock for Western Java. This study recommends new approaches to mega-urban governance in developing countries to avoid the inefficiency of scarce resources, including industrial estates and new town governance with reliable data systems and collaborative approaches.

Detection of hypertension and its associated factors among Dessie Town Government School Staffs, Amhara Region, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2019

Detection of hypertension and its associated factors among Dessie Town Government School Staffs, Amhara Region, Dessie, Ethiopia, 2019

Innovative Exploration of Township Government in constructing a New System of Rural governance (Based on the Survey Report of the Squatting Research in Hengli Town, Dongguan city, Guangdong Province, China)

Township governance is the foundation of national governance, related to the vital interests of ordinary people, affecting the stability and development of the country. At present, China’s economic growth are entering adjustment after transformation, the development and changes of the economic foundation needs a new concept of social governance, grassroots governance must focus on the new era of new requirements, from a strategic height to grasp the law of development of the township governance, governance from the Angle of practice innovation, promote social governance system construction needs to insist on the guidance, this article through to the horizontal drain in the town of Dongguan city, Guangdong province in grass-roots community diversity co-govermnet everybody is responsible for building, everyone is responsible for all the analysis of the community of social governance of exploration and practice, put forward to further improve township government countermeasures for establishing a new system of rural governance. In Hengli Town, positive measures are explored to improve the township level administrative management system and promote collaborative innovation of rural social governance in township governance capacity, providing reference for building a new system of rural governance and exploring the township level administrative management system.

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Rurality in Urban Suburb Town and Its Driving Factors Based on Land Use Transformation

Rurality highlights the intrinsic differences between urban and rural communities. The comprehensive rurality evaluation index system is difficult to obtain indicators that reflect purely rural or urban characteristics; in addition, most of the data used in the evaluation index system come from statistical data, and the authenticity of the data cannot be guaranteed. Taking 25 towns in Lixia County and Shanghe County in Jinan city as the study area and using land use data and economic statistics data, the rurality evaluation system based on the land use transformation was constructed, the changes of the rurality index and intensity from 2009 to 2015 were calculated, and the driving factors of the rurality were analyzed. The results showed that, from 2009 to 2015, the rurality difference among towns in Lixia County decreased, the rurality difference among towns in Shanghe County increased, the rurality intensity of Lixia County was lower than that of Shanghe County, and the rurality index gap between the two counties was increasing. In 2009, the rurality grade of Lixia County was dominated by weak intensity (84.62%), and the rurality of the county changed greatly in 2015, with a large proportion (76.92%) still being weak intensity. In 2009, the proportion of relatively strong intensity was dominated (33.33%) in Shanghe County; in 2015, weak intensity accounted for a large proportion (41.67%). Changes of rurality intensity in Lixia County and Shanghe County were different. There was a significant correlation between the rurality index and geographical elevation, GDP, and the distance from the center of the town government, the road construction level, the urbanization level, and the education level. This paper can provide an empirical reference for rurality index research.

Anatomy of a Crisis: Structural Factors Contributing to the Collapse of Urban Municipal Governance in Emfuleni, South Africa

Why is urban local government failing in many South African secondary cities? Through the example of a major instance of governance collapse in the Emfuleni local municipality, this article discusses the fault lines in the legal and structural architecture underlying governance of South African cities and towns. It argues that, while human failings explain some of the municipality’s failings, there are also deeper problems around municipal demarcation, intergovernmental relations, urban autonomy, and local government financing.

Evaluation and Selection Methods of Tourism Characteristic Town: The Case of Liaoning Province, China

The construction of a characteristic town is an important measure to promote the economic transformation and upgrading of China. It also promotes the coordinated and balanced development between urban and rural areas, and the construction of new urbanization and new rural areas. At present, China’s township governments are actively declaring construction projects of characteristic town. Considering the limitation of resources and funds, the government needs to choose projects with better foundation and better development prospects to invest and build, to avoid the waste of resources brought about by blind construction. Starting from the pre-selection of the construction projects of the characteristic town, taking Liaoning Province as an example, this research divided the characteristic town into four categories. Initially established the characteristic town evaluation index system blending comprehensive and multivariate index; then optimizes the index system through the statistical analysis, reliability analysis; and validity analysis of the questionnaire survey to finally obtain the selection index system of the construction projects of the characteristic town of Liaoning Province. Secondly, using the combination of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Improved Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (Improved-TOPSIS) method, the selection evaluation model of tourism-type characteristic town construction projects are obtained. Finally, taking the three tourism-type characteristic town projects declared by Liaoning Province as an example, using the ANP and Improved-TOPSIS evaluation model to evaluate and compare the three towns. The priority of “Xietun Town, Tanghe Town, Zhaoquanhe Town” is obtained. The result is consistent with the recommended order and verifies the applicability of the selection model. At the same time, through the feedback of the evaluation process, the current development constraints of the three towns are clarified, and the future development direction of the town is pointed out.

Untangle the Complex Stakeholder Relationships in Rural Settlement Consolidation in China: A Social Network Approach

Rural settlement consolidation (RSC) has a critical role in facilitating the transformation of human settlement and land use transition in the rural revitalization process. RSC involves a diversity of stakeholder groups with complex and intertwined concerns. It is therefore crucial to identify the key stakeholders and their main concerns to effectively align rural planning and policymaking. However, this line of research remains underdeveloped. This study provides a novel and holistic network perspective for unpacking the complex relationships among different stakeholders. The results indicate: (1) the network of stakeholder concerns is relatively sparse, with 68 concern nodes and 159 concern ties; (2) The village committee, centralized residents, and contractors occupy the core position within the concerns network, while the local government has the majority of strongly connected nodes; (3) The lists of prominent concern nodes and ties are identified by different network indices, including the degree difference, the out-status centrality, closeness centrality, node betweenness centrality, and link betweenness centrality; (4) The main interaction type among stakeholder groups can be classified into five categories: financing, psychological attachment, stakeholder participation, project management, and the improvement in living conditions and infrastructure. This study reveals the relatively weak status of residents, the pivotal role of the village committee, as well as the indispensable part of the contractor and township government, with the aim to provide targeted guidance and decision-making supports for strengthening interactions and cooperation among different stakeholder groups. The findings shed new light on performing the multi-tasks of RSC and facilitating the sustainable management of rural areas.

A Study on the Practice of Distributive Leadership in Debre Markos Town Government Secondary Schools, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

A Study on the Practice of Distributive Leadership in Debre Markos Town Government Secondary Schools, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Game Analysis on Agritainment Owners' Participation in Rural Tourism Collective Management

Combing with author's field investigation of Shuikou Township in Changxing County, using the method of Game Theory and Collective Action Theory, this paper analyzes the decision-making problem of agritainment owners' participation in collective management in rural tourism. The strategies of the township government are Incentive, Negotiation and Administration, while the strategies of the agritainment owners are obedience and resistance. The game results suggest that, when developing the collective management model of rural tourism, the township government should pay attention: when making decisions, they can reduce subsidies on the agritainment owners, make it less than their costs, and then adopt the method of negotiation. Besides, additional incentives for agritainment owners can be improved to maintain the maximum profit advantage, and then incentive method can be successfully adopted.

Participatory Management, Goal Ambiguity, and Gaming Behaviors in Performance Management: Evidence from Township Government Cadres in Mainland China

Gaming behaviors are challenges to governments’ performance measurement systems. This paper presents a theory of the ways in which participatory management and goal ambiguity shape gaming behaviors in performance management. Using survey data from China, this study empirically shows that in high-incentive performance measurement systems, township government cadres’ participation in goal-setting has a significant positive effect on their gaming behaviors; cadres’ perceived goal ambiguity has a significant negative effect on their gaming behaviors; and participatory management affects gaming behaviors through goal ambiguity. This study’s findings reveal that in the context of high pressure and intense competition, gaining more useful information from participation in goal-setting and developing a deeper understanding of the evaluative goals requested by superiors may allow township government cadres to identify loopholes in performance measurement systems and seize opportunities for gaming. These findings imply that a comprehensive management strategy should be used to limit gaming behaviors.

Networked environmental governance: formal and informal collaborative networks in local China

ABSTRACT With the recent trend toward collaborative governance, governmental and nongovernmental actors are actively engaged in the environmental governance in China, forming formal and informal networks in this process. While existing research has mostly examined the formation of either formal or informal networks, few studies have examined the influence of formal networks on the formation of informal networks. This article examines the collaborative environmental governance network in China by studying the relationship between formal networks and informal networks. We conduct the research in the empirical context of local water governance in Dongguan city of Guangdong province, China. With survey data collected from 31 municipal departments, 32 town governments, 9 water-related private business and 5 NGOs, we test the hypothesis with Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) regression analysis. The results indicate that formal network does affect and contribute to the formation of informal network, and actors within the formal network are more likely to build informal relationships in environmental governance.

Krijg je nog rente voor een lied?

Abstract This article presents the first diachronic overview of the economic, social and symbolic profits of ‘city poets’ (‘stadsdichters’) in the Low Countries. From the early fifteenth century onwards, there have been many (more or less) official relationships between city councils and poets. The prominence and the form of these relationships, however, diverged greatly in different periods: whereas official appointments were the standard in the fifteenth, sixteenth and the twenty-first centuries, the period in between saw a much more diverse landscape of informal appointments and relationships. After presenting a historical overview of the role of city poets throughout the centuries, this article focuses on two well-documented periods in which formal agreements were made between town governments and poets: the late Middle Ages and the start of the 21st century. We analyze political and financial agreements explicitly in relationship to the complexities surrounding the production of city poetry. City poetry, paid by public money, is bound to be controversial: in general because its status is subject to changes and political discussions, but also because this form of commissioned poetry is sometimes seen as a form of propaganda. Official city poetry seems to flourish most in societies with a stable political-religious climate (as in the Southern Low Countries in the fifteenth and sixteenth century) and/or with a keen interest in city marketing (as in Flanders and the Netherlands in the twenty-first century).

Study on the influence of water systems and roads based on arcgis on the layout and morphology of the forest plates in western Sichuan

The research is about the influence of water source and road traffic conditions on the layout and pattern of the forest plates in western Sichuan, which provides a scientific basis for the quantitative description of the forest plates in western Sichuan. This paper establishes the gis research platform based on the relevant basic data of the research area provided by the Deyuan Town Government. The buffer zone analysis, neighborhood analysis, fractal analysis and variance analysis were used to study the relationship between the shape and pattern of the forest plates and the water system and the road. The trend model of the forest plates’ circular rate and the distance between the road and the water system was constructed respectively. The research results are that the optimal distribution distance of the forest plates from the water system is 10∼40m. The optimal distribution distance of the forest plates from the road is less than 50m. In the buffer zone of 0-50m and above, the road has a greater influence on the morphology of the forest plates. The trend model of the forest plates’ circular rate and the distance between the road and the water system respectively is nonlinear. Compared with the water system, the forest plates tends to be distributed in places with better road conditions.