Tourist Trips Research Articles

Balancing economic benefits and environmental costs: Introducing carbon footprint indicators in tourist market targeting

We argue that governments’ decisions to target certain tourist markets must consider both benefits and costs. We design a composite indicator methodology to assess economic benefits, using six classic indicators of market desirability (leadership, dynamism, seasonality, length of stay, expenditure and connectivity), which we complement with two carbon footprint indicators indicative of some of the costs incurred by the planet (CO2e per tourist night and CO2e per tourist trip). We model how target market decisions should change as the weight given to carbon costs changes from zero (current scenario) to 25% and 50% in the set of indicators used to select target markets. Adding carbon data in a cost-benefit analysis makes regional and national markets much more attractive than distant markets due to their low carbon footprints, despite shorter tourist stays or lower expenditures. Our method can inform government strategies to decarbonize while maintaining a clear market focus.

Tourism Village Promotion Strategy in Developing Tourism Villages Based on Local Wisdom in Sumedang District

A tourist village is a form of industry which is a tourist trip that encourages tourists to use the various products offered by the tourist village, consisting of culinary tourism, educational tourism, natural tourism, and so on. Data on tourist visits to Sumedang Regency during 2022 was 1,293,953 people and in 2023 there were 1,738,502 people. Based on this data, it is known that the number of tourist visits has increased but the number of visits is not spread across all tourist attractions or tourist villages in Sumedang Regency. Therefore, the Sumedang Regency Tourism, Culture, Youth and Sports Department is targeting an increase in the number of tourist visits by 17% from 2023. So it is necessary to develop a promotional strategy for tourist villages in Sumedang Regency. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop a tourism village promotion strategy in developing local wisdom-based tourism in Sumedang Regency. In determining a tourism promotion strategy, it is necessary to pay attention to several dimensions of tourism promotion which consist of: image marketing, atraction marketing, infrastructure marketing, and people marketing. The research method used was qualitative research methods. Data collection was carried out through literature and field studies. Meanwhile, data processing is carried out by referring to data processing procedures which consist of data reduction, data presentation and data verification.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-TOURISM ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article discusses the potential for the development of agro-tourism, which is an industry of the national economy that requires significant investment. Agro-ecotourism is one of the most popular forms of modern recreational activity. Depending on their specific characteristics, natural and climatic conditions, and management practices, various countries of the world organize this activity in different ways. It has been determined in this work that recreational activities are based on agro-landscapes and natural recreational resources. A systematic approach was the basic methodological foundation for this research, specifically the method of factor analysis, which enabled the identification of key questions for surveys that form the basis for prospects for agro-ecotourism development. A sociological survey conducted by KAZTOUR based on the author’s questionnaire revealed population preferences in the field of agrotourism. Among the organisers of tourist trips, 30.9% chose hiking, 24.4% chose enjoying nature, 15.5% wished to get acquainted with agriculture and care for animals, and 13.6% expressed a desire to receive diverse impressions from a business trip. The majority of people (70.4%) preferred a foothill landscape, 26.1% preferred a river-steppe landscape, and only 3.4% preferred a desert landscape. Most respondents, 47.6%, preferred two-day trips with overnight stays, another third, 33%, chose one-day trips without overnight stay, and only 7% of respondents chose a week-long vacation. A program has been proposed for the successful development of agritourism in Kazakhstan at the city or even country level, reflecting factors that will lead to a high demand for agritourism among the population. These factors are listed in the results of the article. As part of the development of the tourism cluster in the republic, priority areas for tourism have been identified: business tourism, ecological tourism, cultural and educational tourism, active and adventure tours. The main tasks have been identified and necessary methods have been proposed to address the issues of popularization and development of agritourism on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Dynamics of everyday practices of urban parents

In order to further improve family policy, the article aims to analyze the dynamics of everyday practices of parents. The empirical basis is the databases on individuals of the Comprehensive monitoring of living conditions (GKS-KOUZH — 2011,2016, 2018, 2020, 2022 years), which is conducted by the Federal State Statistics Service. Subsamples of urban fathers and mothers living with children under the age of 15 have been formed. The daily practices of parents are analyzed based on the indicators of work, leisure, sports, health, smoking and alcohol consumption contained in the database, depending on gender, educational level and number of children. The article presents an analysis of studies on the transmission of constructive and destructive parenting practices to children. It is shown that during the analyzed period, the proportion of parents who work in their specialty, attend various leisure facilities, participate in the activities of political and public organizations, engage in sports and drink alcohol is stable. The proportion of mothers attending religious institutions and meetings of believers has decreased. There are positive trends in a significant increase in the proportion of both fathers and mothers who are satisfied with their profession and salary, who make tourist trips, who positively assess their health and a decrease in the proportion of fathers who smoke. According to the analysis of the KOUZH-2022, more parents with higher education work in their specialty, are satisfied with wages, have the opportunity to work distantly via the Internet, practice buying food and goods over the Internet, make tourist trips, visit the theater, museums, exhibitions, restaurants, participate in social activities, do not smoke, play sports or active recreation compared to parents without higher education. Parents with many children are similar in terms of types of professional activities and level of education to one- and two-child parents. The absolute advantage of parents with many children is a significant proportion of religious fathers and the lowest level of alcohol consumption by fathers and mothers. Positive trends in the daily activities of parents inspire optimism about the prospects for fertility and the quality of parenthood.

Lithuania‘s relations with the West within the KGB Web

The mechanisms for maintaining control of the Soviet territory and information, the so-called ‘Iron Curtain’, were very diverse (political, legal, coercive, agency networking) and were supported by certain institutions. The aim will be to describe the role played by this institution in controlling relations with the West during personal, tourist trips both domestically and abroad, and on official missions. The Soviet system sought to classify information that could damage the image of the Soviet-as-advanced system and reveal strategically important (political, economic, military, social) information that the West could supposedly use against it. Therefore, it was important that sensitive information would not be known by persons staying in Lithuania and that it would not be disseminated by Lithuanians going abroad. In view of this, the procedure of movement of foreigners on the territory of Lithuania (what cities and sites were allowed to be visited, with which people communication was allowed) and the rules of the presence of Lithuanians abroad (tourists, missions, etc.) were drawn up. To achieve these objectives, the KGB used its own methods: operational-technical tools, agency network and various instructions. According to the KGB, the greatest threat from arrivals was potential espionage, so all attention was paid to preventing possible espionage. The KGB, using all its means, had been monitoring where foreigners were going, who they were communicating with and how they behaved. Diplomats and journalists arriving in the country were particularly scrutinized. They were almost automatically equated with special service agents, as were scientists and industry professionals. The control of the movement and communication of foreigners with the local population was to be ensured by agents accompanying them, trusted persons (guides, interpreters, bus drivers, restaurant and hotel workers), disguised workers working incognito, and secret operational technical devices. The KGB’s intelligence agency activities were no less important than the fight against the regime’s internal enemies. It included not only espionage, but also propaganda-disinformation campaigns in the West. The agents were the eyes of the KGB and the perpetrators of their plans abroad. It was important for them to protect Soviet citizens from Western temptations, recruitment and escape, as this could damage the image of the Soviet system and allow for the flow of important information to the West. However, the facts of the violation of the order of the presence of tourists in Lithuania, and the cases of escape of Soviet citizens, recorded by the KGB, show that even the KGB did not have such opportunities to follow each tourist, prevent espionage and reveal the potential intentions of departing persons. It was even more difficult to control the departing Lithuanians, as evidenced by the escapes to the West, even by KGB agents.

A multi-objective optimization approach for sustainable and personalized trip planning: A self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm with case study

In the modern tourism landscape, the fusion of sustainability and personalized travel plans marks a significant paradigm shift. This paper presents a novel multi-objective optimization approach for crafting sustainable and personalized tourist trip plans. The proposed model is designed to provide tailored recommendations to tourists, simultaneously minimizing total costs, environmental impacts, and maximizing individual preferences. These recommendations encompass choices such as hotel and resting place selection, daily sequence of attractions, precise visit schedules, and preferred modes of transportation. Addressing intricacies within an urban multi-modal transport system, including factors like traffic lights, weather conditions, and distinct features of each transport mode, the model ensures that tourists can explore scenic spots within their available time windows. To tackle uncertainties in travel time, travel costs, and visit durations, a practical fuzzy optimization approach is employed. For efficient resolution of the multi-objective optimization model, a self-adaptive evolutionary algorithm based on Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (SA-NSGAII) is developed. The effectiveness of the proposed solution method is verified through comparisons with Augmented ε-Constraint (AUGMECON) and NSGA-II methods, utilizing various benchmark examples. Employing real data from Montreal, an empirical case study is conducted to illustrate the application of the sustainable and personalized trip planning model. The analysis of the solution results demonstrates how this approach can assist tourists in achieving a harmonious balance between sustainability objectives and making well-informed decisions based on their individual preferences.

An Expectation-Maximization framework for Personalized Itinerary Recommendation with POI Categories and Must-see POIs

In this paper, we introduce a novel deterministic method based on Expectation Maximization (EM) to solve the rather complex problem of designing a tourist trip or Personalized Itinerary Recommendation (PIR). PIR objective is to recommend a personalized tour consisting of successive Points of Interest (POIs), which maximizes user satisfaction and respects user time-frame constraints. On top of that, the POIs are divided into categories, in order for travelers to be able to set limits on the maximum (and minimum) number of POIs that belong to one category and are included in the itinerary. In the proposed framework, emphasis is given on the POIs sequence selection, which exploits the customized POI recommendations offered by a recommender system. Additionally, the proposed methodology with POIs categories is able to solve the TourMustSee problem, so that the tour includes a set of POIs that must be visited. The proposed system has been successfully incorporated into a mobile app, offering a complete tourist trip design. The high performance, resilience, and computational efficiency of the proposed framework are demonstrated by experimental findings and comparisons to existing approaches on numerous synthetic and real datasets.

A Novel Tourist Trip Design Problem with Stochastic Travel Times and Partial Charging for Battery Electric Vehicles

This study proposes a novel mathematical model for the Multi-Day Tourist Trip Design Problem with Stochastic Travel Time and Partial Charging for Battery Electric Vehicle (MD-TTDP-STT-PCBEV). To the best of our knowledge, no prior study has fully incorporated the use of BEVs into TTDP models. Given the limited driving range of BEVs, the model requires decisions regarding the locations and policy for recharging the vehicle’s battery. The problem also incorporates real-world uncertainty by considering travel time as a random variable subjected to normal distribution. The model is formulated using chance-constraint programming, aiming to find optimal tourist routes for BEVs that maximize tourist satisfaction. Numerical experiments were conducted to compare solutions between stochastic and deterministic environments. Computational experiments using the LINGO optimization solver demonstrated that the total rating scores obtained from the stochastic model with chance-constraint programming were generally lower than those from the deterministic model due to travel time uncertainties. These results highlight the importance of incorporating real-world uncertainty and variability to achieve more accurate and reliable planning.

Spatial Distribution, Accessibility, and Influencing Factors of the Tourism and Leisure Industry in Qingdao, China

Analysing the spatial distribution patterns of the urban tourism and leisure industry is crucial for meeting the dual demands of residents and visitors for a better quality of life. Most existing studies on spatial distribution characteristics and the accessibility of leisure tourism have been carried out individually and lack the relationship between the tourism and leisure industry and accessibility. Based on Qingdao’s POI data, spatial visualisation methods and Geodetector are used to explore spatial distribution, accessibility, and influencing factors. (1) It is found that the overall and various types of the tourism and leisure industry in Qingdao exhibit clustered distribution, with an imbalance between coastal and inland areas. (2) There are notable spatial disparities in overall accessibility within Qingdao, with most regions falling within the 70-min isochrone. The spatial distribution of accessibility at the county level aligns with the overall accessibility patterns. (3) Various factors influence the spatial distribution of the tourism and leisure industry. Per capita disposable income is the primary factor affecting the spatial layout of Qingdao’s tourism and leisure industry. After interacting with other factors, GDP per capita and tourist trips become key influencing factors. These findings can promote the sustainable development of urban tourism in Qingdao and provide a valuable reference for other cities.

Solving the tourist trip planning problem with attraction patterns using meta-heuristic techniques

Solving the tourist trip planning problem with attraction patterns using meta-heuristic techniques

Selective clustered tourist trip design problem with time windows under intuitionistic fuzzy score and exponential travel times

Creating travel plans is a difficult task for tourists. Hence, this is due to planning trips for a selection of Points of Interest (POIs) that consider several constraints and preferences to identify POIs and optimize the attractiveness of routes in general. The literature addresses the problem as the Tourist Trip Design Problem (TTDP). This paper considers a particular variant of TTDP, where POIs are grouped into clusters corresponding to various destinations. Additionally, the visit to each POI must occur within a specific time interval. Minimum and maximum restrictions exist on how many POIs from each cluster may be visited on the same itinerary. Moreover, we proposed the Tourist Trip Design Problem with Clustered POIs under intuitionistic fuzzy scores and exponential travel times in uncertainty and randomness. This problem is finding a feasible route that maximizes the total score collected. The route must begin and end at a specified initial location, and its duration is limited to a specific maximum value. A mathematical model is proposed for this problem. Test problems are generated and solved by the proposed model. The solution to the test problems is obtained by using different parameters. The results show that the proposed methodology is an approach that allows tourists to get other travel plans and see how well these travel plans meet their demands and preferences.

Problems and perspective of developing insurance in the international tourism business

An increasing number of tourists face risks and unforeseen situations while travelling: the limited availability of insurance products, deficiencies in risk coverage, and the failure to meet individual needs make relevant the issue of insurance in the international tourism business. The purpose of the article was to analyse current problems in the field of insurance at the international level and to highlight possible ways to solve them, as well as to determine the prospects for the development of this segment aimed at ensuring maximum safety and convenience for tourists. The article examines the state and prospects for the development of the international market of travel insurance services. With the application of the analysis method, a thorough review of the shortcomings in the activities of insurance companies was carried out, which made it possible to clearly determine the level of importance and provide practical recommendations for their solution. The abstract-logical method was applied to make conclusions based on the study of policyholders’ behaviour, their tendency to risk, and the choice of insurance products. The increase in the volume of tourist trips in the world is accompanied by the increase in appropriate insurance. It causes insurance companies and tour operators a number of problems, such as insufficient adaptation of insurance products to the needs and risks of tourists, limited geographical coverage, and complex registration and compensation procedures. However, there are also prospects for the development: new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, which can contribute to the automation and facilitation of insurance processes. Expanding geographic coverage and adapting insurance products to the specific needs of tourists can also ensure the growth of the insurance market in international tourism. The practical value of the conducted research is determined by the development of recommendations for international insurance companies aimed at overcoming problems and reducing risks in the field of travel insurance, both for representatives of the insurance business and for travellers

Who will board urban air taxis? An analysis of advanced air mobility demand and value of travel time for business, airport access, and regional tourism trips in Iran

Recent advancements in the development of a comprehensive urban air mobility ecosystem promise the opportunity for its implementation in the near future. However, the utility of this emerging mode of transportation in comparison to the existing modes varies for different trip purposes and geographical contexts. It is, therefore, imperative to assess its usage potential for various scenarios before moving forward with implementation efforts. This paper presents the findings of three stated preference surveys aimed at characterizing prospective urban air mobility travel demand for weekly business, airport access, and regional tourism trips in Iran. Hybrid multinomial logit and hybrid nested logit models are estimated for each trip purpose. The results indicate that urban air mobility for weekly business trips represents the most viable market segment. Value-of-time estimates for weekly business trips are more than two and a half times higher than those for airport access trips, and tourism trips are valued even less. There is a trend towards delaying the adoption of air taxis to gain trust, and reducing ticket prices is seen as the most effective incentive for increasing the adoption rate. This study pioneers research on urban air mobility in a developing country context, offering valuable insights into market viability for investors and policymakers.

Environmentally and Socially Responsible Behavior of Women from Generation Z in the Context of Tourist Activity

The aim of this research was to determine the scope of environmentally and socially responsible behavior related to tourist trips of women from Generation Z. The choice of this issue falls within the scientific discussion on the sustainable behavior of young consumers and the area of research on sustainable tourism. The presented research fills the research gap related to the sustainable behavior of young women in the context of tourist trips. This article reviews the literature justifying the choice of this research topic. The results of our own survey research were presented (a sample of 618 touristically active women from Generation Z). Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the obtained results were made. This research showed that respondents were most concerned about recreational space (not leaving garbage in the forest or on the beach, observing regulations in tourist regions and towns, and using only designated trails). They rated their behavior the lowest in terms of reduction in water consumption, use of ecological cosmetics while using water reservoirs, and choosing accommodation places where pro-ecological solutions are used. According to the respondents, the main reasons for the lack of responsible behavior are indifference and habits learned at home. The originality of the presented research results from its scope and concerns only women belonging to Generation Z.

PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT AREAS OF NATURE TOURISM RESOURCES IN SHAKI-ZAGATALA ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC REGION

Nature-based tourism makes individual tourist trips attractive. In this regard, when its scale becomes massive, it stimulates the socio-economic development of the region and significantly contributes to the gross domestic product. In this regard, tourism, considered a priority area of regional sustainable development, should be constantly developed. In addition, its sustainability should be measured mainly by nature tourism resources. Purpose. The main purpose of the research is the comprehensive analysis of the Shaki-Zagatala economic-geographic region, being considered one of the regions with the richest natural and tourism resources of Azerbaijan, the current problems and the priority directions that stimulate development. Research method. Analysis of nature tourism resources includes historical, comparative analysis, and descriptive observation methods. Result. The research process studied the natural conditions of the region from the tourism attractiveness point of view, determined the advantage of the relief factor during nature tourism trips, studied the indicato rs of climate comfort for the efficient organisation of tourists’ recreation, evaluated the tourism importance of forest resources, and analysed the hydro-tourism potential of water resources in recreation and health. Finally. The materials provided in the research process can be used in preparing regional development programs.

INDONESIAN’S TOURIST SHOPPING JOURNEY (TSJ) DURING AND AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This study aims to determine the effect of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, pleasure, and arousal on the intention to use smartphones on the Tourist Shopping Journey (TSJ) on domestic tourists in Indonesia. There are two conditions in this study, namely during the Covid-19 pandemic and after. Data processing in this study used SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. The results showed that during the Covid-19 pandemic, the variables of facilitating condition and pleasure affected the intention to use smartphones when shopping on tourist trips. Meanwhile, in conditions after the Covid-19 pandemic, the influential variables are facilitating conditions and arousal.

Transport in the tourist services sector in Poland during the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

Transport plays an essential role in the country's socio-economic development, as it enables efficient functioning of individual sectors of the economy. It is a factor enhancing the development of many areas of life, including tourist travel. A characteristic feature of tourism is the movement of people to places of attractive value. Therefore, transport is necessary for its existence. The tourist industry has been severely affected by the spread of COVID-19. The crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic has weakened the condition of the tourist services sector and affected transport. The article aims to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transport sector concerning changes in tourist transport passengers. Data on tourist traffic in Poland was used in this publication. It has been shown that the weakening of tourism significantly translated into changes in the number of passengers traveling. The decrease in the number of people transported mainly affected air and road transport; however, more minor differences were observed in transport based on rail, sea, and inland waterways. The decrease in the number of recorded tourist trips was reflected in the shares of individual transport modes in passenger transport. In response to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, travelers' preferences changed regarding their means of transport. Since mid-2021, tourism has been returning to the path of positive development, noticeable in domestic and foreign travel.

NATIONAL CUISINE IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF UKRAINIAN CULTURE

Food is one of the most necessary conditions for our existence. Since childhood, a person gets used to certain products, dishes from them, forms his own tastes, prepares his favorite dishes, which must contain properly balanced proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and the necessary vitamin complex. Ukrainian cuisine has a certain set of relevant ingredients that contribute to our healthy existence. And the transition to a different set of products requires a certain adjustment, getting used to, adjustment., the climate of the location. Each people, each nation has its own usual, daily food set, related to the history and culture of the population. The Ukrainian nation, which for centuries was under the oppression of various states, absorbed into its culture and food preferences elements of the life and existence of other peoples, which remained in the culinary tastes of certain territorial and local communities. National tastes were formed on the basis of regional, local dishes, which became part of the everyday life of Ukrainians and expressed the special skill of cooking in one or another territory of Ukraine. Many foreigners come to Ukraine every year for various purposes: tourist trips, study, work, temporary stay, and by learning the language of our region, they get to know its culture, lifestyle, and food. Working with foreign students, we introduce them to Ukrainian dishes and drinks, talk about everyday and national food holidays, conduct dialogues with them, comparing the common and distinctive features of national cuisines. Recipes of Ukrainian culinary dishes can be found in cookbooks published at different times, starting from the beginning of the 20th century. and to this day, both in Ukraine and abroad, and in our time republished by culinary enthusiasts. Acquaintance with such publications, a brief description of books with recipes for cooking national food is carried out in this publication. 93 editions were developed. Key words: Ukrainian language as a foreign language, linguistic and regional studies, publication of books on Ukrainian national cuisine, their authors, chronology and location of publications, special vocabulary by origin.

Utilisation of A Star Algorithm in Determining Tourism Routes in Palangka Raya City

The Utilization of the A* Algorithm in Determining Tour Routes in Palangka Raya City is a study aimed at providing a solution for determining optimal tourist routes for visitors in Palangka Raya City. By employing the A* algorithm, this research offers an efficient tool to find the shortest route between selected tourist destinations, considering both distance and travel cost. The method involves initializing a graph that represents the relationships between tourist destinations, followed by the implementation of the A* algorithm for finding the best route. The research findings demonstrate that this algorithm can provide optimal routes with accurate estimations of distance and cost. A brief discussion on the research results highlights the strengths and limitations of this algorithm in the context of tourism applications. In conclusion, this research makes a significant contribution to facilitating visitors in planning their tourist trips in Palangka Raya City, with the potential positive impact on the tourism industry and visitor experiences.

Integrating reinforcement learning and metaheuristics for safe and sustainable health tourist trip design problem

This study aims to address the critical challenge of enhancing safety within the domain of health and wellness tourism through the framework of sustainable travel design. Given the rising demand for secure and sustainable tourism experiences, this investigation explores the integration of safety considerations into the strategic planning and execution of tourist journeys. The central focus of this research revolves around the development and application of the Modified Reinforcement Learning-Artificial Multiple Intelligence System (MRL-AMIS). Operating within a multi-objective framework, the objective of this study is to optimize essential parameters encompassing environmental sustainability, economic viability, tourist preferences, and societal acceptability, with a specific emphasis on safety. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is rigorously evaluated across various tourist group scenarios, providing a comprehensive assessment of its applicability. Our computational analyses unequivocally demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in enhancing safety, surpassing existing methods such as genetic algorithms, differential evolution algorithms, particle swarm optimization, etc., by 15%-25%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of the proposed method in seamlessly integrating safety considerations into the realm of sustainable tourism planning. This study highlights the potential of the proposed method as an advanced tool in the strategic planning of sustainable tourism, particularly within the context of health and wellness tourism. It constitutes a significant contribution to the field of sustainable tourism by offering an innovative approach that prioritizes safety while upholding the principles of environmental stewardship, economic viability, and societal sustainability.