Towns In Poland Research Articles

Modernization of underground pipes in towns in Poland

Renovation of the existing, worn-out network infrastructure in Polish towns is one of the basic elements necessary to make those towns conform to European standards. This problem has gained significance, especially in light of Poland's efforts to join the European Union. Rehabilitation of pipes is necessary as a result of the poor technical condition of pipes, their inefficiency, or the location of the pipes (e.g., in a location that interferes with planned development of underground space in towns). Trenchless technologies for renovation of underground network infrastructure are discussed, from technologies used for single pipes to multiconduit tunnels as a method for achieving complex modernization of infrastructure. Economic, technical, and legislative problems connected with the use of these solutions are also presented.

Impact of political and economic transitions on small towns in Poland: The case of Northern Masovia

Impact of political and economic transitions on small towns in Poland: The case of Northern Masovia

Lichen flora of Tomaszów Mazowiecki

In Tomaszow Mazowiecki, a mall town in Poland with the air highly contaminated with gases as SO2, CS2, H2S, a flora of epiphytic and epilithic lichens is present. Lichens are not indicators of air pollution. They are indicators of a complex of microclimatic conditions that enable them to maintain for life a positive balance of assimilation and of respiratory processes in a given station within the town as well as in natural habitats.

Adaptive reuse of commercial and public buildings in Wroclaw Old Town in Poland. The occupant’s safety and comfort versus preservation of authenticity of monumental buildings

There are more than a hundred historic public buildings in the centre of Wrocław, adapted to fulfill modern commercial function. Against the background of today’s cosmopolitan shopping centers and office buildings, these buildings are distinguished by stylish architecture, maintained in eclectic, Art Nouveau or modernist forms. In the process of renewal of such monumental buildings, there is a need to reconcile the requirement for maximum protection of the historic material with safety and comfort of use. The multi-disciplinary construction design constituting the basis for the adaptive reuse of the heritage building must be preceded by conservation research and concept designs simulating possible program options. This allows linking the assessment of the value of the architecture with a choice of the matching function corresponding to the location and historic structure of the building. The further multi-disciplinary design process and implementation of such a project should be based on the Research by Design scheme. This allows for control of the implementation of the project and to rationalize the necessary upgrade of the facility with the application of such space and technical solutions that limit the destruction of its historic substance. The paper presents conclusions from several adaptive reuse projects carried out in such a way, in which it was possible to create high-class department stores, banks, hotels or prestigious offices inside the heritage buildings. The essence of these developments was to preserve the authenticity of the monumental building, while providing the necessary infrastructure, plant rooms and equipment guaranteeing safety and comfort of use.

Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in the autopsy material deriving from big towns in Poland during one year.

Atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in the autopsy material deriving from big towns in Poland during one year.

The Polish Dominican Province To‐Day

The Dominican map of Poland is a queer one. It is true that one can hardly find a town in Poland without a Dominican church and priory (the fathers numbered more than 2,000 and had about 200 houses at the first partition in 1772), but the churches do not belong now to the Order and the priories are being used as schools or prisons. For in the provinces occupied by Russia and Germany in 1772 and 1795, i.c. in 80% of the Polish territory, the religious life was proscribed and the monasteries confiscated. What we see now on the Dominican map is the result of this historical fact, combined with the striving of the new Polish Province to re-occupy its right place in Catholic life of the whole country.So it happens that the bulk of the priories is situated in the south, in the former ‘Galicia.’ There the Dominicans had eleven out of their 16 houses which were nourishing in 1939—among them the venerable Monastery of Cracow, tlie great tormer ‘studium generale’ of Podkamien with about 300 cells, and the actual seat of the Provincial with its fine baroque church at Lwow. The other priories are small and unimportant relics of the time when the Austrian Government allowed the religious orders to exist only on condition that they occupied themselves exclusively in plain parish work.