Tourist Emotions Research Articles

Assessment and Application of Digital Museum Visitors' Emotional Experience Based on Virtual Reality Technology and Emotion Recognition Algorithm

Abstract Each person will have a different emotional experience for the same scene or exhibit, which reduces the accuracy of emotional recognition and leads to the complexity of the evaluation of visitors' emotional experience in digital museums. In order to improve the user experience of digital museums, the evaluation and optimization methods of visitors' emotional experience of digital museums based on virtual reality (VR) technology and emotion recognition algorithm are studied. A spectrogram is generated according to the voice sent by tourists when they visit the digital museum, which is based on the CSWNet_CRNN emotion recognition depth learning model input, which evaluates tourists' emotional experience results and draws their emotional responses to digital museums. The visual and auditory features of the digital museum scene with positive emotional experience are extracted, respectively. Using VR technology, the extracted features are applied to each link of the digital museum scene content design, optimizing the digital museum VR scene and improving the digital museum experience. The experiment shows that the tourist emotion recognition accuracy of this method is high, and the emotion recognition accuracy of 300 random tourists can reach 100%. In terms of generating new scenes, the feature extraction results of this scene are consistent with the feature estimation of positive emotions by ordinary people. The use of extracted features to optimize the digital museum scene has better realism and detail accuracy, which can be favored by most people and promotes the sustainable development of digital museums.

Exploring the impact of seasonal forest landscapes on tourist emotions using Machine learning

This study investigates the emotional changes of tourists experiencing natural forest landscapes in different seasons, which plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of forest landscape systems and forest tourism. However, existing research has limited focus on the temporal impact of detailed elements of forest landscapes on tourists' emotions. We integrated a research framework utilizing methods such as Object Semantic Attention Network (OSANet), High-Resolution Net (Hrnet), EXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), thereby uncovering the nonlinear impact of detailed forest landscape indicators on tourist emotions. The results revealed(1) In the past three years, the emotional score assessments of tourists' experiences in natural forest landscapes showed a prevalence of positive emotions at 85.7%, with negative emotions constituting 14.3%. The emotional distribution characteristics varied significantly across seasons, with kernel density peak values of 4.16 in spring, 2.43 in summer, 5.33 in autumn, and 1.74 in winter. (2) The landscape indicators with the most significant impact on emotions across different seasons were Openness in spring, summer, and autumn (with contribution values exceeding 0.16, 0.13, and 0.175, respectively) and Ground exposure in winter (with a contribution value greater than 0.2). The SHAP waterfall charts indicated that the indicators providing a stable positive effect varied by seasonTrees in spring (0.361), Openness in summer and autumn (0.276 and 0.24, respectively), and Mountains in winter (0.145). This study provides a data foundation for the sustainable development of forest landscapes and tourism, aiding planners and managers in understanding the nonlinear impact of detailed elements of forest natural landscapes on tourists' emotions across different seasons. It also broadens the methodologies and perspectives for researching seasonal forest landscape preferences.

Enhancing emotional responses of tourists in cultural heritage tourism: the case of Pingyao, China

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the interplay between heritage tourists’ experiences and their emotional responses, and to identify the mediating effect of Memorable Tourism Experiences (MTE), drawing upon the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) theory. The study was conducted in Pingyao, a UNESCO-listed heritage city. Employing a convergent concurrent mixed-methods approach, this study combines quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) methods to collect data. The results identified the positive effects of authenticity, nostalgia, and sacredness on MTE. Additionally, the study demonstrated that under the mediating effect of MTE, authenticity, nostalgia, and sacredness directly and indirectly affect subjective well-being and destination image. Although the direct impact of sacredness on destination image has not been definitively identified, the indirect impact mediated by MTE is positive and significant. This paper contributes to the research on tourist emotions and offers practical suggestions for the development of cultural heritage sites.

Staging a comeback? The influencing mechanism of tourist crowding perception on adaptive behavior

An increasing number of studies have recently elucidated the serious negative effects of tourist crowding. However, how tourists cope with crowding and adopt adaptive responses remains unclear. Thus, this study qualitatively identified the mechanism of tourist crowding perception of adaptive behavior from interviewees and then quantitatively validated the mechanism through the mediation of tourist fatigue and negative emotions, as well as the moderation of peer emotion contagion. Tourists were more likely to return to a destination and engage in temporal replacement behavior through the mediating effect of tourist fatigue, but it was also found that peer emotional contagion interferes with two paths that explain how tourist crowding perception influences tourist emotion change or state variation, impacting adaptive behavior responses. Consequently, we recommend diverting tourists, focusing on alleviating fatigue and negative emotions and channeling the peers’ negative emotions to mitigate the negative impact of tourist crowding.

Tourist emotion-learning nexus: A case of Sertar, China

This paper discusses the nexus between tourists' emotions and learning at a religious site, Sertar, in China. Based on Kolb's learning cycle, this qualitative study proposes a conceptual framework regarding the connections between tourist attraction stimuli, tourist emotions, and tourist learning outcomes. The findings reveal that tourists have experienced mixed and intense emotions and obtained valuable learning outcomes, including changes in attitudes toward life, changes in attitudes toward others, changes in values and beliefs, and cross-cultural awareness. Tourist emotions play a vital role in triggering reflection and further generating transformative learning. Negative emotions could also result in positive learning and future behavior intentions. Practical implications are offered to destination marketers to design experience products and individuals seeking learning and eudaimonia.

Unexpected surprise: Emotion analysis and aspect based sentiment analysis (ABSA) of user generated comments to study behavioral intentions of tourists

Scholarly work regarding tourist behavior requires more empirical support especially concerning methods to extract emotions and sentiments from user-generated comments on social media. Research on predicting behavioral intentions of foreign tourists who faced culture shock (or unexpected surprise) has been under-represented in tourism literature. This paper used Aspect Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) and Emotion analysis (EA) to predict tourist behavior from User Generated Comments (UGCs) post their travel in three Asian countries. Findings reveal the presence of a sizeable inactive group of tourists who were indifferent towards post-travel behavioral intentions. The study recommends destination managers to consider managing tourist emotions, specifically sad surprise, in the travel phase of the tourists to strategically manage the post-travel behavior of tourists on social media. A conceptual model has been presented to operationalise these constructs to broadly predict destination optimism and destination pessimism proclivities of the tourists.

Experiencing authenticity to environmentally responsible behavior: Assessing the effects of perceived value, tourist emotion, and recollection on industrial heritage tourism.

As an important part of cultural heritage, industrial heritage has important cultural, historical and economic values. There are many studies on authentic experience in industrial heritage sites, but the studies on responsible behavior of authentic experience to environment of industrial heritages are still lacking. Therefore, this study takes Nanjing Quarry Park as the research object and S-O-R theory as the theoretical basis, after combing the literature on five aspects of authentic experience, perceived value, emotion, tourists' recollection and environmentally responsible behavior, the authors made questionnaires and conducted field research, the authentic data of tourists' authentic experience in Nanjing Quarry Park were obtained by questionnaire and analyzed, and the research model of responsible environmental behavior of authentic experience in industrial heritage scenic spots was constructed. In conclusion, this study found that authentic experience and perceived value can induce positive and negative emotions in tourists, and then produce memories, and act on environmentally responsible behavior. Emotion plays a part of mediating role in authentic experience, perceived value, recollection and environmentally responsible behavior. Positive emotion and perceived value have significant positive effects on recollection and tourists' responsible behavior, while negative emotion and perceived value have significant negative effects on recollection, there was no significant negative effect on responsible behavior of environment. Authentic experience is an important antecedent of emotion.

How does destination crisis event type impact tourist emotion and forgiveness? The moderating role of destination crisis history

Drawing on attribution theory and situational crisis communication theory, this study investigates how destination crisis events impact tourist sympathy, anger, and intentions of forgiveness in four experiments. It also examines the moderating effects of destination crisis history (none vs. similar vs. dissimilar). The results of Study 1 and Study 2 revealed that external crisis events cause more sympathy and tourist forgiveness than internal ones, but less anger. They also indicated that sympathy and anger play a mediating role in destination crisis events and tourist forgiveness. The results of Study 3 and Study 4 revealed that destination crisis history predicts the impact of crisis events on tourist emotion and forgiveness. In particular, when there is no destination crisis history or similar crisis history, an external crisis event will garner more sympathy and forgiveness than an internal crisis event. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications for destination crisis management.

Impact of comprehensive distance on inbound tourist satisfaction

Purpose Distance is the core concept in tourism. However, previous studies focused on single distance dimensions and generated contradictory findings due to omitted variable biases. This paper aims to introduce the well-established CAGE (cultural, administrative, geographical, and economic) distance framework into international tourism research to measure the comprehensive distance and explore its impact on inbound tourist satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach The comprehensive distance was calculated based on the Mahalanobis formula. Combining tourist review data from TripAdvisor, this study used ordinary least square regressions to explore the influence of the comprehensive distance on inbound tourist satisfaction and the mediating role of inbound tourist emotion. Findings Results show that CAGE distance effectively describes the dynamic change in distance. The comprehensive distance also positively impacts tourist satisfaction, and tourist emotion plays a mediating role in this impact. Originality/value This paper advances knowledge about distance in international tourism by introducing the CAGE distance framework and addresses the contradictory findings with specific distance dimensions by the comprehensive distance.

The Impact of Tourist–Robot Interaction on Tourist Engagement in the Hospitality Industry: A Mixed-Method Study

Service robots have become a topic of interest for tourism and hospitality researchers and practitioners. The success of service robot adoption lies in the effectiveness of tourist–robot interaction. There has been less interest in the performance of tourist–robot interaction, with research related to tourist engagement being particularly scarce. Drawing on the theoretical perspective of relationships, this article examines the impact of tourist–robot interaction on tourist engagement in the hospitality context. A mixed-methods approach is adopted, utilizing grounded theory and structural equation modeling. The findings reveal two types of tourist–robot interaction, emotional (fun and playfulness) and instrumental (convenience and ease of use). Tourist–robot emotional interactions influence tourist engagement by enhancing tourists’ needs satisfaction, tourist emotion, and social bonds with robots. It was found that tourist–robot instrumental interaction positively affects tourist engagement through needs satisfaction and tourist emotion but not social bonds. The findings extend our understanding of human–robot interaction and customer engagement.

How destructive are negative tourist-to-tourist interactions despite the mitigating effect of optimism?

This study examined the relationship between negative tourist-to-tourist interaction (NTTI) and tourist emotions, intention to recommend, and revisit intention, based on the stimulus-organism-response paradigm and service-dominant logic. It also investigated the moderating effect of optimism in the relationship between NTTI and tourist emotions to highlight the importance of optimism in tourist behavior in COVID-19 times. Data were collected through a survey form from 256 domestic tourists visiting Pamukkale travertines and archaeological site, one of Turkey's leading attractions. The research hypotheses were tested using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling. The data analysis revealed that NTTI significantly affects tourist emotions. Unpleasantness had a negative and significant effect on intention to recommend, while joy had a positive and significant effect. Besides, joy and positive surprise affected revisit intention positively and significantly. Joy and unpleasantness mediated the relationship between NTTI and intention to recommend. Finally, optimism moderated the relationships between NTTI and joy and NTTI and positive surprise. • Negative tourist-to-tourist interaction is measured as a reflective-reflective higher order construct. • Co-destruction is an effective process in the tourism experience. • Negative tourist-to-tourist interaction affects tourist emotions. • Optimism weakens the negative effect of negative tourist-to-tourist interaction.

Emotional Analysis and Annotation of Tourism Landscape Images Based on Tourist Experience

Tourist attractions need to optimize and upgrade their tourist services and tourist experience, according to the trendy topics on the Internet and the we media. This calls for objective evaluation of tourist experience, and accurately depiction of tourist emotions upon looking at tourism landscape images (TLIs). However, most of the existing methods for image emotional analysis cannot overcome the semantic gap, or handle an extraordinarily large image set. To solve the problems, this paper implements emotional analysis and annotation of TLIs based on tourist experience Firstly, the flow of tourist experience evaluation was expounded, and a model was constructed to evaluate tourist experience. Next, the forms of feature-based semantic information were specified for TLIs, and the emotional features were calculated for such images. After that, a semantic selection model was established to generate the emotional feature subsets of TLIs. Finally, the proposed model was verified through experiments on image emotional classification and annotation, and the relevant results were analyzed in details.

Mengukur Behavioral Intention Wisatawan Di Era New Normal Pandemi Covid-19 Di Kota Padang Berbasis Experience Economy Dan Emotion

This study aims to measure the behavioral intention of tourists in the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Padang City based on the experience economy and emotion. The population in this study were all tourists who came to visit tourist destinations in the city of Padang in the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of which was not known with certainty, with a total sample of 138 tourists. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method. Analysis of the data used is Partial Least Square (PLS).
 Based on the results of the study, the results are summarized as follows: (1) The experience economy has a significant positive effect on tourist emotions in the new normal era of the COVID-19 pandemic in Padang City, (2) the experience economy has a significant positive effect on the behavioral intention of tourists in the new normal era. the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Padang, (3) emotion has a significant positive effect on the behavioral intention of tourists in the new normal era of the covid-19 pandemic in the city of Padang and (4) the experience economy has a significant positive effect on the behavioral intention of tourists in the new normal era of the covid-19 pandemic. 19 in Padang City through emotion.

Attribution theory and negative emotions in tourism experiences

Existing tourist emotion studies are biased toward examining tourists' positive emotions due to their positive influence on a range of post-consumption behaviors. Tourists' negative emotions have potentially a stronger influence on future behaviors, with a significant omission being how tourists explain their own and others' behavior. Using attribution theory and the psychological constructivist view of emotions, we evaluate the relationship between nine main categories of tourists' negative emotions identified in travelogues (disgust, distress, anger, fear, sadness, regret, shame, boredom, and shock) and their attributions (locus of control and stability). By analyzing 298 travelogues via an a priori approach, and using correspondence analysis, the results show that feelings of shame are attributed to self-control while feelings of distress, regret, and sadness are attributed to the behavior of other tourists. Negative emotions such as anger and disgust are attributed to stability while the negative emotion of shock is ascribed to instability. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.

Residents’ Cognitive Appraisals, Emotions, and Coping Strategies at Local Dark Tourism Sites

While tourist emotions elicited at dark tourism sites are well understood, little is known about residents’ experiences at local dark tourism sites. This study explores residents’ emotional experiences at dark tourism sites, the cognitive appraisals of their experiences and emotions, and the coping strategies they deploy to address them. In-depth interviews with 37 residents of Christchurch, New Zealand (site of the Canterbury earthquakes), reveal that residents cognitively appraised their experience at local dark tourism sites on important facets such as centrality and controllability. Visits to local dark tourism sites embodied memories of the disaster that elicit more negative (e.g., sadness) than positive emotions (e.g., gratefulness). Residents coped through seeking comfort from others or positive reappraisal of the experience. Furthermore, visits to dark tourism sites are in and of themselves a coping strategy for residents postdisaster. Implications for the development of dark tourism attractions and support for resident well-being are offered.

The role of natural soundscape in nature-based tourism experience: an extension of the stimulus–organism–response model

ABSTRACT This paper echoes the call for multisensory tourism research from the perspective of auditory sensory experience. Based on an extended stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model, the natural soundscape is linked with tourists’ emotion and behaviour, and the possible structural relationships between them are verified with structural equation modelling. The results indicate that auditory factors such as natural soundscape significantly affect tourists’ emotion and behaviour in nature-based tourism. Emotion induced by natural soundscape can significantly improve tourists’ actual approach behaviour and behavioural intention in nature-based tourism. Different emotional dimension can elicit different behavioural type. Emotional arousal tends to trigger tourists’ actual approach behaviour, whereas emotional pleasure tends to encourage tourists’ behavioural intention. Actual approach behaviour in natural soundscape can significantly promote tourists’ behavioural intention. Based on these findings, valuable information for tourism managers on generating desirable tourist emotion and behaviour is offered.

Encouraging tourist citizenship behavior through resource uniqueness and service quality: The mediating role of emotions

Consumer citizenship behavior is widely considered to be vital to business success. However, the role of resource uniqueness and service quality in encouraging citizenship behavior in tourism settings has not been well understood. Grounded on a framework integrating the Stimulus-Organism-Response Model and Social Exchange Theory, this study examines whether tourism resource uniqueness and service quality affect tourists’ citizenship behaviors (i.e., word-of-mouth recommendations and providing feedback) through the mediating effect of tourist emotion (i.e., positive and negative emotions). A total of 321 samples collected from three types of scenic spots in China were analyzed using structural equation modeling and Bootstrapping procedures. Results suggest that both tourism resource uniqueness and service quality positively predict positive emotion and negatively influence negative emotion, which is further positively and negatively associated with word-of-mouth recommendation and providing feedback, respectively. Moreover, both positive emotion and negative emotion mediate the effects of tourism resource uniqueness and service quality on tourists’ citizenship behaviors. Findings provide evidence that both resource uniqueness and service quality are critical to understand tourists’ citizenship behavior, and offer important marketing implications for destinations to manage tourist emotional experiences.

Impact of Spatial Scale of Ocean Views Architecture on Tourist Experience and Empathy Mediation Based on “SEM-ANP” Combined Analysis

Wang, C. and Yi, K., 2020. Impact of spatial scale of ocean views architecture on tourist experience and empathy mediation based on “SEM-ANP” combined analysis. In: Yang, Y.; Mi, C.; Zhao, L., and Lam, S. (eds.), Global Topics and New Trends in Coastal Research: Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 103, pp. 1125–1129. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In this study, we have first set up the relational model on the spatial scale of ocean views architecture, tourist emotion, perspective taking and comprehensive evaluation of tourist experience based on the “SEM-ANP” research method. Subsequently, we have proposed the feature of elements, selection of paths and relation of weights applicable to the evaluation of ocean views architecture. Finally, we have carried out the empirical test on our proposal. The results show that: (1) Empathy has a mediating effect on “spatial scale of ocean views construction - comprehensive evaluation of tourist experience”; (2) It is necessary to fully investigate the characteristics of tourist mood and perspective taking during ocean views construction; (3) The “four-step” strategy can be adopted in the evaluation of ocean views construction. In the end, we have put forward the coping measures for evaluating ocean views construction that take into account both the spatial design and the psychological characteristics of tourists subsequent to our study on the influence of the spatial scale of ocean views architecture on the tourist experience.

An overview of the destination physical servicescape with SOR paradigm: the importance of prestige sensitivity

ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the relationships among the destination physical servicescape elements, perceived price, tourist emotions, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Besides, the moderating role of prestige sensitivity is investigated in terms of the relationship between the variables affecting and being affected by perceived price. For data analysis, PLS-SEM is applied and except for the effect of joy on behavioral intentions, all the other direct effects are found to be statistically significant. In addition, prestige sensitivity has a moderating role only in the relationship between the perceived price and love.

THE ROLE OF TOURIST EMOTION IN DESTINATION LOYALTY

Dominant role of tourist emotions as an inescapable element in tourism experience has been widely acknowledged. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual idea on tourist emotion to address inadequacy of the past studies to incorporate characteristic of marketing to determine destination loyalty. Emotion and destination loyalty is an important concept in destination marketing being capable to address switching behavior and variety seeking nature among tourist. This paper discussed various theoretical elements regarding the use of emotion which was originally borrowed from the field of psychology and the need for context specific emotion to accurately capture tourist related emotions. This discussion denotes the key differences in the use of emotion in psychology and tourism. It further proposed a set of direction for future research employing emotion in tourism should be heading in order to better position to predict destination loyalty. This paper also discussed various underpinning theories, limitation and practical implication for academia and policy makers. KEYWORDS: Tourist emotion, loyalty, experience, destination.