Tourist Elements Research Articles

How does tourist development influence traditional mountain landscapes? A case study from the Western Beskids, Poland

In many mountainous regions, ongoing reforestation leads to the permanent shrinkage of traditional landscapes connected with past human activity. Tourism is often perceived as a measure for the protection of traditional landscapes. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of in-depth studies exploring the connection between mountain glade conservation and tourism development. This paper aimed to determine whether tourism development can prevent the reforestation of temperate mountain glades and to assess the extent of its influence on traditional glade landscapes. Based on the example of the Western Beskids (Poland), we investigated the change in the range of glades in relation to tourist development, which has not been analysed until now. Cartographic analyses were used to examine how the landscape has changed since 1983. To determine the influence of tourist development on the landscape, the tourism landscape footprint (TLF) index was calculated. Two trends were detected: reforestation in glades that are touristically utilized and the gradual tourist development of the remnants of traditional landscapes within preserved non-forested areas. The study reveals that despite tourism, reforestation within glades is continuing, and simultaneously, the share of tourist elements in the shrinking glades is increasing. In the case of areas intensively used for tourism, the traditional landscape is disappearing as it is transformed into a tourist landscape. Further studies are necessary to assess the level of tourism development that will provide traditional landscape conservation in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

TERRITORIAL MARKETING WITH VIRTUAL TOURS: AN EFFECTIVE STRATEGY FOR PROMOTING TERRITORY

Essentially, the attractiveness of a territory seems to be linked to its ability to attract flows and make itself desirable. We then speak of attraction, or more precisely, appeal, which refers not only to demographic, environmental, and economic dimensions but also to criteria of notoriety, image, and reputation. In this sense, the tourism sector appears to be a vital lever for the competitiveness of a territory. Due to its ability to generate visibility and readability of spaces and vernacular products, this sector is often seen as a first experimentation of a city or country, leading to a possible retention of visitors. The literature review often describes Algeria as an extremely attractive territory, while other indicators point to a rather unappealing image of the country. We will then make the distinction between attractiveness, which first refers to the presence of potential, and competitiveness, which rather addresses the management of this capital. The challenge thus seems to be oriented towards the implementation of a logic that allows taking advantage of the assets present in situ to better respond to this problem of capturing and satisfying demand, both nationally and internationally. However, this issue must be addressed with up-to-date data. It must take into account the evolution of tourists' behavior, who increasingly refer to digital media to outline an image of their future destinations. Thus, the digital age and the growing importance of information and communication technologies seem to be revolutionizing territorial marketing and, in particular, the tourism sector. Naturally, the reflection turns to Algeria's ability to accompany this movement. In other words, what are the methods and tools used in terms of territorial marketing and, more precisely, in the field of tourism and e-tourism? Our research undertakes a retrospective of experiences with virtual tours of heritage monuments produced by our team (using a 3D scanner). From the Bey's palace to the tomb of Massinissa, passing through the Roman aqueduct of Constantine, we attempt to highlight the impact of these innovative tourism products in enhancing the tourist elements of a city or territory. An introspection of the feedback on these services will allow us to better understand the expectations of visitors on one side, and to revise territorial marketing approaches on the other. The objective is to move away from classical policies by proposing more competitive, innovative strategies.

Implementing close-range remote surveys for the digitally supported rock mass stability analysis

A digitally supported rock mass stability analysis is herein presented for the implementation of non-contact close-range remote surveys against landslide hazard in sheltered environments, such as Marine Protected Areas. An airborne photogrammetric survey was carried out at the Lachea Islet (Sicily), which is part of a small volcanic archipelago with a peculiar geological history, hosting unstable rock masses belonging to the first eruptive stages of Mount Etna. The digital model built for this study allowed extracting the discontinuity orientation data, performing a kinematic analysis along the recognized discontinuity clusters, and quantifying the volume of potentially unstable boulders. Laboratory tests allowed achieving the main physical-mechanical parameters of involved rocks, which were used to perform a quantitative stability analysis under both deterministic and probabilistic approaches, based on the extracted digital data. Finally, a 3D rockfall trajectory analysis was carried out by simulating statistical rockfall path on the digital model built for the study. Results highlighted a poor stability in the studied islet sector, which is worsened by taking into account the high seismicity that characterizes the area. The main tourist elements of the islet must be considered at risk, as they are located within the simulated trajectories of the landslides. The methodological protocol carried out for this study, based on conventional procedures but using remotely derived and digitally processed information, can be considered a useful tool in the frame of nature-based solutions for hydro-meteorological hazards connected to climatic changes.

THE GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF TOURISM IN THE GAWI REGION THE PERIOD BETWEEN (2008-2020)

This study targeted a strong region in Chad (2008-2020) As one of the important archaeological and tourist areas in Chad, it contains a museum with heritage and cultural relics of the Sao community, who are the ancestors of the Ketko community, which is located in the south-west of Chad, which is a strong area, and the north of the Cameroon and Nigeria, which reflects the development of the region since ancient times. The problem of research in the study of a strong region and highlight its tourist elements, which has not received much attention by the state and society in the desired way. Based on this problem, several sub-questions have been raised, the most important of which is the lack of cultural awareness of the community and the weakness of infrastructure is a major obstacle in promoting tourism activity in the region of Gawi? The importance of research lies in highlighting the tourism reality of a strong region, while the study aimed to: - Identify the natural and human geographical components that exist in a strong region, and the problems facing tourism activity, Seeking to reach scientific results that help those in charge of the state to find appropriate solutions to these obstacles. The most important results were found: - There are geographical components of tourism in a strong region with no exploitation of these elements in the required form.it was found through the study that a strong region suffers from a severe weakness in the infrastructure in general, as summarizedby their recommendations: The use of external expertise and training and rehabilitation of national cadres in the field of tourism. It is also recommended to pay attention to the museum of a strong area and maintain it well, especially in the autumn season, where rainwater leaks into the artifacts and damages them

The appreciation of the jurisdiction of crimes committed during commercial space flights

The author examines the jurisdictional dilemma of determining the appropriate approach to be applied to a crime that could potentially be committed during a space flight with tourists on board by assessing the place of commission of the crime. In addition, the study is based on comparisons under such sources of international law as the Outer Space Treaty (OST) and the Antarctic Treaty (AT). Based on the analysis of certain articles of these documents, the authors propose to regulate commercial space flights by the example of distinguishing the “tourist element”. This approach is based on the fact that Article 8 of the Antarctic Treaty specifically refers to the tourist as a subject of liability and that a person with tourist purposes is protected by national law. Therefore, for the proper international regulation of space tourism and improvement of the Outer Space Treaty, it is recommended to legitimise tourist purposes and to distinguish the status of non-astronaut tourists in order to establish liability for certain criminal acts.
 To support these initiatives, two cases are cited as examples: that of astronaut Ann McClain and Dr. Rodney David Marks. Thus, the first case emphasises the restricted applicability of criminal jurisdiction on the international space station, which is usually decided by the law of the country of a person’s nationality. The second case demonstrates that although the Antarctic Treaty can serve as an example for regulating space tourism, the jurisdictional battles between states on the territory of the site of an incident with a criminal element have undermined its effectiveness. Consequently, the authors conclude that it is necessary to introduce specific international rules to regulate commercial space flights, where the aspect of jurisdiction in the investigation of a crime committed by a non-astronaut tourist should be of paramount importance.
 It is specified that each partner of a space flight, both the state (in the case of public interests) and/or certain flight authorities operating under the auspices of a particular country, and a space company and/or a provider of relevant services (in the case of private interests), must register a commercial space flight and its structural objects as flight elements.
 In this case, each of these partners retains jurisdiction and control over the registered components.

A perspective for transforming central areas of South African cities into great places

ABSTRACT The city centres of South African cities are in the process of degeneration and need transformation. The study assessed the current scenario of the various physical, spatial, and socio-economic attributes of central areas of three South African cities and explored how they can be transformed into great places. The challenges related to physical and visual elements, liveability, social and cultural elements, productivity and sustainability, and human experience and richness were identified. Three important strategies that include community participation is likely to change perceptions and enhance belongingness and ownership, the integration of ICT and the revitalisation of public artefacts and places including cultural and tourist elements and enhancement of accessibility are found to be essential for the revitalisation of the city centres, enhancement of economic activities and vibrancy. Therefore, it is theorised that a combination of these strategies could transform the degenerating city centres into great places.

Exploring the Spatial Characteristics of Stay Areas in Walking Tours through the Lens of Volunteered GPS Trajectories: A Case Study of the Zhuhai–Macao Metropolitan Area

The stay areas in walking tours are the service and management unit of recreational walking in metropolitan areas. The rational characterization of stay areas in walking tours is of great significance for developing local tourism, constructing appropriate public facilities, optimizing the configuration of tourist elements, and improving facility efficiency. The existing research focuses mainly on functional, top-down classifications of tourism, tourist behavior patterns, and route designs, but it has left tourists’ stay areas largely unaddressed. To fill this gap, we propose a new framework for the interpretation of stay areas in walking tours based on GPS trajectory data and accompanying photos uploaded by users. Taking the Zhuhai–Macao metropolitan area as an example, we first captured the stay points and clustered them to the walking tour stay areas using DBSCAN. The characteristics of the stay areas were then collected, and a hierarchical analysis was conducted in terms of spatial features and geotagged photos. The results show that the stay areas can be grouped into six categories displaying obvious differences in spatial distribution, landscape features, and tourist activities. We also found the connections between Zhuhai City and the Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR) to be relatively weak. In conclusion, our results can contribute to tourism planning as well as the further management and allocation of recreational service facilities in the area researched.

Utilization of Regional Assets for Urban Regeneration Projects in Central city type Focused on 4.19 Intersectional area

This study distinguished the types of urban tourism resources that could attract visiting consumers among local assets and proposed priorities for projects that should be promoted to enhance tourism attractiveness based on visitor surveys and analysis in the case target. The main contents are as follows. In the empirical analysis process, we derive 20 tourism resources through prior research analysis and propose implications through the IPA matrix. In detail, the tourist elements that need to be located in 1st quadrant and maintain existing competitiveness are natural landscape, historical and cultural resources, residents hospitality, storytelling, performance fairs, and local festivals. If you look at the elements of tourism resources that are located in 2st quadrants and need to be improved first, they are representative food, streetscape, night view, and entertainment. Although it is said to be a variety of tourism factors that need to be gradually improved in 3st quarters, lifestyle shop, architectural design, and night tourism activities, which differ in importance and satisfaction, are expected to have a great effect on improvement. The quadrant was the only part that needed to maintain the status quo, with the only distribution of the ‘master image’. The implication of this study is that it proposed priorities that can be applied to the actual field.

EDUARDO RIBEIRO AVENUE: Rescuing the past as a guide for the tourism in the city of Manaus-AM

This study examines the historical, socio-cultural and tourist elements that are part of the composition of Eduardo Ribeiro Avenue, located in the city of Manaus-AM. Having as its general objective: to investigate how the Eduardo Ribeiro Avenue and the historical and tourist aspects that compose it, can be analysed in the context of heritage interpretation. Being its specific objectives: to identify the history of this avenue and its importance to the formation of cultural manauara's  patrimony, raise the current elements that complete the landscape of the street and analyse its relationship with tourism and, suggests a touristic visitation route focused specifically for the Eduardo Ribeiro Avenue having as foundation the principles of patrimonial interpretation. A qualitative research with descriptive and exploratory objectives using bibliographical, documental and field technical procedures. Concerning the results, the Eduardo Ribeiro Avenue is considered the main artery of the centre of Manaus, this street has throughout its extension important historical buildings in addition to being one of the centres of commerce in the capital. The historicity is embodied in its urban layout, in its paving, in its cobblestones, in the century-old buildings that make it up along with its infrastructure, making the Avenue a very relevant space for tourist activity in the capital. Its relationship with tourism is based on the perspective of the rescue of a historical legacy for the manauara society and most importantly, the possibility of scripting the aforementioned avenue by the local tourist trade having as a foundation the principles of patrimonial interpretation.

Exploring the Prospective of Dark Tourism in Pashupatinath: A Hindu Pilgrimage Site, Nepal

A unique and increasingly pervasive feature within the tourism landscapes in the post-modern world is the special interests of tourists in death and anything associated with death. It is often believed that those who indulge in death and disaster site tours could potentially awaken their spiritual journey. The visitor immersions, in the spaces of death, and the events that have taken place or are re-created, triggers social conscience, or some shared emotion or an experience of involvement, with the death event. Reckoning to this facet, Pashupatinath temple- a place of pilgrimage for the followers of Santana Vedic religion which shows the comprehensive aspect of Hindu death rituals, symbols and processes has been chosen. The study proposes the site as a dark tourism destination and explores the convergence of cultural heritage site, pilgrimage and death rituals in the area that is associated with its characterization- particularly with reference to the witnessing of live open pyre burning death rituals at the cremation ground (ghat) that exclusively showcases the eastern phenomenon of death-spectatorship exhibited by Hindu death ritual. Despite an immense influence of the site in the tourism industry, the eastern dark tourism potential induced by the site has not been recognized formally by the tourism stakeholders. Even though it is widely consumed by the western visitors as a tourist element. The phenomenon of Hindu death tradition in the ghats of Pashupatinath is inclusive of all the death-related rituals and is a threshold of transition and transgression, a place in between life and death. Henceforth, as the central tenet of dark tourism being “the death”, Hindu death rituals in Pashupatinath could be firmly brought into the realms of dark tourism discourse. The findings are based on the prevalence of push factors that encourages consumption of the proposed site as a dark tourist product in liminal conditions (an in-between position). To be more specific, the practice of intellectualization of emotion, convenience of visits, edutainment elements, practice of moral disengagement. The prospective of dark tourism in Pashupatinath, if entitled to the mere promotion of the crematory site, may send a negative connotation and raise moral and ethical concerns. Hence, tourism stakeholders should consciously introduce the phenomenon as an accompaniment to the popularized mainstream religious and cultural value of the site.

أثر العامل الجغرافي الديني على الجذب السياحي في مدينة أربيل

Religious tourism is defined as traveling from one country to another or moving within the borders of a country with its own eyes to visit the holy places. It is tourism that is concerned with the spiritual side of the human being. It is also a mixture of religious and heritage contemplation for the sake of calling and drawing closer to God. The Kurdistan Region of Iraq in general, and the city of Erbil in particular, is a region and a tourist city in which all the elements of natural tourism are available, both human and natural, as the city of Erbil has many tourist elements that depend on it for tourist attraction, whether it is locally from within the region or abroad. Religious tourism has recently emerged as an economic pattern of great use in the budgets of countries and societies. It has become worthy of official and societal attention to the extent that a country is no longer devoid of a religious landmark that strengthens the public tourism system and helps support the national economy. Based on the realization of the utmost importance of the economic viability of religious tourism for the Kurdistan Region and the city of Erbil, this study tries to show that the city of Erbil possesses many places and religious tourist sites, as it has gained an independent personality that can influence the effect of economic change in the study area, after being familiar with the current situation of this economics The vital sector, and then developing an integrated vision for its future, believing in its importance as one of the alternative economic sectors worthy of parallel to oil in the Kurdistan Region, and a sense of the need to move forward in identifying priorities for economic planning, and exploring the financial streams that are more flexible and faster in terms of the ability to strengthen the general budget of the region. For the purpose of achieving the goal of the research and reaching the results of the study, the research was divided into four sections, where the first one deals with the definition of the study area, and the second study deals with the definition of the importance of the religious geographic factor and the components of religious tourism in the study area, and in the third section we deal with the spatial distribution of the variables of the religious tourism components in a city Erbil. As for the fourth topic, it analyzes the reality of religious tourism in the city of Erbil. And then, in the end, to refer to the researcher's conclusions, and the most important recommendations that the researcher recommends for the development and development of religious tourism in the study area.

Assessing physical accessibility conditions to tourist attractions. The case of Maspalomas Costa Canaria urban area (Gran Canaria, Spain)

In this research, a methodology for the analysis of accessibility conditions for people with physical disabilities was developed. The analysis is based on an assessment of the sidewalk network in two tourist areas located in Maspalomas Costa Canaria (Gran Canaria, Spain). ArcMap's Network Analyst was used, and Spanish regulations on accessibility in urbanized public spaces, as well as the points of origin (tourist accommodation, bus stops and reserved parking lots for people with reduced mobility) and destination (access points to the beach and other tourist elements, some of them with heritage value) for typical users were considered. After application of the methodology, a set of potential routes were obtained. The results reveal deficient walkability, with breaks in the accessibility chain in both study areas. It is concluded that new measures to improve accessibility are required which can be used as a basis for the development of new tourist products to reinforce the competitiveness of the tourist destination.

Туризм и экономический рост: региональный аспект

<span>Цель статьи</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>оценка влияния туристических потоков и факторов, связанных с туристической индустрией, на экономический рост регионов РФ. Методология исследования</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceBefore"> </span><span>–</span><span class="myHorizontalScaleForEmDashSpaceAfter"> </span><span>регрессионный анализ ряда статистических показателей. В результате исследования было выявлено положительное влияние величины турпотоков на экономическое развитие регионов. Кроме того, положительно влияют на величину ВРП (из ограниченного числа выбранных показателей) инвестиции в основной капитал, рассматриваемые за предыдущий год, и объем платных туристических услуг, оказанных населению.</span>

ANALYSIS OF TOURISM DESTINATION COMPONENTS OF ZARIA URBAN AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

Tourism is not just a lucrative sector but the fastest growing industry in the world. Many people travel miles to satisfy their pleasure apatite at any destination where satisfaction can be met. But some destinations are flooded while some are scanty. There are many approaches to investigate this and many studies had been done. But despite all these, each destination is unique in terms of its components and attractions combination, this form the basis for this study. The aim of this study is to analyze tourism destination components in Zaria Kaduna State of Nigeria. Tourists’ opinions were sampled through questionnaire at various strategic centers to cover all tourism elements at the destination. Data collected were analyzed using Importance Performance Analysis technique (IPA). The results prove attraction to be the primary destination component i.e. main attractant, while accommodation and accessibility as secondary attractants (Facilitators) in the destination. The outcomes suggest major shortcomings that are traced to poor advertisement, insecurity in the destination e.t.c. The study established the state of the attractiveness of Zaria as a tourist destination, what components and elements are attractive and are not and the factors that influence these. In line with these, the study proposes recommendation that the local tourism board needs to be rejuvenated in other to enhance the local tourism industries to improve its attractiveness among others.

Spatial diversity of tourist facilities in the Silesian Beskid mountains in Poland

This article proposes a method of the assessment of distribution of tourist facilities. The main aim of presented study is to assess a spatial density of tourist elements. The evaluation of the distribution of tourist facilities in the landscape allows to indicate overloaded areas. The second purpose is the proposition of an indicator measuring the landscape saturation of tourist facilities, i.e. density index developed by the authors. The index, referred to river basin, is based on the ratio of the area of the tourist facilities to the total area of the unit. For the purposes of calculation, the authors developed a framework for the classification of tourist facilities based on its spatial character. The method was examined in the Silesian Beskid mountain range and can be applied in similar mountain areas.

ВИДИ ТУРИЗМУ У КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНИХ ТЕНДЕНЦІЙ РОЗВИТКУ ТУРІНДУСТРІЇ

Over the last twenty years, tourism has played an increasingly prominent role in the world economy. However, the beginning of 2020 was marked not only by the decline of the international tourist movement due to the emergence of a new virus and the introduction of quarantine restrictions. However, it should be noted the emerging changes in the tourism market: the emergence of new trends in international tourism, which developed dynamically in 2019, continue to develop after the resumption of tourist flows. It is worth noting that with the growing demand of tourists for the service, the tourist product itself is becoming more sophisticated, increasing its complexity and capital intensity. Also in the last ten years, the tourism industry has faced an acute problem of preservation and development of both recreational resources and tourist resources in general. All this led to the emergence and development of such tourism as online tourism (with the development of scientific and technological progress, urbanization, technocratization of human life, tourism with the use of computer technology and minimization of personal contact are becoming more attractive). In the article the author considers innovative types of tourism, such as agritourism, alcohol tourism, atomic tourism, gastronomic tourism, spiritual tourism, space tourism, travel of non-traditional sexual minorities, cash freе, childfree, couchsurfing, edutainment, geocaching, microcations, neotribes, sabbatical, slow travel, undertourism, vegan travel as non-traditional leisure options. The role of virtual tourism as a component of online tourism was described through a detailed description of the tourist elements of the virtual tourism platform in the world and its value to modern society (creation of a complex of virtual tours, which can be conditionally divided into virtual excursions to iconic historical and cultural sites; virtual excursions to museums dedicated to science and virtual excursions to art museums by using various technologies to minimize the risk of the spread of the virus and maintain consumer demand). Also, the author proposes the process of using modern world tourism trends indicated in the article as a tool to support consumer`s demand for travel services.

Artesanías de Tigua en centro del mundo

En el aspecto geográfico, demográfico, social, económico y cultural a través de entrevistas al Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Parroquial Rural Zumbahua para conocer el actual del sector, se realizó el Inventario de Técnicas Artesanales mediante fichas del INPC, la información fue recolectada por medio de entrevistas a los Artesanos de la parroquia y Comunidad Tigua, se elaboró la Guía de Técnicas Artesanales mediante la sistematización de los datos, lo cual se hizo referencia los materiales, procesos y técnicas de la actividad artesana. Las pinturas de Tigua son un arte símbolo, reflejo de la cultura de las comunidades indígenas ecuatorianos. La población definida con fines de ingreso y beneficio en aquellos sitios de las diferentes comunidades de Tigua, los pintores se encuentran ubicados en sus talleres - galería. Los resultados apuntan que las pinturas son elementos patrimoniales y turísticos. La fiesta de las culturas andinas” llega a su punto más alto, la Embajada de Ecuador en España y los colaboradores han puesto todo su esfuerzo y cariño, tras los dos años de perseverancia, y superadas todas las dificultades presupuestarias, que se haga realidad. Así, el gran acontecimiento para el museo, un momento de celebración del día 30 de septiembre por las obras de los artistas tiguenses, y nos transmitirán durante más de tres meses las obras de los artistas del tigua, todo un cantón a la vida y a la simbiosis con la naturaleza.

From theory to practice: Converting class content to study abroad

Study Abroad is a non-traditional classroom. It offers students a view to real world application, the praxis of theory taught in class. How does a faculty member take a traditional syllabus and translate it into a successful study abroad course?This session will start with an introduction to recent literature on the benefits of using study abroad as part of the teaching arsenal. Mason Study Abroad will display a variety of pedagogies commonly used in the study abroad setting such as the interplay between work done before departure to onsite work, academic journaling, academic reflection, group discussions, onsite debate, presentations, and the use of onsite resources. Participants will also be introduced to the use of the local environment including how to choose visits, activities, and the balance between tourist and non-tourist elements. Participants will analyze how the pedagogies apply to a variety of disciplines and how each benefit students. The session will place particular emphasis on the creative use of methodologies to enhance intercultural skill development. Included will be how to building a variety of elements to meet the needs of different learning styles.Given Mason’s status as a Research I institution a component on incorporating research will be included. A group activity is planned where participants take a Mason course and re-create it in a study abroad setting.

TOURIST DEVELOPMENT OF BJELASNICA MOUNTAIN-PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVE

The subject of paper is Bjelasnica mountain, or problems and perspective of tourism development. This area is rich of rarity natural geographical and socially geographical elements, which contribute to its uniqueness. Natural geographical specificity of the study area is related to its component natural geographical elements such as: relief, climate and hydrogeographic and biogeographic characteristics, which together with anthropogenic tourist elements form the basis for satisfying of complex needs of tourism. Seasonality of tourism movement is expressed on Bjelasnica, which is evident in the winter period of the year. As a normal consequence of the increasing tourist demand in the winter period, arranging ski areas gains on special importance in the process of tourism planning and mountain areas. Ski slopes and lifts are the essence of winter offer and their functioning must be a prerequisite for the finalization of other elements of the offer such as accommodation, food and recreation. Also, if you want to achieve main purpose of the ski centers, and this is primarily recreation and psycho-physical rest, it needs to take care of the capacity of space that will be incorporated in the work.

Identity and authenticity in destination image construction

The aim of this paper is to establish a clear distinction between the often misused concepts of identity and authenticity as related to place and also to examine the role that both concepts play in constructing destination image. The basic hypothesis of this theoretical approach is that the concepts of identity and authenticity are fundamentally different in terms of the tourist element they are related to, from the point of view of destination image construction. Identity is a concept basically related to the tourist object and projected image. Authenticity, a more ambiguous term, is basically related to the tourist subject and perceived image. A model is built to understand both tourism identity and authenticity in a holistic conception of destination image construction.