Tourist Trips Research Articles

“The Golden billion” of tourism: ecological and economical limits study

In the article, based on the analysis of statistical indicators of the world and national tourism (in 112 countries), studying tourists impact on the destinations natural environment, the change in the indicator of average expenditures of a foreign tourist in the period 1995 - 2022 is assessed, its values are correlated with the dynamics of national inflation and fluctuations in the exchange rates of national currencies at the current moment considering temporary lags. An assumption is made regarding the limit value of one billion international tourist trips per year as a condition for economies of scale in the global tourism industry, a time lag of one year is determined as a condition for the impact of national inflation on the amount of foreign tourist expenditures, and the insignificance of the impact of the national currency exchange rate on the dynamics of tourism expenditures is substantiated.

DEMAND OF A TOURISTIC TRIPS ON THE FRAME OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL UTILITY THEORY

The research deals with the study and analysis linking the demand for tourist trips (tourism demand) and the theory of the diminishing marginal utility as an attempt to solve a fundamental problem within this framework, which is the absence of economic literature from referring to tourism services with other services and goods addressed in the interpretation of concepts of theory, In addition, the economic tourism literature is devoid of scientific studies that deal with this subject, except for the existence of theoretical hypotheses presented by Professor Ismail Mohammed Al-Dabbagh () The theory of diminishing marginal utility applies to tourism services like other services and goods, but this assumption lacks practical and scientific proof. We will try to prove this hypothesis. The research tools for the use of the statistical program (Amos-24) were the statistical data obtained from the questionnaire distributed over the research sample. The research concludes with the main conclusion of proving the main and subsidiary research hypothesis and that the demand for tourist trips is not subject to the applications of the diminishing marginal utility, and therefore a set of recommendations has been developed that contribute to important solutions within the framework of the study.

Multi-Objective Trip Planning With Solution Ranking Based on User Preference and Restaurant Selection

The tourist trip design problem (TTDP) helps the trip planners, such as tourists, tour companies, and government agencies, automate their trip planning. TTDP solver chooses and sequences an optimal subset of point of interest (POIs), which adhere to the POIs attributes and tourist preferences, and then generates a travel itinerary that maximizes their pleasure. However, the traditional TTDP does not include the lunch period at a local restaurant, which causes the rest of the itinerary in the afternoon to shift, nor compulsory POIs that the trip planners must be included in the itinerary. Moreover, as tourism contributes to high greenhouse gas emissions, especially from its transportation, minimizing the itinerary’s total distance is also considered. Unfortunately, this objective conflicts with the profit scores; no single itinerary can optimize both objectives simultaneously. Hence, the multi-objective technique and the results of non-dominated itineraries can be organized as a Pareto front. The trip planners can choose one suitable itinerary from the Pareto front based on their preferences. To address these real-world issues, we formulate a new variant of the well-known orienteering problem with time windows (OPTW) called the multi-objective orienteering problem with Time Windows, Restaurant Selection, and Compulsory POIs (MOPTW-RSCP). The proposed problem is provided with a mathematical formulation and two exact algorithms for solving them, i.e., greedy and branch-and-cut Pareto-based techniques. The algorithms’ performance is tested against the Rattanakosin island (the old city of Bangkok) dataset. We conduct 24 test cases, and the computational results confirm the algorithms’ efficiency.

A Multimodal Tourist Trip Planner Integrating Road and Pedestrian Networks

A Multimodal Tourist Trip Planner Integrating Road and Pedestrian Networks

Զբոսաշրջությունը Ռուսաստանում ռուս-ուկրաինական պատերազմից առաջ և պատերազմի ընթացքում / Tourism in Russia Before and During the Russian-Ukrainian War

Russia has many tourism attractions that form a basis for the development of many types of tourism. The paper presents the main statistical data on tourism in Russia before and during the war. According to the data, in 2021 7.1 million incoming tourists visited Russia, and in the first half of 2022 - 3.7 million tourists, which is 29.6% more than in the same period of the previous year. The number of tourist trips of Russian citizens abroad in 2021 increased by 55.3% compared to 2020 and amounted to 19.2 million trips. In 2021, only 432,429 tourists from Russia visited Armenia, the highest figure was in 2019 - 544,034 people. The number of tourist trips of Russian citizens abroad in the first half of 2022 increased by 36.1% compared to the first half of 2021 and amounted to 8.0 million trips. In 2021, the total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP in Russia amounted to 3.7% of the total economy (4862.3 billion rubles). The Russian-Ukrainian war caused significant economic damage throughout the world. Together, Russian and Ukrainian tourists spent a total of $45 billion a year before the COVID-19 pandemic. According to forecasts this year up to 45 million Russians will travel within their country. This is 10 times more than the number of people traveling to Turkey. Due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the number of Russian tourists to Armenia has increased. Taking into account the high potential of the Russian market as a target market for Armenia, its large population, we can attract more tourists from Russia

Status of Napoleon wrasse in Laamu Atoll, Maldives, after three decades of protection

The Napoleon or humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is a large, globally threatened coral reef fish. In recognition of suspected declines and considering its ecotourism importance, the Maldives was the first country to ban its export in 1995. The present study, a quarter-century after the ban, documents the species around Laamu Atoll, southern Maldives, using dive guides and researchers to conduct surveys during commercial dive tourism trips. Data were collected on abundance, body size, and potential spawning sites in 4 habitat types: channels (reef passes to open ocean), inner reefs (reef slopes inside the atoll), outer reefs (reef slopes outside the atoll), and faros (isolated submerged reefs inside the atoll). Abundance was recorded in number of fish per hectare, and fish length was classified as <100 cm, ≥100 cm, or unknown size. Possible spawning aggregation sites were identified based on multiple occasions of temporarily increased fish density associated with large male presence. Mean densities ranged from 6.02 fish ha-1 in channels, 2.65 and 2.29 fish ha-1 in outer and inner reefs, respectively, and 0.73 fish ha-1 in faros. These densities are consistent with those found in unexploited areas in similar habitats elsewhere and indicate successful protection of the species on Laamu Atoll. The data highlight the significance of reef channel habitat for this species as important megafauna and the need for management to conserve both species and channel habitats. The value of non-specialist observers for conducting labour-intensive surveys on large, wide-ranging species is demonstrated.

SECOND HOME TOURISM: AN INTERCESSION FOR REJUVENETION OF TOURISM DESTINATION IN COVID-19 CRISIS

This study aims to demonstrate how hedonistic Second Home Tourism (SHT) trips and eudaimonic community participation will retrieve tourist flow and revive tourist destination from the COVID-19 crisis. Q methodology was followed to measure the subjectivity of scholars, researchers and practitioners of tourism industry for the appreciation of SHT in the crisis. Q Method Software was used to conduct factor analysis. The result of the study concludes that short haul mobility/trip within periphery and/or travel bubble accelerates the % change of international tourist arrivals. The study also implores that how future SHT trips will ensure community resilience through social intuition (cultural integrity and knowledge exchange) and financial retention through economic empathy (demand-supply balance and revenue generation).

The Reality of the Tourism Services and Travel Agencies in Mila Province and its Impact on Activating Internal Tourism from the Customer's Point of View

This study aimed to know the reality of the services tourism provided by the tourism and travel agencies in Mila province and the extent of their impact on activating internal tourism from the customer's point of view. To achieve this goal, the study based on the approach descriptive and analytical, and the elaboration of a questionnaire consisting of (15) items as a tool for collecting information, and it was distributed to the study sample represented by tourism clients and travel agencies in Mila province, who made internal tourist trips through these agencies.(200) questionnaires were distributed, of which 169 were retrieved for analysis. After the statistical treatment by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences program, a set of results was reached, the most important of which is the existence of a positive correlation and impact between the extent of providing tourism services by tourism and travel agencies in Mila province and the revitalization of the internal tourism.

Tesori di arte sacra a Venezia e Padova nelle descrizioni dei viaggiatori polacchi del XVIII secolo

In the 18th century, Italian sanctuaries played an important religious and cultural role, especially in Venice and Padua. They were visited by Polish wanderers during their trips around Europe, for example: diplomatic missions, pilgrimages, educational or tourist trips. They recorded their impressions from visiting these places in the form of descriptions in diaries, journals and itineraries. Reading the reports from the expeditions provides valuable insights on the mentality, customs of upbringing, as well as the religious and aesthetic experiences of eighteenth-century adventurers. The article aims to present the ways in which the collections of sacred art were perceived by Polish travelers from the 18th century. The analysis of their accounts, especially the fragments concerning the sanctuaries in Venice and Padua, will serve to present the literary covenants used by Polish wanderers. It should also answer the questions which tendencies dominated in the travel literature of that time, what phrases and formulations were used, and what items were paid special attention to.

Geography of Tourist Flows in the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. The topic is of relevance due to the need to study tourist flows in terms of the geography of tourist trips in order to analyze and compare the directions of the flows. The problem is that the authorities responsible for tourism management in the region and tourism organizations do not always pay due attention to the geography of the tourist flow and to its optimization in terms of the interests of the region itself. At the same time, the identified trends can be taken into consideration in order to improve and increase the efficiency of the tourism industry in the region and when making managerial decisions in the tourism sector. Based on the results of the study conducted, the article characterizes the travel destinations of Mordovian tourists, reveals trends, and proposes measures to solve the identified problems. Materials and Methods. The materials on the development of tourism in the Republic of Mordovia published by the Territorial Body of the State Statistics Service in the Republic of Mordovia for the period from 2010 to 2019 were analyzed; data from the Digital Tourism service run by MegaFon mobile phone operator were also examined. The methods of mathematical statistics employed made it possible to calculate the changes in the relative and absolute indicators of the geography of the tourist flow in the republic over a ten-year period. To identify the geography of the regional tourist flow, the methods of analysis and generalization were used, which made it possible to identify the features of the internal and external tourist flows of people living in Mordovia. Results. An analysis of the dynamics and placement of inbound and outbound tourism has been carried out; the volume of the tourist flow has been considered; the features of the geography of the tourist flows have been considered; the problems that hinder the more effective development of tourism in the republic have been revealed. The measures aimed at improving the efficiency of tourism activities in the region have been proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The study made it possible to identify the main trends in the geography of the tourist flows of residents of Mordovia, as well as the causes and features of the ongoing transformations. The results of the study can contribute to the elaboration of an effective program for the development of tourism in the republic, to the adoption of productive managerial decisions in the field of tourism in the region, and to optimization of the geography of the tourist flows.

A study of the degree of customer satisfaction with hotel services during COVID

The purpose of the article is to develop proposals to increase the degree of satisfaction of hotel services consumers during COVID among residents of Kazakhstan and Russia. The article examines the issues of service, service, cost and quality of services of hotel enterprises, including measures to counteract coronavirus infection. Marketing research was conducted in the third quarter of 2021, the methodology for determining the degree of satisfaction consisted of six stages. The research results have shown that, despite the existing mobility restrictions in the studied countries, the economically active population feels the need for attractive emotions, rest, and a change of scenery. The survey data showed that the epidemiological situation in the examined countries impacted tourist trips over the past year and a half. The respondents noted the need to comply with health safety measures. The choice of recreation and accommodation facilities was influenced by the cost of PCR analysis, especially for families traveling with children, and the availability of a vaccination passport. Also, in the conditions of COVID, the choice of consumers was made in favor of personal vehicles. This period has increased the demand for domestic tourism facilities. However, most previous consumers’ requirements for services have remained the same – for quality of service, cost, and friendly attitude. The respondents attributed to the key factors: hotel location, clean rooms, and quality of food. 85% of respondents are satisfied with the hotel services and measures of safe stay. Conclusions and recommendations based on the study findings can be applied by the enterprises providing hotel and catering services.

Сравнительный анализ методологии статистического наблюдения за туристской деятельностью в Российской Федерации и странах Европейского союза

The need to harmonize national and international statistical practices in data collection and presentation is based on the desire for comparability of information. In the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union, a different approach is used to organize and present the results of statistical observation of the tourism industry, including with respect to the classification of accommodation facilities for tourists, tourist trips according to their purposes. In Russia, they do not collect information on identifying the reasons why the citizens of these countries do not take part in tourism, nor do they register quality characteristics. Analysis of international experience shows that tourism statistics receive a lot of attention, with the focus on polling tourists and collective accommodation facilities. In the Russian system of statistical observation in the field of tourism, despite its constant improvement, there is still an acute shortage of data obtained on the basis of regular sample surveys.

Statistical assessment of the activity of collective accommodation facilities and their contribution to the economy of the Russian Federation regions

The purpose of the study. Tourism is a priority area of economic development. Short-term accommodation of tourists plays an important role in the tourism industry. The indicator of the number of persons placed in collective accommodation facilities is used to determine the tourist flow in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation. The approach we have used in this study aims to analyze the activity of collective accommodation facilities and assess their contributionto the economy of the Russian Federation regions based on current statistical information. The research was carried out at the expense of budgetary funds on the state assignment to the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. The study focuses on:analysis of the activity of collective accommodation facilities on the territory of Russia,testing the hypothesis that the differences in the main indicators, characterizing the activity of collective accommodation facilities are due to the influence of the territorial factor,evaluate the efficiency of functioning of collective accommodation facilities and their profitability, and highlight the regions of Russia with low, medium and high levels of profitability of tourist accommodation facilities,assess the contribution of the activity of collective accommodation facilities for tourists to the economy of the regions of Russia. Materials and methods. In the paper, the authors considered definitions, classification, a system of indicators that form a methodological basis for statistical observation of the activity of collective accommodation facilities and their presentation in accordance with the current international and national statistical standards. We applied the grouping method, structural and dynamic data analysis. The hypothesis of the normal distribution of the data was tested on the basis of the Shapiro-Wilk Test. The hypothesis that the differences in indicators characterizing tourist activity are due to the influence of the regional factor was tested using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test. To assess the contribution of the activity of collective accommodation facilities to the economy of the Russian region, the authors calculated an integral index assessing the resources and results of tourism activities in the region. The analysis was carried out according to 5 indicators characterizing tourist activity in 82 regions of the Russian Federation in 2019.Results. The study found that the territorial factor has a statistically significant effect on the number of seats for receiving tourists, the number of accommodated persons, the number of overnight stays. At the same time, the differences in the distribution of the collective accommodation facilities over the territory of Russia are caused not by the belonging of the region of Russia to a certain federal district, but by other factors. The study also made it possible to come to the conclusion that, in terms of the profitability of collective accommodation facilities, the regions of Russia are extremely heterogeneous. The authors identified groups of Russian regions with profitability of collective accommodation facilities below average, above average and high. The integral index, based on the resources and results of tourist activity, made it possible to determine the regions of Russia, in which the results of tourist activities are ahead, correspond or lag behind the available resources for the implementation of tourist activities. Conclusion. The results obtained will make it possible to correlate the resources of each Russian region for the implementation of tourist activities with its results. An increase in the number of accommodations, an increase in their level of comfort, accessibility, and convenient location will give an impetus to the development of the tourism sector in Russia; arouse interest in tourist trips both among citizens of the country and among foreign guests. The regional aspect of the location of accommodation facilities is extremely important, since it is not only the basic position of the tourist infrastructure, but also has a direct impact on the contribution of tourist activity to the economy of the region of Russia. Therefore, the issue of the influence of accommodation facilities on the region’s economy requires further study.

Туризм и отдых населения арктических регионов России: возможности и ограничения

The Arctic regions, being on the one hand an important resource for socio-economic development of the state, and on the other hand, characterized by harsh natural and climatic conditions of work and life, require special attention to achieving quality of life of the local population. The sphere of tourism and recreation is considered as a tool for restoration of physical and emotional forces of a person. The pur-pose of the study is to identify the opportunities and limitations of tourism and recreation for the residents of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation. The study is based on the calculation of indices for economic, socio-economic and infrastructural indicators that characterize the opportunities and limitations of tourism and recreation organization by the population of the Arctic regions of Russia in the regional context. The results revealed the presence of high financial opportunities in the organization of tourist trips and leisure activities. There is a significant level of activity aimed at promoting inbound domestic and international tourism. It is revealed that the residents of the Arctic regions have a relatively low level of spending on recreation in the territory of permanent residence. The problems identified in the course of research work on recreation of residents of the Arctic regions in the territory of permanent residence require a more systematic and comprehensive approach. The results obtained can be used in strategic and policy documents on the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.

Assessment of Tourist Traffic in Tatra National Park in 2018-2020

The aim of the article is to analyse the qualitative and quantitative research conducted between 2018 and 2020 in the field of tourist traffic in the Tatra National Park. The data presented in the article focuses on the situation of limitations to spatial mobility. To show the impact of changes in terms of implementation and meeting the needs of tourist trips, the period leading up to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic was thoroughly studied, with a period marked by severe mobility restrictions. The obtained data made it possible to present the relationship between the restrictions and satisfying mentioned needs, which is visible in the example of the number of tourists visiting the Tatra National Park in the sections of 2020, which were characterised by a different scope of restrictions on social mobility.

FORMING OF SKILLS OF SAFE PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR

The article analyzes the research of domestic and foreign scientists on the training of highly qualified specialists in the field of tourism. It is proved that the modern development of tourism directly depends on ensuring the safety of tourists and workers in the tourism industry, the level of protection of their lives, health and property. Examples of teaching the discipline "Safety and Security of Tourism" show the process of developing skills of safe professional activities of future professionals in the field of tourism, the ability to properly assess harmful and dangerous factors and take appropriate measures to prevent hazards or reduce their impact on tourists and tourism industry.
 The discipline "Safety and Security of Tourism" is aimed at acquiring knowledge and skills of security in the field of tourism for the successful implementation of professional activities in enterprises and institutions of the tourism industry, in public organizations of tourism, to open and run their own business in recreation and tourism.
 The purpose of the discipline is to form students' abilities necessary to create and maintain healthy and safe living and working conditions for tourists and workers in the tourism industry, skills to protect against the negative factors of emergencies during tourist trips, the ability to act confidently in various unusual situations.
 To solve the set tasks, the discipline "Safety and Security of Tourism" considers various topics on security in the field of tourism, namely, the theoretical foundations of security, legislation, risk factors, safety of tourists in emergencies, occupational safety at tourism enterprises, sanitary and epidemiological safety, insurance and control over the observance of safety rules, safety of tourists on transport, in various types of tourism, in particular, extreme tourism, rules of conduct in foreign travel and survival of tourists in extreme conditions, accidents and diseases, fire safety in the tourism industry.
 For high-quality mastering of the discipline the author of the article has developed methodical recommendations for 12 practical classes on the course "Safety and Security of Tourism", the quality of which allows future professionals to gain not only knowledge necessary for mastering disciplines in senior courses, but also to develop skills for safe professional activity in tourism, hotel and restaurant business.

The concept of tourist flows and the geography of tourism

The critical analysis of the main concepts of the geography of tourism was carried out. It was found that the most popular among them are devoted to the destinations of tourists, which is correct for recreation, and for tourism only half is adequate because of the one-sidedness, since the usual environment where the tourist comes from is ignored, where, in fact, recreational needs are formed that only afterwards will be satisfied in the destination. In order to avoid this drawback, it is proposed to consider tourism as a form of population migration through tourist flows connecting the places of origin and destination of tourists, which makes it possible to see this phenomenon holistically. As a theoretical and methodological foundation, the paradigm of behavioral geography was chosen, which considers the territorial behavior of people through their life lines, which appear in tourism as tourist trips. At the same time, it matters mass behaviors as unidirectional numerous trips that form tourist flows. The dialectical nature of the tourist flow is revealed, when the places of origin and destination of tourists are united by the mechanical movement of people, based on the opposition of temporary stay in a destination to permanent residence in the usual environment. As the main author's vision, a conceptual model of the formation and distribution of international tourist flows in the geographical space, which is also relevant for domestic tourism, is proposed and substantiated. It is built on the illumination of the apperception of the usual environment through the formation of dynamic stereotypes, as well as on the basis of the proposed basic tourist motives. These include the motives of migration, comfort, contrast, and aesthetics. The motive of migration that pushes tourists out from the usual environment is consistent with the well-known concept of escapism as a break from the routine of everyday life. The motive of contrast that attracts to destinations different from people’s usual environment is described by the tourist’s inversion behavior suggested by Graburn. All these motives have found their substantiation on the basis of I. Pavlov’s dynamic stereotypes which were helpful in disclosure of one lacking link in understanding the motive of comfort. Basing on all aforesaid motives combined into motivational system structured according to such geographical components of tourism flows as usual environment and destinations, and against the background of such properties of geographical space as length and heterogeneity, a conceptual model of territorial behavior of people in the modus of tourists was suggested.

ТRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY OF THE LVIV REGION IN THE CONDITIONS OF A PANDEMIC

The article describes the current state of the tourism industry of Lviv region in conditions of increased quarantine risks. It is given a comprehensive description of tourist flows in the region over the past 15 years, in particular: the structure and dynamics of changes in the number of tourists served by tourism entities, including: foreign tourists, citizens of Ukraine who traveled abroad, domestic tourists and excursionists are analyzed. The geography of arrival of foreign tourists to Ukraine is characterized and the peculiarities of transfer, accommodation, average time of stay and purpose of visit of foreign citizens are revealed. The analysis of distribution of tourists-citizens of Ukraine on the countries of their travel is carried out, the purposes of such tourist trips are found out. The specifics of excursion activity in the region are investigated. The information on the subjects of the tourist industry of the region is systematized, the indicators of typological distribution of the subjects of tourist activity on tour operators, travel agents and excursion bureaus and the dynamics of change of their number of different subjects of tourist activity are analyzed,. Courses of guides within the region are described. The sphere of activity of institutions of state regulation of tourism (Department of Tourism and Resorts of the Lviv Regional State Administration and the Department of Tourism of the Department of Development of the Lviv City Council) was specified. A list of tourist public organizations and associations, as well as tourist information centers that operate within the region is made. Modern projects (for example, «Cross-border pilgrimage route as a tool to promote common historical and cultural heritage in the Ukrainian-Polish border», «RoveLove Roztocze − together across borders», «World of Carpathian rosettes − measures to preserve the uniqueness of Carpathian culture», «Velo Carpathia»: development of infrastructure for cycling tourism in Lviv region»), promotional and tourist events (for example, the First Forum of Medical and Health Tourism of Lviv region, International Festival of Hospitality and Hotel and Restaurant Business «HoReCa SHOW Lviv», Guides Forum, Lviv International Forum of Tourism and Hospitality Industry) and initiatives (mobile application about the ways of active tourism in Lviv region, creation of unique content about gastronomic tourism, rebranding of the tourist site of Lviv region) in the field of tourism, which have a direct impact on the tourism industry of Lviv region have been monitored.

Diversity of Web accessibility in tourism: Evidence based on a literature review

BACKGROUND: In the tourism industry, people with disabilities (PwD) are frequently excluded from certain activities. The Internet is one of the most used information sources for planning tourism trips. However, the level of accessibility of information disseminated by the tourism industry through websites is still very low. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the existence of diversity in Web accessibility in the tourism industry. METHODS: A systematic literature review method was used for the identification, selection, and evaluation of the published research on Web accessibility in the tourism industry. A set of 40 papers obtained from relevant scientific databases, and complemented with a snowballing effect, was synthesized and analyzed. RESULTS: Low levels of diversity of Web accessibility were found in the different tourism activities analyzed. The majority of studies published in this field are relatively recent and both manual and automated methods were employed. Web accessibility failures were mainly related to lack of connectivity with assistive technologies, complex layout, and navigation difficulties. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this systematic literature review provide important contributions to increase knowledge of Web accessibility in the tourism industry. Moreover, practical and theoretical contributions can help Web developers creating more accessible tourism websites.

Long-distance travel in tension with everyday mobility of urbanites – A classification of leisure travellers

For understanding long-distance travel and its impact on the environment, the travel behaviour of people living in urban areas is of particular interest. Although urbanites tend to travel short distances in their everyday lives using environmentally friendly means of transport, studies indicate a different picture for their long-distance travel. Urbanites show a higher demand for long-distance as they travel more frequently and to more distant places, which in addition involves a higher demand for air travel. By using travel survey data from 893 people living in Berlin and Munich (Germany), we analyse the travel behaviour of urban people with a focus on leisure travel. The method is based on an integrated approach including everyday travel, norms and attitudes, sociodemographic characteristics as well as spatial aspects. By applying a latent class analysis, we identify four different leisure travel types among urbanites. The analysis of sociodemographic and psychographic characteristics as well as mode choice reveal distinct differences between the types. The leisure travel type ‘young travel-addicted urbanites’ is characterized by car-less people from highly dense urban areas. Even though these people behave environmentally friendly in everyday travel and show a higher ecological norm orientation than other types, they reported the highest frequency of touristic trips and the most air travels. This shows how long-distance travel can be in tension with everyday mobility of city dwellers.