Tow Groups Research Articles

Effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of Cyclin D1 in astrocytes under hypoxia/reoxygenation

Objective To explore the changes of astrocytes in vitro on the expression of Cyclin D1 under normal and hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. Methods The primary astrocytes were isolated from the cortex of SD fetal rats(less than 24 hours) and identified by immunosytochemical method with anti-GFAP antibody after 3 passages. Astrocytes of passage 3 were divided into normal group(control group), hypoxia/reoxygenation group(H/R 37℃), and mild hypothermiaintervention group(H/R 32℃)separately.Astrocytes from the later tow groups were reoxygenated with 4, 12, and 20 hours separately after exposed to hypoxia conditions for 8 hours. Trypan blue staining was employed to detect the survival rates and immunofluorescence, western-blot were used to analyse the expressin of Cyclin D1 of of astrocytes of different groups and time points. Results 1.The GFAP positive astrocytes from passage 3 exceeded 95%.2.With regard to morphology and survival rates, there is no difference between astrocytes of normal and hypothermia groups after 8 hours exposure to hypoxia conditions.Reoxygenation could obviously rise astrocytes mortality with time went by(H/R 37℃ group: 12.87±2.76(R4), 31.55±3.00(R12), 46.40±8.50(R20); H/R 32℃ group: 6.77±1.53(R4), 15.97±4.00(R12), 28.33±5.69(R20); all P<0.05).3.Immunofluorescence and western-blot revealed that reoxygenation increased Cyclin D1 expression markedly, which was proportional to the duration of reoxygenation.Mild hypothermia could reduce Cyclin D1 expression of astrocytes severely under reoxygenation condition. Conclusion Cyclin D1 expression can be regarded as a sensitive index of damage to astrocytes caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions. Key words: Astrocyte; Cyclin D1; Hypoxia/reoxygenation; Mild hypothermia; Cell cycle

Hematopoietic reconstitution on the prognosis of hematological malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

To analyze the impact of the time to hematopoietic reconstitution on the prognosis of hematological malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). 173 patients with hematological malignancies treated with allo-HSCT (excluding umbilical cord blood transplantation) at Peking University first Hospital between 2003 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. According to the median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment, the patients were divided into tow groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS), transplant-related mortality (TRM), relapse rate (RR) and prognostic factors were analyzed. The quicker neutrophil engraftment group with an estimated 5-year OS rate of 66.63%, 5-year TRM of 21.58% and 5-year RR of 18.65%. The slower neutrophil engraftment group with OS of 61.84%, TRM of 24.14% and RR of 23.57%. Univariate analysis demonstrated that no relationship was found between time to neutrophil engraftment and OS, TRM and RR (P = 0.462, P = 0.893, P = 0.545, respectively). There seems to be a trend toward increasing incidence of OS in quicker platelet engraftment group(OS were 69.44% and 54.31%, respectively), but no significant difference (P = 0.065). TRM were 19.13% and 25.45%, respectively (P = 0.424), RR were 17.36% and 24.71%, respectively (P = 0.251). Multivariate analyses showed that the time to neutrophil engraftment was not a significant risk factor for prognosis, the time to platelet engraftment was an independent risk factor for OS and TRM, but not a significant risk factor for RR. Pre-transplantation disease status was the only independent prognostic factor for RR. The time to platelet engraftment was a significant predictor after allo-HSCT. Early platelet engraftment increased OS, which this may be due to decreasing TRM.

P-922 - Comparisonal investigation of personality traits and learning methods in nongovernmental university students and distance education university students

Aim The purpose of the study was investigation of personality traits and learning methods in distance education university students. Method The statistical populations were 421 distance education and nongovernmental university students that were randomly selected and responded to Kolb learning styles inventory (LSI) and five - factor personality test (NEO - FFI). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, variance and standard deviation) and inferential statistics with independent T test. Results Findings showed significant differences in personality components in two groups. This means that distance education university students have more scores in Neuroticism, Extroversion and Openness to new experiences than nongovernmental university students. But there is not differencein learning methods in tow groups.

The Effects of Cognitive and Meta-Cognitive Methods of Teaching in Mathematics

This research has been done to study the effects of cognitive and meta-cognitive methods of teaching in better learning and educational progress of mathematics subject .The method which used in this research was quasi-test with pre-test,post-test scheme .Tool of research was a 14-item questionnaire about mathematics subject. Reliability of tool has been measured by retesting with coefficient-coincidence of 80% and validity of questionnaire has been proved by some experienced teachers. Statistical universe of the research include all grad-one boys and girls student of ilam high schools in 2006-2007 school year (1385-1386). Statistical sample was 200 grad-one-students who were selected based on multistage random sampling method. This sample group divided to tow groups of test group. 100 students,and control group, 100 students. The test group has been disposed to 12 sessions of cognitive and meta-cognitive methods of teaching and counseled by researchers but the control group was taught by typical and common methods of teaching mathematics in schools. Then the results with use of descriptive and inferential analysis (dependent &independent t-test) were analyzed by spss software. The results of research showed cognitive and meta-cognitive methods of teaching had positive effects on educational progress of student mathematics and it is an effective method for teaching mathematics for high school student. Ther was no positive relation between of boys and girls average grades. also the results showed that there is a positive relation between average grades of girls of control group and test group and also between average grades of boys of control group and test group.

Effect of nursing intervention therapy on the symptoms of patients suffering from stomch cancer

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention on anxiety and adverse reactions in stomach cancer patients.Methods One hundred and twenty stomach cancer patients were divided into intervention group and control group.The patients in the intervention group received music therapy,and health belief model on the basis of routine nursing care.Individuals in control group were treated only with routine nursing care.State Anxiety Inventory was administered.Results State anxiety score in intervention group was lower than that in control group(P ＜ 0.05);Among them the interention group anorexia was 2.10％,and 4.25％ in control group,comparative differencos between tow groups were statistically significant(x2 =5.08,P =0.031).Conclusions Health belief model and music relaxation therapy can alleviate adverse reactions and anxious of patients. Key words: Stomach neoplasm; Comprehensive nursing intervention; Physiological reaction

Effects of sevoflurane inhalation combined with iv injection of remifentanil in cesarean section

Objective To investigate the effects ofsevoflurane inhalation combined with iv injection ofremifentanil in cesarean section, and to compared with isoflurane combined with fentanyl. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ puerperas （23-32 years old） were randomly divided into 2 groups： sevoflurane group （ I group） and isoflurane group （Ⅱ group）, 20 cases for each group. Group I was induced with mask inhalation of 3.5% of sevoflurane in 2-4 L/minutes oxygen and iv injection of remifentanil 1μg/kg, propofol 1 mg/kg and benzene cisatracurium 0.1mg/kg; group Ⅱ were induced with injectionoffentanyl0.02mg/kg, propofol2mg/kgandbenzenecisatracurium0.1 mg/kg. Anesthesia maintenance patients in I group were inhaled with 1.5%-3.5% sevoflurane, then administrated remifentanil 0.15 μ g/（kg＇min） by intravenous injection after foetus delivery; patients in I group were inspired 1.0%~2.5% isoflurane , then administrated fentanyl 0.02 mg/kg by intravenous injection after foetus delivery. Blood samples were taken from umbilical artery（UA） within 1 minute after the delivery of the baby for blood gas analysis. SBP, DBP, SPO2, HR, the anesthesia recovery time, the Apgar scores at 1, 5 and 10 minutes after the delivery of the baby and the umbilical artery blood gas analysis results of these newborns were be recorded.Results The heart rate and the blood pressure in group I maintain steady basically in induction and surgery（P 〉 0.05）. The heart rate and the blood pressure in group 11 compare Ⅰ group obvious decreased after induction （P〈 0.05）. The time of extubation （10.3 ± 3.2） minutes and opening eyes （15.4 ±2.3） minutes independently was obviously earlier in group I than in group Ⅱ（18.5 ±6.3） minutes, （25.6 ± 3.5） minutes after the surgery（P〈 0.05）.Apgar scores and umbili- cal artery blood gas analysis results of two groups were similar. （P〉 0.05）; There were no respiratory depression in the tow groups of newborns and no intraoperative awareness in the tow groups of maternal. Conclusion Anesthesia of sevoflurane inhalation combined with remifentanil is stable and effective and provide quick recovery for cesarean section. And there is no respiratory depression in the newborns. Key words: Sevoflurane ; Remifentanil; Cesarean section

Application of intracolonic bypass procedure in anus-preserving operation for acute obstructive low and middle rectal cancer

Objective To introduce a novel technique of intracolonic shunt procedure used in the anus - preserving operation for acute intestinal obstruction resulted from cancer at low and middle portions of rectum and assess the clinical significance. Methods In total, 81 patients with acute obstruction of low and middle portion of rectum caused by cancer were randomly ( random number) divided into control group and study group. In control group, 42 patients were operated with preventive transverse colonostomy or terminal ileum stoma after low proximal resection of rectum involved in cancer, while 39 patients were operated with intracolonic shunt procedure by using a biodegradable anastomosis ring and a condom placed 5 cm above anastomosis for protection in study group. Results There were no significant differences in sex, age, tumor site, tumor size and the distance from anstomosis to anal-edge between two groups. In both groups, the bowel movement resumed in 2 ~ 5 days after operation (P > 0.05). In study group, the rate of anastomosis leakage was 7.7% (3/39), and leakages were treated with drainage for 7.1 days in average to be healed, and the biodegradable anastomosis ring detached and were discharged in 14 -23 days (17 days in average), and there were no complications of drainage happened. The anastomotic stenosis occurred in three patients (7. 7% ) within 6 months after operation. In control group, 11.9% patients (5/42) had anastomosis leakage and they treated with drainage for 18.2 days in average to get the leakage healed, and 35. 7% patients (15/42) had stoma complications, and anastomotic stenosis happened in 28.6% patients (12/42) within 6 months after operation, and 7. 1% patients need another operation because of severe anastomosis stenosis. There were no significant differences in rate of anastomosis leakage between tow groups ( P > 0. 05), but there were significant differences in drainage days after anstomosis leakage happened and 6 - months anastomosis stenosis between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions In the anus -preserving operation for acute intestinal obstruction at low and middle portions of rectum caused by cancer , the intracolonic shunt procedure is convenient and safty, and reduces the hazard incurred by anastomosis leakage and anastomosis stenosis compared with classic stoma operation. Key words: Intracolonic bypass; Rectal neoplasm; Acute intestinal obstrution; Biofragmentable anastomotic ring; Condom; Stoma; Anastomotic leakage; Anastomotic stenosis

Study of Genetic Aberrations of Sex Chromosome for Turner Syndrome in Peripheral

In this study we do achromosomal analysis to 26 iraqi patients with confirmed Turner Syndrom , after subjected to medical examination by their doctors. Turner Syndrom is achromosomal abnormalities in X chromosome .the age of pateins are among (5-25) years old and divided into tow groups ,the first one is patients with age below 12 years old and the second is patients with age above 12 years old.The goal of this study is to understand the major causes of increase the genetic disorders in Iraq .The results showed in group one founds normal genetic structure in all examined cells,but in group tow its found eight case from twenty one case had Turner Syndrom ,due to the absence of one of the X chromosome ,under chromosomal profilic (45X0). And (Xp-,Xq-,iX) with variation in its frequency between patients . The conclusion was increase in chromosom changes due to several factors such as pollutions.

Effect of Externally Bonded Strips of Polymer Fiber (frp) on the Shear Strength of R.C Beam

This research includes the findings of a workable study investigation for topic of externally strengthening by polymer fiber strips (FRP) of shear span and its impact on the behavior of reinforced concrete beams. The study was carried out by casting (18) concrete beams (1000mm) in length, (150mm) in width and (200mm) in height reinforced by longitudinal steel bars to avoid flexure failure. Two of these beams were considered as controlling beams where its shear span was left without external wrapping by fiber strips. The remaining beams were divided into tow groups where its shear span was wrapped from the bottom and the sides by glass fiber (GFRP) or carbon fiber (CFRP) at (90˚) angle for the first group and (45˚) angle for the second. After these beams were tested the result showed that externally strengthening by polymer fiber strips increases shear strength of the wrapped beams compared to the controlling beams (unwrapped) at ratios based on type of fibers strips, strips thickness and declination. The increase has reached (10% - 28%) for wrapped beams at an angle of (90˚) and (20% - 44%) for wrapped beams at an angle of (45˚). Externally strengthening also increases the absorption energy as well as reducing wrapped beams, ductility compared to controlling beams (unwrapped) with (12% - 23%) for the wrapped beams at an angle of (90˚) and (14% - 37%) for the wrapped beams at an angle of (45˚). .

The effect of bisoprolol with fosinopri on hypertension patients with left ventricular diastolic insufficiency

Objective To evaluate the effect of bisoprolol with fosin-opri on hypertension patients with left ventricular diastolic insufficiency. Methods A total of 82 hypertension patients with left ventricular diastolic insufficiency were randomly devided into tow groups. 41cases were given bisoprolol with fosinopri, the rest were given fosinopri. The course of che-motherapy was 16 weeks. To test the statistical difference of pre-pos treatment by Doppler tissue Imaging, which contains IVRT, E pead,A peak, E/A, HR and BP. Results The patients in the combinative group had a signifi-cantly change in before and after 16 weeeks(P ＜0.01). Conclusion The combinative of bisoprolol with fosinopri in hypertension patients with left ventricular diastolic has a better effect than fosinopri only. Key words: Hypertension; Left ventricular diastolic; Fosinopri; Bisoprolol

E0434 The effects of Proton pump inhibitors on Clopidogrel efficacy in patients with ACS through PCI in China

BackgroundAlmost all kinds of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), especially Omeprazole, have been reported to inhibit the antiplatelet activation of clopidogrel in the therapy of coronary artery disease and were associated...

Biomechanical study of poly DL-lactic acid biodegradable fusion cage of the lumbar vertebrae

Objective To investigate biomechanical analysis of poly DL-lactic acid (PDLLA)biodegradable fusion cage of the lumbar vertebrae in vivo degradation. Methods Forty-eight healthy adult porcine were divided into experimental group and control group at randomly. PDLLA cage full of autogenous bone and bone block with the same size were planted in L45 intervertebrae respectively. At the 1st, 3rd, 6th,9th, 12th, and 18th month postoperatively, the animals were sacrificed and the surgical spinal segment was observed. The range of motion (ROM) was measured. Results The ROMs had no statistical differences at all motion directions between the two froups at the 1st month postoperatively. But the ROMs of experimental group were greater than those of control group at extension direction at the 3rd and 6th month postoperatively. The ROMs of extension was the greatest while the ROMs of right rotation was the least in both groups. At the 9th month postoperatively: the ROMs of experimental group greater than those of control group except at rotation. The ROMs of right rotation was the least in both groups. The greatest ROMs was at extension in experimental group and at right bending in control group. ALL ROMs tended to decrease and the ROMs of extension had comparability between tow groups. At the 12th month postoperatively, experimental group had greater ROMs at extension and left bending and less ROMs at other directions. Likewise statistical differences showed only at extension. 18th month postoperatively all ROMs were close between two groups. Conclusion After PDLLA cage is planted, the first 3 months is autologous stable stage. The period of 3rd to 6th months is easily released stage. The operative segments are stable from 9th to 12th months and acquired.Critical period between stability and instability is from 6th to 9th months. Bone fusion is from 12th to 18th months postoperatively. Key words: Lumbar vertebrae; Spinal fusion; Biomechanics

Color damage in patients with idiopathic optical neuritis after the treatment

Objective To detect the color damage in patients with idiopathic optical neuritis (ION) after the treatment. Methods A total of 26 ION patients (44 eyes) with ION whose visual acuity were above 1. 0 were collected. All the patients had undergone the treatment of incretion and had the visual acuity more than 1. 0 after the treatment. The results of MRI and blood examination were normal. Another 24 healthy persons were selected as the normal control. Total error scores (TES) and each error score of red, green and blue were measured via Farnsworth Munsell-100 hue tester. The TES origin scores and their square roots were used for a statistical analysis. The results of the two groups were compared. Results There were significant differences in TES and its square roots between ION group and the normal control group (t=3.079,3. 133;P = 0. 0033,0. 0026). The differences in the level of error scores of each color between the tow groups were not significant (t = 1. 91, 1.15, 1.62;P = 0.061, 0.26, 0.11);but the differences in the square roots of red color between the two groups were statistically (t=2. 21, P = 0. 031).Conclusion After the treatment, the visual acuity of ION patients increases, but the color damage still exist;red color damage happens first. Key words: Color vision defects/pathophysiology; Optic neuritis/complications; Optic neuritis/therapy; Color perception tests/utilization

Experimental study on prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection by Lactobacillus acidophilus in C57BL/6 mice

Objective To investigate the potential effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L6 on prevention and treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in animal models. Methods A total of 200 hundred C57BL/6 mice were used in the study. ① Sixty mice were divided into control group (infected with H. pylori) and prevention group (previously treated with L6 and followed by infection with H. pylori) with 30 each. The incidence of H. pylori infection was compared between two groups.② Sixty mice were divided into control group (infected with H. pylori) and treatment group (infected with H. pylori for 4 weeks and followed by treatment with L6) with 30 each. The changes of H. pylori infection was compared between tow groups. ③ Eighty mice previously infected with H. pylori were orally administrated with L6 in the water supply over a period of 9 months. Of which, 40 H. pylori negative mice were either continuously or discontinuously treated with L6. The re-infection of H. pylori was compared between two groups. The H. pylori infection, gastric mucosal inflammatory and serum anti-H. pylori-lgG titer was measured by using urea breath test, histopathology and ELISA, respectively. Results The positive rate of H. pylori infection was 100% in control group and 20% in prevention group (pre-treated with L6 for 1 week). Whereas there was no H. pylori infection in the rest mice of prevention group pre-treated with L6 for 2 or 4 weeks. There was significant difference in H. pylori infection between two groups (P<0. 05). The serum anti-H. pylori IgG titer was lower in treatment group than in control group (P<0. 05). The reinfection of H. pylori in mice continuously treated with L6 was significantly lower than those discontiously treated with L6 (P<0. 05). Conclusions Preventively feeding L6 can significantly reduce the H. pylori infection in C57BL/6 mice, whereas the inhibition of H. pylori re-infection can also be achieved with long-term administration of L6. Key words: Lactobacillusacidophilus; Helicobacter pylori; Animal experimentation

Age Differences In Total And Regional Skeletal Muscle Mass, Posture Control And Physical Working Capacity

Aging is associated with a progressive decline of muscle mass, strength, bone mineral density (BMD) and quality, i.e., a condition described as sarcopenia from aging. The balance ability in elderly people depends on their muscular strength and physical working capacity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine control of sit-to-stand, quiet standing, skeletal muscle mass and muscular strength in young and elderly people. METHODS: Healthy young (n=8, age 21.5±1.1yrs, height 169.1±6.4cm, body weight 60.3±6.7kg) and elderly (n=5, age 68.4±4.3yrs, height 162.2±5.7cm, body weight 63.2±7.4kg) male subjects participated in this study. The grip strength, flexibility (sitting trunk flexion), and knee extension muscular strength (30-second chair-stand test; CS-30) of all subjects were measured. The displacements of COP of ground reaction forces were recorded at a frequency of 20 Hz while the subjects were standing still on a force platform for 30 seconds, and the total length of COP displacements was calculated. The thickness of 9 muscles was measured by B-mode ultrasonograph to estimate the total for the whole body and regional skeletal muscle mass by the method of Sanada et al. (Eur J Appl Physiol, 96: 24-31, 2006). RESULTS: In comparison with the young subjects, the elderly subjects were significantly lower in predicted skeletal muscle mass of trunk (37%), thigh (19%), lower leg (22%) and the total for the whole body (24%), and CS-30 (38±4 vs. 16±2 times, p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the tow groups in arm skeletal muscle mass and BMD. A significant age difference did exist for the mean anterior-posterior (A/P) length of COP displacements (31.0±6.2 vs. 41.8±5.0 mm, p<0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between CS-30 and A/P length of COP displacements (r=-0.709, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results reconfirmed that muscle mass, leg strength, and the ability of balance control reduced in the natural aging process. The present study was suggested that the negative correlation between CS-30 and A/P length of COP displacements indicated a conservative enlargement of the muscle mass of the supporting limb by strength training. This conservative strategy may be related to the prevention of accidental fall that causes injury and death in the elderly people.

The Effection of Teaching by Cooperative Learning Method in reducing the Anxiety Level in Learning the tennis Transmission Skill in Volleyball

Aims of this research : - Check up the influence of cooperative learning in reducing the anxiety level of high school female students, in volleyball. - Checkup the activity of using cooperative learning method in learning the tennis transmission skill. The researchers supposed the following : - There are many abstract content differences between the tow groups of research (experimental and control) about the activity of cooperative learning in reducing the anxiety level of high school female students. - There are many abstract content differences between the tow groups of research about the activity of teaching by use the cooperative method in learning tennis transmission skill. The researchers used the experimental method for its suitability to the research complexion, the specimen consisted of female students from tow groups of fifth class that had been choosen randomly from three groups (16 students from each groups), after elimination some of them because the were unlikeness with the others. This specimen formed a good rate of(% 36.78) per cent form the total basic research. The parity between the groups was made in variable of ( ago, length, cluster, and some elements of physical fitness and motor skills) affecting in learning the tennis transmission skill that opposite the top. The researchers depended on the experimental design which called ((the design of randomly checkup equivalent groups that have following and anteriority notation)). This curriculum had been done in Saturday 28/march/ 2009 , in (4) weeks at the rate of (6) education units, (45) minute for each one after collection and evacuation, the data had been processed statically by using ( arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percent, and (T) test for two equal specimens. Conclusion : The researchers conctuded the following :- -The cooperative learning is an active method for teaching the female students the transmission skill technically. - The progress of the cooperative learning method on the classical one, in learning the tennis transmission skill . The researcher recommended the following : 1. Stress on using the cooperative learning method to learn skills of volleyball. 2. Making similar studies of other skills in volleyball.

Study of inhaling oxygen associate with 5% Sb intravenous drip to the collare and shoulder pain after Gynecology Pefitoneoscopy operation caused by the CO2

Objective To study the effect of inhaling oxygen associate with 5% Sb intravenous drip on the collate and shoulder pain which had occurred by CO2 pneumoperitoneum for patients with gynecological pefitoneoscopy. Methods Divided 150 patients who had accepted gynecological pefitoneoscopy into the observation group(75 cases)and the control group(75 cases)randomly. The inhaling oxygen were used in the control group, while the inhaling oxygen associate with 5% Sb intravenous drip were used in the observation group. Observe the last time and the degree of the collare and shoulder pain after operation about the tow groups. Results Both the pain's last time and the degree of the observation group are less than the control group. Conclusion Inhaling oxygen associate with 5% Sb intravenous drip for patients who have accepted the gynecological pefitoneoscopy can efective prevent the collare and shoulder pain. Key words: Pefitoneoscopy; Collare and shoulder pain after operation; Oxygen; 5%Sb; Effect

Compare Propofol combined with Remifentanil total intravenous anaesthesia with Propofol combined with isoflurane infusion-intravenous undergoing laparoscopic operation

Objective To evaluation the effects of immune status from Compare propofol combined with remifentanil total intravenous anaesthesia undergoing laparoscopic operation. Methods 100 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients undergoing cysticolithby laparoscopic were randomly allocated into 2 groups ( n = 50 ); Group A: propofol combined with remifentanil total intravenous anaesthesia; Group B: propofol combined with isoflurane infusion-intravenous anaesthesia. MAP、HR and Blood Glue of before anaesthesia、pneumoperitoneum immediately、20 min after pneumoperitoneum and postoperative immediately for tow groups patients were recorded. Results MAP、HR at pneumoperitoneum immediately, group A was lowest than group B ( P ＜ 0.01 ); Blood Glue at 20 min after pneumoperitoneum and postoperative immediately, group A was lower than group B ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Propofol combined with remifentanil total intravenous anaesthesia can more effective to prevent the effects of immune status from CO2 pneumoperitoneum than propofol combined with isoflure infusion-intravenous. Key words: Laparoscopic operation; Remifentanil; Propofol; Total intravenous anaesthesia; Isoflurane infusion-intravenous anaesthesia

The concentration changes during two low initial fresh gas flow and 2% sevoflurane wash tn semiclosed-circuit anesthesia

Objective To investigate the concentration changes of sevoflurane during semiclosedcircuit anesthesia with two low initial fresh gas flow. Methods Forty ASAⅠ-Ⅱ patients undergoing operation were randomly allocated to one of two equal groups （ n = 20）, The vaporize setting of both group were fixed at 2% sevoflurane,group A and group B receive either 2.0 or 1.0 L/rain fresh gas flow. The inspired （F1） ,end-tidal （FA ）, and ratio FA/F1 sevoflurane concentrations were estimated. Results After 120 minutes of sevoflurane anesthesia the inspired and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration were （ 1.47 ± 0.12） % versus （1.69 ±0.09）% （P〈0.01） in the group A and （1.23 ±0.13）% versus（1.46 ±0.11）% （P〈 0.01 ） in the group B. The ratio end-tidal and inspired concentrations/vaporizer setting was 0.73 ± 0.07 and 0.85 ± 0.08 in the group A versus 0.62 ± 0.06 and 0.73 ± 0.07 in the group B. For the ratio inspired and end-tidaL/vaporizer setting there were significant difference between the groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The estimated ratio end-tidal/inspired was 0.87 ± 0.08 in the group A versus 0.85 ± 0.09 in the group B （ P 〉 0. 05 ）. Conclusion After 120 minutes of sevotlurane anesthesia at a vaporizer setting of 2% there is a significant difference between tow groups for inspired and end-tidal concentrations, but not for the ratio FA/F1. Key words: Low-flow anesthesia ; Inhalation ; Semiclosed-circuit ; Sevoflurane

Observation on PCEA and PCIA after hypospadias surgery in pediatric patients

Objective To study the analgesia and side effects among hcl tromadol combined ropivacaine epidural analgesia, hcl tromadol combined fentanyl intravenous analgesia after hypospadias surgery in pediatric patients. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ patients aged 3 ～ 8 yr undergoing hypospadias surgery were randomly allocated into two groups( n = 30). Group A(PCEA, n = 30) :administrated with 3 ml of 1 mg/kg hcl tromadol and 0. 125% ropivacaine through epidural catheter 30 min before the ending of surgery,0. 5 mg/kg hcl tromadol、0. 125 % ropivacaine and 0. 05 mg/kg droperidol were mixed to 100 ml, administrated through epidural catheter;Group B (PCIA, n = 30) :1 mg/kg hcl tromadol 、0. 001 mg/kg fentanyl and 0.05 mg/kg droperidol were mixed to 100 ml, administrated through venoclysis;Two groups were used the same arguments of continuous dose 1 ml/h 、PCA dose 1 ml and limit time 10 min. Analgesia was evaluated using VAS, the analgesia、HR 、SpO2 and side effects were recorded at 1 h、3 h、6 h 、12 h、24 h、48 h after operation. Results The VAS score and HR had no difference between group A and group B(P ＞0. 05) ;Group B were lower than group A on SpO2 at 1 h and 3 h after operation (P< 0. 05 ), but no difference between tow groups on the other (P ＞ 0. 05 ). 6 cases had nausea、vomiting and 5 cases had sleepy in group B(P<0. 01 ). Conclusion The effect of PCEA is the same as PCIA after hypospadias surgery in pediatric patients, but the side effects of PCIA are more than PCEA, PCEA is more perfectly. Key words: Hypospadias; PCEA; PCIA