Tourist Inflow Research Articles

ICT for Overtourism Management: An Exploration

With increasing attention being paid to aspects like carrying capacity and sustainability of destinations, overtourism has emerged as one of the biggest and most fiercely debated issues across the world. In the last decade, overtourism has become not just a buzzword but also a social movement in tourism gaining a lot of media attention. Effective, efficient, and innovative solutions to address the problem of overtourism at various destinations have been called for. One such solution is the use of advanced ICT tools for destination management that can contribute to reducing stress on overbooked destinations, planning for alternative destinations, targeting an alternate group of tourists, and most importantly to have control over the tourist inflow through systematic and planned destination management strategy. While literature concerning usage of ICT for tourism promotion is in plenty, the aspect of destination management through the use of advanced technology has been rarely dealt with at a holistic level. This paper attempts to fill that gap by developing a framework for DMOs in the quest of mitigating the problems of overtorism through the usage of new advanced technology. Based on the review of secondary literature, this paper tries to highlight the challenges associated with overtourism and then deals with the ways by which the problems can be mitigated by the usage of advanced and updated technological tools.

Airbnb and Neighborhood Crime: The Incursion of Tourists or the Erosion of Local Social Dynamics?

The proliferation of internet-based home-sharing platforms like Airbnb has raised heated debates, with many in the general public believing that the presence of Airbnb can lead to an increase in crime and disorder in residential neighborhoods. Despite the importance of this debate to residents, policymakers, and other stakeholders, few studies have examined the causal linkage between Airbnb and crime in neighborhoods. We conduct the first such empirical test in Boston neighborhoods, focusing on two potential mechanisms: (1) the inflow of tourists might generate or attract crime; and (2) the creation of transient properties undermines local social dynamics. Corresponding to these mechanisms, we examine whether the number of tourists (approximated with reviews) or the prevalence of listings predict more incidents of private conflict, social disorder, and violence both concurrently and in the following year. We find evidence that increases in Airbnb listings--but not reviews--led to more violence in neighborhoods in later years. This supports the notion that the prevalence of Airbnb listings erodes the natural ability of a neighborhood to prevent crime, but does not support the interpretation that elevated numbers of tourists bring crime with them.

Application of Box-Jenkins Models to the Tourist Inflow in Bhutan

Bhutan has now increasingly become a popular destination for many international tourists. Tourism in Bhutan is considered as one of the largest foreign earning industries. The number of tourist inflow in the country is increasing year by year. Forecasting is very necessary for administration and tourist agent for creating awareness and planning for the future development. It can also predict the future trends as accurately as possible and helps in staying one step ahead of the competition. This study aims to apply mathematical model for forecasting monthly tourist inflow from Malaysia, Singapore, China, USA, England, France, Germany, Thailand, Australia and Japan to Bhutan. The Box-Jenkins model is used to identify the parameters of Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model of monthly tourist visited data of above mentioned countries in the period 2011-2015 obtained from Tourism Council of Bhutan. An Akaike's Information Criterion, Schwartz's Bayesian Criterion and estimate variance of white noise are used throughout to test for the identification of best fit model. Further, the periodogram analysis was used to confirm the seasonal period of the model. The results showed ARIMA model for Thai, Chinese, Malaysian and Japanese, while seasonal ARIMA for American, Australian, British, French, Singaporean and German. Further, seasonal ARIMA model was obtained as the best fit model for the overall data. These models are illustrated and could possibly forecast the monthly tourist inflow of one year ahead with acceptable accuracy.

Impact of overtourism on urban life

The unrestrained and constant inflow of tourists to some cities can provoke the discomfort of residents. The term ?overtourism? describes a condition in which the limits are exceeded to the point that regular everyday urban life suffers. The quantity of visitors and resulting crowds create burdens on the functioning of some city services, and they simultaneously result in a deterioration in the quality of sightseeing. This paper gives a review of the academic literature concerning this issue, especially studies concentrating on cruising and alternative short-term renting. Major complaints raised by locals on the negative impact of tourism are not only about overcrowding, but also include the serious social and economic questions of the endangerment of rights. In order to regulate and mitigate conflicts, preserve identity and allow decent urban life in all its aspects, city governments are forced to introduce some limitations and rules in the sphere of tourism, and also with regard to the real-estate market and urban planning. The level of measures and policies required depend on the type of problem, size of the city and dispersion of the attractions.

Reshaping the Image of Indian Pilgrim Tourism- A Case of Vrindavan, Mathura

The research paper is about built environment and development of pilgrimage in India.to study how important is there need for pilgrimage tourism to be focused on and why it is required by analyzing the current condition of Indian pilgrim sites in context of its built environment which includes various factors of these places due to which various issues and problems are being faced by studying various pilgrim sites of different location with different cultural and architectural heritage aspect. and then understand the need for betterment of these places by finding vital solutions to improve the built environment of pilgrim sites with various strategies and increase the tourist inflow to such places as pilgrim tourism in India contribute to a large part of social, cultural heritage to maintain the dignity of Indian heritage by redeveloping or conserving of these sites. Various government bodies had also come up and private organization to heal and preserve these sites and proper management of high inflow of tourist as these sacred sites had a limited holding capacity and resources which could not fulfill an excess amount of tourist also with time the heritage infrastructure are getting deteriorated without proper care.so the aim of this research paper is to specify development strategies for Indian pilgrim sites to enhance built environment by various objectives that are to create a timeline of the development occurred in the pilgrim region by understanding the history through the impact of various invasions and various cultural, socio-economic aspects. Finding out solutions for tackling the issue of mass-gathering and mass- movement in these pilgrim sites due to increasing urban sprawl with the passing time and at the peak time where these issues increase more that are due to lack of resources, facilities, accommodation for tourist.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Thailand Economy and Tourist Industry: An Empirical Forecasting Using ARIMA

Goal: The tourism sector always plays a vital role among other sectors, which contributes heavily to Thailand’s GDP. Due to the recent Pandemic crises, the tourism industry worldwide faces a decline. The aim of writing this paper is to forecast, tourist inflow for Thailand for the next nine months by using ARIMA forecasting
 Design/Methodology/Approach: In order to meet the study objective, we adopted the univariate time series forecasting of tourist arrival. The AR(12) and MA(12) process with d(1) order to specify the appropriate model also applied for forecasting selection of international tourist arrivals, after diagnostic checking of series through correlogram Q-statistics and correlogram of residuals for adjusted ARIMA (12,1,12) in which we found low residual against 70 lags.
 Results: The evidence predicts that in the next nine months, Thailand will face significant negative zone arrival of international tourists due to the COVID-19 pandemic crises, which adversely affect Thailand’s economy due to the shortfall of international tourist arrivals. However decline in tourist arrival will eventually decrease air pollution in Thailand, thus it positively impact on environmental quality.
 Limitation of the investigation: In terms of limitation of this study, this forecasting is only valid for Thailand based on historical and current data.
 Practical implications: We highly recommend government of Thailand for enchasing overall logistics performance and furthermore increase use to renewable energy and green performance in their tourism sector.
 Originality / Value: This study provides tourism forecasting estimation for Thailand, which can help government to reshape their tourism policies due to Covid-19 pandemic crises. As this study is the first attempt to provide forecasting related with Covid-19 for tourism sector.

Does the World Heritage Site inscription enhance city tourism attractiveness? New evidence from migration big data on China’s national holidays

This paper contributes to providing causal evidence on the effect of World Heritage Site (WHS) inscription on city tourism attractiveness, which is still highly elusive in the existing literature. To identify the causal effect, it uses unique daily city-pair tourist flows from Tencent migration big data on two Chinese national holidays between 2015 and 2019. We document that WHS inscription does raise city tourism attractiveness. One more WHS leads to an increase in the tourist inflow intensity by at least 6.7% up to around 10%. The tourism-enhancing effect is consistent under many robustness checks and displays some notable heterogeneity effects in terms of holiday types, days within each holiday, high-speed rail connection, and newly-inscribed WHS cities.

The Perceived Impact of Tourism Development and Sustainable Strategies for Residents of Varkala, South India

Tourism is an important business of contemporary society and is emerging as a major economic activity globally. Technological expansion and economic divergence has created tourism friendly environment in the present age of globalization. India has a great geographical, historical and cultural heritage that drives tourism in the country. Varkala cliff is popular tourist destination in Kerala where inhabitants earn a means of living by involving them in medical, pilgrim, beaches and backwater tourism. The number of tourist inflow to Varkala has increased tremendously over the period of time. This paper aims at investigating impact of tourism on local community and alternative strategies of livelihood for local community in Varkala. The aims and objectives of the research are achieved through the use of mixed a method (Qualitative and Quantitative). Semi-structured questionnaires were prepared for 100 households and detailed face to face interview were conducted with the chief informers. The correlation, regression analysis and ANOVA test was calculated to check the statistical significance between tourism and income level of local community. The major findings of the paper show that tourism is the major source of livelihood for the local communities in Varkala. While the tourism activities in the study area provides an meaningful source of livelihood but it is imperative to find the alternative strategies of producing income, due to instability and seasonality of the tourism industry. The investigation suggests managers of the study area to formulate plans, policies and strategies that will improvise the tourism industry and involving local community members in the decision making process and management of tourism activities in the study area.

A Study on Changes in Foreign Tourists Using Big Data Analysis Method

Background/Objectives: In this study, by analyzing foreign tourists entering the country by country, we tried to study the changes in the inflow of foreign tourists according to the monthly pattern. Methods/Statistical analysis: For the purpose of using statistical data on foreign tourists entering the country for the purpose of using it as basic data for establishing tourism policy and marketing strategy by the Korea Tourism Organization, data on monthly foreign tourist statistics are collected, and pandas and matplotlib technologies provided by Python are used. Thus, data preprocessing and time series data were analyzed. Findings: The number of foreign tourists steadily increased from 2010 to 2016, but the number of tourists decreased sharply in early 2017. It was analyzed that the number of tourists gradually increased from mid-2017. Every summer, the influx of tourists was analyzed to be very high, and especially in the summer of 2015, the number of tourists was analyzed to have decreased significantly. Improvements/Application: In this study, the trend of monthly tourists by country was analyzed, and if the relationship between social issues in the section in which the change trend curve rapidly decreases, it is likely to be possible to analyze the factors that influence the change of tourists.

Regional Growth, Domestic and Foreign Tourism in NUTS Regions: New Insights from the Old Continent

Using regional data encompassing 155 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions across the EU-28 member states, we estimate the effect of tourist arrivals (total, domestic, and foreign) on regional growth over 2000-2018. Our empirical strategy tackles three data properties that cripple common econometric approaches: cross-section dependence, nonstationarity, and the endogeneity of the regressors. In addition to “pooled” models that assume common parameters across regions, we run “heterogeneous” models where parameters are allowed to differ between regions. Results of the pooled estimations show that domestic and total tourism inflows have positively and significantly contributed to growth, and the positive effect of foreign tourism is statistically discernible in regions that are mainly destinations for foreign tourists. Findings based on region-specific regressions reveal that the average impact on regional growth of tourist inflows is positive and significant, and large regional disparities in terms of the growth impact of domestic/foreign tourism exist.

Web Reputation of Protected Areas as Tourism Destinations: a Case Study

The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons why tourist inflows in three Italian protected areas, endowed with valuable natural and cultural heritage, are below their potential. These sites participate in the European Regional Development Project EXCOVER, that aims at developing sustainable tourism in underrated Adriatic areas. To this goal, it is important to investigate the reputation of the sites among the general public, especially in the imaginary of people who have never visited it, to understand and change what keeps tourists away. This task is brought about through a semantic analysis of online reviews, that are crucial in the construction of non-visitors’ imaginary about a destination and influence travel choices. Customers’ reviews are scraped from TripAdvisor through a code written on-purpose. Topics are modelled through an unsupervised machine learning algorithm, chosen because a consolidated theoretical model of destination reputation is still missing, so reviews are allowed to tell what is relevant to reviewers, without prior constraints. Moreover, to the exploratory aim of this study, online opinions are not considered as answers to predetermined questions, but as free instances of word-of-mouth. The resulting proxies of web reputation are compared across time and space, to get the information needed to devise effective tourism development strategies and marketing initiatives. The originality of this contribution lays in the investigation of the web reputation of protected areas still to be developed into tourism destination. Moreover, it may provide some hint useful to the formulation of a solid theoretical model of destination reputation.

군산시 도새재생선도지역의 경제적 효과 분석: 업종별 매출액을 중심으로*

This study attempted to examine the economic effects of leading urban regeneration areas, with the leading urban regeneration area in Gunsan as a case study. To examine the economic effects of the urban regeneration project in Gunsan, the study utilized the floating population and revenue data of SKT. Then, it compared variations in accordance with changes in time periods in relation to the leading urban regeneration area and other areas for comparison. Additionally, revenue figures were sorted by business type to confirm which ones were affected by the implementation of the urban regeneration project. The study identified increased revenue figures for the business types of transportation, lodging, and real estate in the leading urban regeneration area, along with an increase in the floating population compared to the period of reference. Conversely, the revenue figures for the food service industry tended to increase only for confectioneries, bakeries, rice cakes, and cakes; snack bars; and teahouses, coffee shops, and cafes. These figures indicated that outsiders visited the area for travel and tended to consume snack foods. However, the economic ripple effect from the inflow of tourists has been confirmed as being limited to businesses such as bakeries, cafes, and snack bars. Although the inflow of outside populations, which was expected to revitalize the regional economy of Gunsan, has achieved results to a certain extent, a plan must be formulated to draw out the spending of tourists.

The Economic Costs of Diplomatic Conflict

English Abstract: We examine the economic impact of the diplomatic conflict using the THAAD crisis between South Korea and China as a case study. Using the synthetic control method, we estimate the conflict’s impacts on Chinese tourists to Korea and stock prices of China-related Korean firms. We find that a negative effect on the inflow of tourists appeared with a lag of 3 months after the announcement of the decision and persisted for about 18 months. On the other hand, the impacts on the stock market appeared immediately, but insignificant and short-lived.

Investigate Tourist Behavior through Mobile Signal: Tourist Flow Pattern Exploration in Tibet

Identifying the tourist flow of a destination can promote the development of travel-related products and effective destination marketing. Nevertheless, tourist inflows and outflows have only received limited attention from previous studies. Hence, this study visualizes the tourist flow of Tibet through social network analysis to bridge the aforementioned gap. Findings show that the Lhasa prefecture is the transportation hub of Tibet. Tourist flow in the eastern part of Tibet is generally stronger than that in the western part. Moreover, the tourist flow pattern identified mainly includes “(diverse or balanced) diffusion from the main center”, “clustering to the main center”, and “diffusion from a clustered circle”.

Does institutional quality affect tourism demand? Evidence from India

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of institutional quality on the international tourism demand of India. To carry out the analysis, the study first analyses the impact of composite institutional quality index and then proceeds to examine the impact of each of the individual components of institutional quality on the international tourism demand of India. The impact of income of the tourist originating countries, tourism price, trade openness and Human Development Index (HDI) on tourism demand has also been examined.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, with data from top 30 tourist originating countries for India for the period of 1995–2016.FindingsThe results indicated that an increase in the income of the tourist originating countries has spillover effects on the development of tourism sector of India. The impact of cost of travel proxied by relative prices between the destination and origin country is found to be negative, however, statistically insignificant. The impact of trade openness and development level of the host country (proxied by HDI) is found to have positive association with the tourism demand. Institutional quality is found to have positive association with international tourism demand of India. Among the individual components of institutional quality, rule of law, regulatory quality, control of corruption and voice and accountability are found to promote the tourism sector development in the economy. Contrarily, the impact of government effectiveness is found to be negative. In the short run, most of the variables were found to support their counterpart results in long run.Practical implicationsThis study has practical implication not only in formulating tourism sector policies of the host countries but also for issuing tourist advisories in tourist originating countries. The study holds that policymakers should work for improving institutional environment of the country such as bureaucracy, legislature, regulatory quality, rule of law and for reducing corruption at all levels so as to ensure a sustained rise in tourist inflows to India.Originality/valueThis study validates the link between institutional quality of a country and international demand for its tourism. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the study is the first attempt that has comprehensively analysed the impact of institutional quality on tourism demand in Indian context which has been generally ignored in the tourism literature.

Comprehensive Spatial planning of Sonamarg resort in Kashmir Valley, India for sustainable tourism

The tourism Industry is directly linked with the environment, as tourists mainly travel to natural and green environment destinations. This study has made an attempt to demonstrate the application of Geospatial Approach in evaluation of Master Planning for Sonamarg Resort most visited tourist place of Kashmir valley. Master Plan (MP) for Tourist Resort of Sonamarg was evaluated using topographical settings (Slope, Aspects and Elevation) natural drainage and land use land cover map. Evaluation of Master plan for Sonamarg tourist resort was carried out in two ways i.e., zone vise (A, B, C and D) and slope vise. High resolution Google Earth satellite images of IKONOS were used to analyze current land use land cover in Sonamarg, which are classified into 7 classes. ASTER DEM was used to prepare the slope, elevation and drainage maps. RETScreen Expert was used to get the climate data from NASA to correlate it with the Tourist inflow months. Results indicated that “Zone A” may exhibit conversion from pastures and built up into mixed zone and village settlement; “Zone B” from agriculture to riverfronts; “Zone C” from pasture land to golf course and camping areas; “Zone D” from built up, pastures and recreations sites to golf lodges and facilities areas. Slope vise evaluation indicated that forest should be on higher slope, recreational tourist including Golf Course, River Front and Organized Parks on the moderate slope while built up on the lower slope. The Rapid settlement expansion is seen as one of the potential threats to sustainable development and settlement planning coupled with effective resource utilization and allocation of infrastructure initiatives are other key concerns.

Tourist choice of heritage sites in Romania: a conjoint choice model of site attributes and variety seeking behavior

ABSTRACT Romania owns a significant number of UNESCO listed heritage sites, but comparatively negligible tourist inflow. The information-seeking and the variety-seeking behavior of tourists among various types of heritage sites in Romania and associated peripheral attractions were explored from the TripAdvisor website and other resources. The travelers’ choice of heritage sites was clustered using a modified K-mean clustering technique, resulting in five clusters based on certain attributes of heritage sites, influencing the tourist’s choice of visit. Subsequently, a conjoint choice model is used to understand the role of heritage sites’ location along with their attributes and peripheral attractions that influences the choice of tourists. This study proposes strategies to the policymakers and tour operators to enhance Romanian tourism potential. The findings suggest that trips with low travel time and cost encourage the tourist decision. Policymakers should also develop peripheral attractions in most of the UNESCO heritage sites, which are remotely located. In addition, peripheral locations should promote the local culture and products with enhanced quality so as to attract more international as well as national travelers. Potential strategies to enhance tourist visits to various types of heritage sites viz religious, historic, and parks, in Romania have also been proposed.

Perceptions of and interactions between locals, migrants, and tourists in South Tyrol

The nexus of migration and tourism is well explored, and both phenomena possess push- and pull factors. Their influence and connections can be seen in one of the top tourist destinations in Europe, South Tyrol, a region located in Northern Italy, and one of its most important tourism hubs: Ortisei. The area is particularly interesting for researchers due to its long history of tourism and the multilingualism of the region. Our in-depth and exploratory research approach helps gain a better understanding of the complexity of the migration-tourism nexus from a local perspective. It confirms the attractiveness of the tourism sector for migrants, but also the impact of both phenomena on the region. The findings show that the presence of migrants in a destination is strongly connected to the inflow of (domestic and international) tourists and the touristic experiences offered at the local level. Therefore, tourism contributes to the generation of in-migration. The growing share of migrants working in the local tourist industry represents the most evident link between the two phenomena, supporting the tourism-led migration hypothesis. But the local perception of tourists and migrants as the ‘other’ and trust as a relational characteristic joins the two phenomena on a different level, as both are seen as ‘non-local’ groups. However, within a tourist destination, both migrants and tourists interrelate with the local community, thus shaping it. And even though the statistical categories prevail based on the length of or reason to stay, at second glance those boundaries blur, and the acceptance of ‘new’ populations groups living, working and visiting the destination seems to increase with their duration of stay.

A time series analysis of causality between tourist arrivals and climatic effects for nature-based tourism destinations: evidence from Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Do tourist arrivals affect the climate of the destination or is it the climatic conditions that influence tourist decisions to visit a destination? These questions merit special attention for the nature-based and weather-dependent livelihoods in the mountainous regions of South Asia. Communities in these regions, on the one hand, are vulnerable to climatic change and rely on, on the other hand, income from tourism for their livelihoods. This research specifically examines whether a large number of temporary visitors to mountainous regions, which are otherwise isolated from urban settlements, contribute to the change in climate. To capture the changes in climate, we have taken four variables: temperature, rainfall, sunshine and humidity. Tourist arrival is recorded as total annual temporary tourists to the area annually for the years 2000–2017. Using an ARDL bound test method to co-integration and Granger causality test on time series data, this research empirically examines the relationships between tourism and climate change. The findings suggest that indicators like sunshine and temperature have significant long-run and short-run relation with tourist arrival. Likewise, results suggest bidirectional causality between tourists’ inflow and temperature, unidirectional causality toward tourist arrivals from sunshine and unidirectional causality from rain to tourist inflow. Humidity and tourist inflow are causality independent.

Current state of the tourism industry in Ukraine: problems of development and ways of improvement

The paper deals with justifying the importance of the tourism industry as an effective component of the development of social, cultural, economic, political spheres of a region and a country. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the current state of the tourism sector in Ukraine; identify major problems of the tourism sector; suggest effective ways of its further development. It is proved that the development of tourism services, both domestically and internationally, requires high quality of such services and search for ways of its effective functioning. The paper touches upon the role of tourism in the economy, current state of tourism operations, distinguishes factors influencing the development of this industry. The object of research is the tourism industry in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the current state of the tourism industry in Ukraine: problems of development and ways of improvement. The methodology of the study is based on using such methods as scientific abstraction, analogies and theoretical generalization – to study theories regarding tourism sector in Ukraine, determination of its role in the economy; system analysis – to study current state of domestic tourism sector; graphic method – to represent visually the theoretical and practical results of the research; structural-logical – to construct the study logically; theoretical generalization – tohighlight the specific features of tourism industry improvement process on both regional and state levels. The study covers main indicators of tourist industry development in Ukraine as well as analysis of tourist tax revenue and tax payments to the state budget of Ukraine. The paper also explores the main problems that hinder the effective development of tourism in Ukraine, particularly in environmental, social, economic, political spheres which need to be addressed. The factors that reduce the volume of foreign tourist inflow to Ukraine and negatively affect the active promotion of the tourism product are identified. The paper proposes ways of improving the socio-economic development of both the tourism sector as well as the region and the state as a whole. The article emphasizes the creation of a positive image of Ukraine as a tourist state and this process should be based on the infrastructure modernization of tourism, resort, and recreational spheres. Among the effective ways to improve the tourism business efficiency in Ukraine, the article proposes stimulation of travel companies to promote inbound tourism, which will help to generate high profits and replenish the state budget regularly. Based on the results of the study, the main ways of solving tourism sphere issues in Ukraine and active promotion of tourism services should be: improvement of regulatory-legal framework for development of tourist and recreational services in Ukraine; close cooperation of authorities with scientific organizations; stimulation of domestic tourism development; state support of social tourism through the development and improvement of appropriate national programs which will guarantee e benefits for setting up of tourism businesses; investments in tourism industry development; facilitation of competitive advantages development; improvement of tourism safety; participation in international tourism industry development programs. Furt her research will revitalization of tourism in Ukraine is one of the high priority directions of domestic economy development. Solving problems that currently hinder tourism development will increase economic income to the state budget. Taking into account the fact that Ukraine has a strong tourism and recreation potential, active promotion of the tourism product will increase employment levels and create conditions for rapid economic development. Stimulation of travel entitiesfor inbound tourism development will generate high profits not only for tourism industry but also other sectors of the economy and the country. That is why development of effective strategic plans and improvement of regulatory framework can enhance Ukraine's tourism image, accelerate the tourism industry, and increase budget income.