Tourist Ports Research Articles

Modelling of flow characteristics in the access channel of Bali tourism port using DualSPHysics

The access channel is a structure formed as a basin on the seabed. Based on previous studies, excessive sediment accumulation in shipping lanes or access channels carried by ocean floor currents is one of the factors that cause damage to the hull under the ship. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the characteristics of seabed currents that cross the access channel. This research was carried out by modelling the numerical test of the access channel model using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method with DualSPHysics software. The results of this study show the movement and characteristics of seabed currents that occur in the access channel at the Bali Sanur Harbor. This study obtained the average speed of seabed currents, with variations in the speed of ocean currents and forecasts regarding sediment dredging maintenance on cruise lines.

The Variability of the Beach Morphology and the Evolution of the Shoreline in the Strongly Anthropized Sector of Eforie North, the Romanian Coast of the Black Sea

The Eforie Nord sector (between the southern pier of Agigea - Constanta port and the tourist port of Belona), is characterized, from a geomorphological point of view by the presence of high cliffs and narrow beaches. In the mentioned sector, a series of coastal protection works were carried out in several stages, respectively: between 1956 and 1960, 6 groins were placed to etend the perimeter beach; with the epansion of Constanța port, new coastal protection measures were imposed (1981-1986), determined by the erosion processes, made concrete by the eecution of permeable submerged longitudinal dikes in addition to the transversal ones. On long term, the measurements of shore morphological parameters highlighted that the southern sector of the Romanian Black Sea coast is subject to an erosion process, due to the action of both natural and anthropogenic factors, each generating effects with different intensity, depending on local conditions. Within the project “Protection and Rehabilitation of the Southern Part of the Romanian Black Sea Coast, Phase 1” in 2014-2015 period, in the mentioned sector, etended hydrographical works were carried out, including the rehabilitation of dikes, the construction of submerged dikes and beach nourishment. The monitoring of the shore behavior at regular intervals (annual/seasonal) which is essential for an adequate management of the coastal area, highlights both cyclical/seasonal morphological changes (rapid erosion as a result of storms in the cold season and the reconstruction of the beach during summer) and progressive/multiannual changes. The monitoring of morpho dynamic changes at shore level includes the positioning of the shoreline and beach profiles in 6 locations using GPS equipment (geodetic and GIS class). The resulting spatial data were processed and included in the SANDS management system that allows comparative analysis at different time scales. The maps representations were made in the ArcGIS 10.8 system. The data analysis revealed seasonal changes of the shore morphology, both in the longitudinal profile (shoreline) and transversally (beach profiles).

Jurnal Potensi Jalur Tol Laut Dalam Mendukung Pengembangan Pariwisata Maritim Di Banyuwangi

Maritime tourism is an important sector in driving the economy of coastal areas such as Banyuwangi. With its diverse natural riches, Banyuwangi has great potential to develop tourism that focuses on the sea. However, existing accessibility constraints have become an obstacle in maximizing the potential of maritime tourism. This research aims to examine the potential of maritime toll routes in supporting the development of maritime tourism in Banyuwangi. The research methods used are literature study, secondary data analysis, as well as reviewing journals and literature studies related to this research. The research results show that the sea toll road has great potential to increase accessibility to maritime tourism destinations in Banyuwangi. With the existence of a sea toll road, travel time and transportation costs can be reduced, so that it will attract more tourists to visit destinations such as Pulau Merah Beach, Menjangan Island and Baluran National Park. Apart from that, sea toll routes can also support the development of tourism infrastructure, such as more modern tourist ports and other supporting facilities. However, this research also identifies several challenges that need to be overcome, such as maintaining maritime highways, coordination between stakeholders, and sustainable environmental management. Therefore, collaboration between the government, tourism entrepreneurs and local communities is the key to maximally exploiting the potential of this sea toll route.

Development of maritime tourism port valorization sustainable Matahari Terbit Sanur Bali

Tourism is the fastest growing and emerging sector after the Covid-19 pandemic ended. However, there has been no maritime tourism port specifically built in Indonesia, even though Indonesia is known as an archipelagic country and the world's maritime axis. The development of coastal areas (especially the Sunrise Maritime Tourism Port in Sanur, Bali) is very important as a tourist attraction and as a model for other areas that have coastal areas. The concept of integrating maritime education, business centers, tourism with cultural performances and the use of environmentally friendly technology but still in the corridor of maintaining environmental, social and economic sustainability so as to create a superior port. This research uses qualitative research methods, PRISMA and PICOS data analysis techniques. Develop and integrate two theories; sustainable development goals with Systematization of the development to produce the concept of Sustainable Valorization Novelty.

Comparison of Contracts on Business Cooperation on Maritime Domain in Nautical Tourism Ports and Lease Agreements

The paper discusses the contract on business cooperation on maritime property in the ports of nautical tourism in the context of named and unnamed contracts, the scope of freedom of contract in the context of the concession contract as a "fundamental" contract, as well as the method by which the contract on business cooperation is qualified in the Croatian legal system. This contract is apostrophised in the context of mixed contracts and sui generis contracts as types of contracts that are not regulated by law. The acceptance of the provisions of the lease agreement as a named contract in Croatian legislation in business practice when concluding a business cooperation agreement is examined, as well as the similarities of these two agreements. The aim of the paper is to use the comparative law method to complete knowledge about the positioning of business cooperation contracts on maritime property in nautical tourism ports in the context of named and unnamed contracts, i.e. mixed and sui generis contracts, and to determine the appropriateness and compatibility of the lease contract with the business cooperation contract.

Status of the Marinas’ Development in the Southern Region of the Romanian Sea Coast: Implications for Sustainable Recreational Transport in the Black Sea

The aim of this paper is to highlight the state of development of tourist ports in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area and their implications for the sustainable provision of quality recreational transport. As indicated by the collected data, both locals and tourists are showing a growing interest in nautical sports and maritime recreational activities, and there are plans to upgrade existing marinas and build new ones. Although the boating activity in the Romanian Black Sea coastal area is not as developed and popular as that in other areas of the Balkan Peninsula, it has particular advantages due to its geographical position close to the Danube and its delta, as well as its historical and cultural heritage. Between 2014 and 2019, the south marinas of Romania’s Black Sea coast experienced a 65% increase in the number of visiting boats. Despite some decreases in traffic during the pandemic, the general trend continues to be upward. An evaluation of the operational capacities and policies implemented by tourist ports and relevant stakeholders identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the current system and provides insights into the current activity and implemented policies of the four most known and developed marinas along the Romanian Black Sea coast. The study’s main objective is to assess sustainable practices in relation to the environmental, social, and economic systems, with a focus on environmental protection, the use of renewable energy sources, and the implementation of quality management standards. The study uses a mix of qualitative and quantitative analyses to achieve this. Interviews with representatives of the four coastal marinas helped gather the data. The size of boat traffic was evaluated by taking into consideration the data from the local harbor master. The research identified gaps and highlighted areas that require improvement, subsequently providing recommendations to enhance sustainability. The findings can guide policymakers and stakeholders in developing practices that can promote the growth of recreational nautical transport in Romania while ensuring the sustainable development of the sector.

Relating Spatial Quality of Public Transportation and the Most Visited Museums: Revisiting Sustainable Mobility of Waterfronts and Historic Centers in International Cruise Destinations

Museums are main tourist resources for independent cruise passengers in cultural cruise destinations. However, their influence on cruise destinations is scarcely analyzed. The aim of this paper was to focus on two questions: What distribution of museums facilitates a sustainable mobility of cruise tourists in balance with urban needs? And which factors affect the potential use of both means of sustainable travel—soft mobility and public transport—at cruise destinations? The network topological features of main museums were analyzed to compare similar features among tourism destinations. A topological study based on the model of the three urban fabrics was related to the objective quality of PT. This allowed for a greater walkability or potential use of PT to be estimated. The results allowed for a diverse sample of cultural tourism port cities with cruise activity to be classified in three centralized levels and two decentralized ones. Results indicated that centralized networks are more prone to cruise tourists, while decentralized networks are more related to main cultural destinations. Finally, the discussion section analysed recommendations and measures to improve sustainable mobility and the planning of new museums. The results of this paper will be of interest to cultural and transport managers at these types of destinations.

Tourism ports of entry and biosecurity preparedness: lessons learned from Ireland

This study provides a unique vista of tourism biosecurity preparedness for a destinations’ tourist ports of entry. Existing tourism biosecurity research deals with organisational resilience and tourists’ biosecurity behaviour, however, has not explicitly examined tourism biosecurity preparedness at global or destinations tourist ports of entry levels. To fill this gap, this research utilises twenty-six tourism biosecurity criteria generated from a systematic international literature review to analyse international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A mixed-method approach was utilised through content analysis of international biosecurity instruments and Irish tourist ports of entry. A survey and semi-structured interviews were used to support the findings of the content analysis at Irish tourist ports of entry. Analysis determined the Irish tourist ports of entry sampled were severely lacking any provision for tourism biosecurity preparedness. International biosecurity instruments had a necessary level of biosecurity standards; however, a notable omission of tourism that adversely impacts tourism biosecurity preparedness. This research recommends international biosecurity instruments improve capacities for tourism- specific measures. Tourist ports of entry should integrate specific tourism biosecurity measures into passenger operations to ensure greater destination resilience.

Sustainability in the Mediterranean tourist ports: The role of certifications

This study investigates the sustainability practices of tourist ports, a little explored research area despite the environmental and social impacts of these infrastructures. Our research evaluates the diffusion of quality, environmental and social certifications among 225 Mediterranean tourist ports. We analyse the ports websites for an explicit graphic or textual reference to any certifications obtained. Our results show a limited adoption of certifications, with about half of the sample ports indicating possession of at least one certification. The port managers’ commitment towards certifications is limited, and focused on the most common ones – although not industry-specific – such as ISO 9001 and ISO 14001. The small size and limited entrepreneurial approach of the companies managing tourist ports are identified as contributing causes. A greater commitment to obtaining and communicating certifications is desirable, considering the increasing competition in the sector – which requires continuous innovation and improvement of processes and products – and the growing demand for quality and sustainability by nautical tourists.

Marina Business in Relation to Development

Marina Business, or Marina in&with Business is a new term in the terminology of nautical tourism, introduced in Croatia in the conditions of COVID-19. In other words, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the old, disorganized relationships of entities operating in and with marinas. The damaged relations during the pandemic showed all the illogic in their existing relations as well as the damage to the better results of Croatian charters and ports of nautical tourism, especially marinas. The fact that the state distanced itself from the economy and the development of entrepreneurship was reflected in the development of nautical tourism in Croatia, which developed independently in all its sub-forms after the Homeland War. Favourable post-war opportunities on the market of nautical tourism offer, i.e. lagging in the development of nautical tourism capacities and high dynamics of tourism demand, favoured nautical tourism enterprises that achieved positive business results until the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. If the problem of cruising is excluded, both large world cruises and small domestic cruises, nautical tourism ports, especially marinas and charters, developed dynamically, but with the intention of doing profitable business, the problems gradually deepened. At the same time, the relationship problem could not be solved due to the good mutual business results. The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 showed the other side of the cooperative relationship between charterers and marinas, which for both subjects led to the distancing of the state in aid programs that should have been specific and not general for subjects of all types of businesses. In addition to the problems of charters and marinas, it is also necessary to consider the activity of skippers, who are of great importance for Croatian charter, which is considered the largest in the world. The services of skippers are used by about 40% of sailors, and they are an important segment for the success of the Croatian charter business. It should be noted here that in the further paragraphs of this paper the terms nautical tourism ports and marinas will be used, and this is because charter is mainly located in marinas and only to a lesser extent in other forms of nautical tourism ports, so it is also mentioned in nautical tourism ports. Thus, the relationship “marina-charter-skippers” represents a working symbiosis that links it to the intention of all successful businesses. The goal of the research is to valorise the factors of the quality of business cooperation and good business relationships that ensure profitable business for everyone. The research hypothesis states that the necessary good business cooperation can be achieved through a higher level of cooperation than before.

Aggregate models for planning nautical tourism: Basic, trend and seasonal demand

Nautical tourism sector has a strong impact on European GVA (Gross Value Added) and employment. For this sector, there are interesting works in the literature, some of which propose demand modelling in relation to the characteristics of users. These models are disaggregated and specific to territorial realities, they are interesting for the preparation of touristic port projects in the territory concerned, but are not usable for the planning of interventions in a large territorial area such as a region or a country.It is necessary to have studies that directly relate the main characteristics of demand with the structural characteristics of supply given by the berth quantity of a large area. The study of this relation is important for the planning of new touristic ports and / or for the strengthening of existing ones in a large area. It needs to have models of interaction between supply and demand at an aggregate level, useful for planning.The novelty of this paper is to point out modeling issues related to the simulation of nautical tourism demand segments. Aggregate data are the input of different classes of basic simulation models, specified and calibrated in relation to different demand segments. The advanced calibrated models are for trend and seasonal demand, combined in different specifications. The models are studied for a central area of the Mediterranean Sea, the Italy.The paper has the main objective to propose nautical tourism demand models of basic, trend and seasonal classes. The knowledge of the nautical tourism phenomenon and quantification of demand interacting with supply, support the activities planning and programming processes of touristic ports by technicians and researchers.

Nautical Tourism – Case Study in the Republic of Croatia

Abstract In order to obtain a comprehensive insight into nautical tourism, we analysed the arrivals and overnight stays in nautical charters, as well as the number of registered vessels according to length, the number of ports and marinas and the number of berths. An analysis of the correlation between the observed nautical tourism variables was also conducted. The number of arrivals and overnight stays in nautical charters has been showing an upward trend. The number of yachts or, respectively, boats that are over 12 m in length has also been increasing. The number of marinas varies in the observed period, while nautical tourism ports display a constant growth. The number of berths has also been growing in comparison with the years before, with the exception of 2013 and 2017. The correlation analysis established that the growth in the number of marinas has followed the growth in the number of vessels with lengths between 12 and 15 metres, between 15 and 20 metres and those with lengths exceeding 20 metres. The number of nautical tourism ports and the number of berths have a positive and statistically significant impact on the increase in the number of vessels that are longer than 12 metres.

Artificial Neural Networks Driven Data-Based Optimization Analysis to Locate Crisis Reaction Offices for Marine Transportation in Antalya

A mishap might happen at any port along Antalya’s 500-kilometer shorelines, and the counter spillage group ought to be on schedule for an intercession. The aim of this study is to decide the most appropriate areas for the counter spillage group office for Antalya’s tourist ports. For this reason, Tree Seeds Algorithm (TSA), Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS), Sooty Terns Optimization Algorithm (STOA), and Weiszfeld Algorithm (WA) optimization methods are used to track down the most advantageous area. The first three procedures are almost new and forward-thinking methods. Notwithstanding, the last one is a notable calculation for taking care of organization-based enhancement issues. This research aims to accomplish an ideal area and evaluate the exhibitions of TSA, SOS, STOA, and WA. Hence, this article offers a crisis reaction office area for oil leakage safety brought about by marine mishaps in Antalya Gulf. The originality and the main contribution of the paper to the literature is as follows: 1) for the first time, the presentations of the four optimization algorithms are analyzed and inspected together, 2) the most appropriate locations for the counter spillage group office for Antalya’s ports are determined for first time in the literature.

Challenges for European Tourist-City-Ports: Strategies for a Sustainable Coexistence in the Cruise Post-COVID Context

In recent years, cruise tourism has increased the negative effects caused by touristification in many European port cities. Despite this, these cities are in a great competition to be a destination, a tourist-port. Cruise tourism has come to stay, and a steady growth can be expected in a post-COVID-19 scenario, but at what cost? The tourist-port demands highly effective planning answers occurring simultaneously, and the global pandemic crisis provides a buffer of time to seek best practices, combining the expected economical (re)development with social, environmental, and cultural sustainability. This paper proposes five different strategies that contribute to finding a sustainable coexistence between tourist ports and their cities. To this end, trans-scalar strategies developed in previous research from different disciplines have been studied and categorized in a port-city context, in order to provide a holistic viewpoint on the measures carried out to maximize the benefits and limit the negative impacts of cruise tourism on cities.

A holistic approach towards a more sustainable urban and port planning in tourist cities

Purpose This contribution aims to demonstrate that the adoption of a holistic approach to the development of infrastructures supporting the growth of cruise tourism can represent a trigger for a more sustainable urban and port planning in the Moroccan context. Although, along with this growth, there are global-local issues pertaining to sustainability and resilience that need to be addressed to support sustainable urban and social development of tourist cities. Design/methodology/approach Documents and literature review were used to develop an in-depth analysis related to the different fields involved in the proposed theoretical reflection. Scientific publications, data and international statistical reports have been used to validate the approach. Findings The work provides empirical insights to show the strengths of the country related to the sustainability, suggesting that they deserve to be integrated, involving urban planning, green energy transition, as well as the economic and social sustainability of tourism industry. Originality/value This paper aims to stimulate a debate among stakeholders and scholars involved on tourist port cities urban planning to avoid a “silos” approach and to favour a more sustainable infrastructure development process. In that sense, the paper fulfils the need to provide a basis to encourage the integration of different strategic topics and agenda concerning social and economic growth of tourist port cities.

Locating ship strike risk hotspots for fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) and sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) along main shipping lanes in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea

The Pelagos Sanctuary is the only pelagic marine protected area in the Mediterranean Sea, instituted for the conservation of cetaceans. Considering the number and size of commercial and touristic ports located along its coasts, this protected area is highly impacted by human activities, and especially marine traffic. Fin whales and sperm whales are regularly sighted in the Pelagos Sanctuary, and ship strikes with large vessels are one of the main threats affecting these two species. Mapping hotspots of distribution along main shipping lanes could be an effective conservation tool, as they directly allow locating high risk areas. In this work, we used data collected during summer from 2009 to 2019, along main marine traffic corridors in the central region of Pelagos Sanctuary. Ship strike hotspots have been identified, considering the persistence of distribution hotspots over the 11 years period. Hotspots occurrence has then been predicted over the entire Pelagos Sanctuary area applying Generalized Additive Models, allowing for ship strike risk assessment over the marine protected area. Our results highlighted the recurrence of important areas for both species along shipping lanes characterized by high vessel traffic, identifying regions where to address conservation measures.

Benthic communities in three Mediterranean touristic ports: MAPMED project.

Mediterranean ports are sources of significant economic activity and at the same time they act as recipients of considerable anthropogenic disturbance and pollution. Polluted and low-in-oxygen sediments can negatively impact benthic biodiversity and favour recruitment of opportunistic or invasive species. Macrobenthic communities are an important component of the port biota and can be used as environmental quality indicators. However, a baseline database for benthic biodiversity in Mediterranean ports has not yet been widely established. Macrobenthic assemblages were recorded in three Mediterranean touristic ports under the framework of the ENPI CBC MED project MAPMED (MAnagement of Port Areas in the MEDiterranean Sea Basin). Samples were collected from Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), Heraklion (Crete, Greece) and El Kantaoui (Tunisia) ports during February, May and September 2012. The sampling stations were selected according to the different sectors within each port (i.e. leisure, fishing, passenger/cargo vessels and shipyard). A total of 277 taxa belonging to 12 phyla were found, of which the 96 taxa were present in all three ports. El Kantaoui port hosted the highest number of macrobenthic taxa. Mollusca were the most abundant group (34%) in all ports. The highest percentage of opportunistic taxa per station was found before the touristic period in the shipyard of Heraklion port (89.3%).

Argument for Evidence-Based Development of Sustainable Normative Framework for Nautical Tourism Ports: Case of Croatia

Optimization of nautical tourism development largely depends on national normative frameworks since the use of maritime property is highly regulated in every country. This paper argues that the normative regulation of nautical tourism should take into consideration the historical relation between the key determinants of economic development. The paper analyzes a 15-year period (2005-2019) with respect to six crucial indicators of nautical tourism development: the number of ports, marinas, berths, employees, coast size (aquatorium), and revenues. Our research found very strong positive relationship between: the number of nautical tourism ports and revenues(r = 0.931); number of marinas and revenues (r = 0.985); number of employees in nautical tourism ports and generated revenues (r = 0.960); number of nautical tourism ports and number of employees (0.987); number of marinas and number of employees (r = 0.965). In addition, an intermediate level of relationship was found between: size of the aquatorium used by nautical tourism ports and income(r = 0.454), and size of the aquatorium and number of employees (r = 0.652). Finally, the paper reports weak relationships between the number of ports and number of berths (r = 0.353); number of berths and number of employees; number of berths and size of aquatorium used (r=0.335). The research results related to size of aquatorium are especially important since the current Croatian regulations based on the system of concessions have a discouraging effect on this aspect of the development of nautical tourism ports.

Collection of Waste from Passenger Ships and Its Impact on the Functioning of Tourist Port City Świnoujście

The aim of this study was to examine the issue of waste collection from passenger ships in tourist port cities using the example of Świnoujście, Poland. This is an important issue from the perspective of sustainable development, including that of tourism, because an improperly organized waste collection process may endanger the natural environment and disrupt the life of the local community. After the analysis of the types of waste generated on vessels, the means of transport used for their collection were identified with particular regard to those used at the seaport in Świnoujście, a tourist city. The selected waste quantities collected from ships in 2017–2019 were quantitatively analyzed. In addition, the number of waste collections was analyzed in the context of the number of vehicles involved in this process. The latter element is important in terms of impact on the port city’s transport system, which has a spa and tourist function.

Analysis and Trends of Global Research on Nautical, Maritime and Marine Tourism

Tourism related to the sea and boating activities is becoming increasingly popular and revolves around a range of leisure, water sports, nautical or other maritime activities. This article studies the main scientific contributions in this area, bearing in mind the complexity of finding a suitable definition of this concept. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze the scientific production from 1986 to 2020 in impact journals of the terms “nautical tourism”, “maritime tourism” and “marine tourism” considering the following variables: number of documents, number of articles, period being studied, Hirsch citations and index. The results show an increasing trend in terms of both the number of published articles and citations publications from 2007 onwards and the review of the literature raises the need to define a new concept: “blue tourism”. Future trends in research include terms such as tourist ports, quality of websites and blue economy.