Tourism Planning Research Articles

Demand Analysis Models to Support Cultural Tourism Strategy: Application of Conjoint Analysis in North Sardinia (Italy)

This study focuses on an inner area in Northern Sardinia (Italy) currently experiencing depopulation and considered ‘fragile’ due to its lack of typical regional summer tourism. However, this area boasts an intriguing cultural heritage, currently under-recognized and undervalued. The aim of this contribution is to apply to this territory the Conjoint Analysis methodology, which examines target demand and constructs scenarios. Drawing from the regional plan for tourism, an exploratory phase was employed to support future strategies in cultural and touristic enhancement by stakeholders. In this regard, the experiment, involving a survey of 600 interviews among inhabitants (301) and tourists (299), aims to: (1) estimate the economic value of the cultural heritage and tourist consumption preferences using WTP, (2) raise awareness among decision-makers about the varied value perceptions of the territory and its heritage by its users, (3) craft a knowledge framework of this territory to diversification of the tourism offer. The study showcases innovative elements both in terms of internal technical aspects and strategic approach. The collection of preferences, based on a set of nine itinerary cards, highlights undervalued aspects related to intangible components, community well-being, sustainable consumption habits, sustainable mobility, and microeconomies not strictly tied to traditional tourism types.

Research on the Role of Geographic Literature in the Establishment of Tourism Image in the Context of Informatization

Abstract This paper utilizes web crawler in network text mining technology to obtain the Jiangsu garden review data on several OTAs and tourism UGC platforms, such as Baidu Tourism, Ctrip.com, and Ma’s Nest. The data preprocessing work such as text de-weighting, word frequency classification, and parameter solving is carried out on the document dataset by using the lexical algorithm, and the preprocessed text data is subjected to TF-IDF keyword extraction and LDA topic extraction. Starting from the characteristics of the cultural lineage, the intrinsic attraction elements affecting the commercial transformation of tourist attractions are explored, and taking the planning of the industrial, cultural tourism town in Ezhou as an example, the process of planning and designing from the establishment of tourism planning concepts, and thus the completion of the visual IP image, is elaborated. The tourism image perception of the four major gardens in Jiangsu is examined from both cognitive and emotional perspectives using the results of TF-IDF and LDA extraction. The results show that the trend of the frequency of each fraction of the emotion of the Humble Administrator’s Garden, Liouyuan Garden, Lion Grove, and Canglang Pavilion scenic spots is roughly the same, and the mean value of emotion is 0.758, 0.851, 0.828, and 0.845, respectively, reflecting the tourists’ average emotional perception of the individual scenic spots. This study provides new methods and ideas for promoting the integrated development of culture, commerce and tourism in small and medium-sized cities so that the culture and tourism industry can be developed sustainably.

Tourism marketing for accessible tourism (tourism for persons with disabilities) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Purpose: The study determines how accessible tourism (tourism for individuals with disabilities) is marketed in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how respondents' responses varied based on their gender, kind of disability, and geographic location.
 
 Methods: The descriptive survey method was employed to fulfill the study's objective. After confirming the indicators of its validity and stability in the Saudi context, the researchers designed the study instrument "electronic questionnaire" that consisted of (18) items divided throughout three domains: (tourism planning, tourist sales and goods, and tourism services). The instrument was used on a sample of (142) male and female participants with impairments (physically challenged, visually impaired, and hearing impaired) who were chosen by the stratified random technique from three locations in the south of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Najran, Jazan, and Asir).
 
 Results: The results indicated that accessible tourism (travel for people with disabilities) marketing reality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is at a low level. In addition, it was discovered that the variables of gender, type of disability, and region have no statistically significant impact on the reality of tourism marketing for accessible tourism (tourism for people with disabilities) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study recommended that broad steps and measures be taken by the Saudi government and the Tourism and Leisure Authority toward developing tourism marketing for accessible tourism. Therefore, these measures should meet the needs of people with disabilities, attracting them and placing accessible tourism on the local and international tourism map.
 
 Implications and values: Broad steps and measures must be taken from the Saudi government and the Tourism and Entertainment Authority towards developing tourism marketing for accessible tourism to suit the requirements and needs of people with disabilities, attract them, and place accessible tourism on the map of local and global tourism.

A Multiple Geospatial Approach for Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Potentiality Mapping in Iran

Intangible cultural heritage has recently emerged as an important sector of sustainable tourism development programs. In this regard, the main objective of this study was to map and examine the capability of different cities in Iran for intangible cultural heritage (ICH) tourism. For the methodological perspective, we employed an integrated geographical information system (GIS) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as efficient geospatial approaches for intangible tourism potentiality assessment. Regarding this goal, we concluded that Iranian pastoral nomads have a number of unique characteristics that are suitable to international tourists from a geographical, social, cultural, and artistic perspective. From the methodological framework, we employed an integrated geographical information system and multiple geospatial approaches for analyzing the ICH features and intangible tourism potentiality assessment. The methodological framework includes several major steps, including (a) the selection of the criteria and preparation of a GIS dataset, as well as standardization; (b) criteria weighting and sensitivity analysis; and finally, (c) criteria aggregation and production of the final ICH maps. The results of this study indicated that there is a very high capability of intangible and cultural tourism and heritage in different parts of the country, which are variable based on the local customs, traditions, events, and cultural characteristics. As the results indicated, the highest level of the ICH potentiality was found in Urmia, Khoy, Tabriz, Mashhad, Shiraz, Isfahan, Dezful, and Kashan. These cities are ranked based on the overall capability and contribution of the national intangible tourism potentiality assessment. The results of this study indicated that Iran has indeed remarkable ICH capabilities that can be used as the base of efficient sustainable development programs. However, due to international sanctions and political issues, developing a sustainable tourism program has already faced critical challenges. Based on the results, we concluded that the information obtained from this study leads local stakeholders, decision-makers, and authorities to identify the potentiality of each area and take into account developing tourism plans. In addition, the obtained information will also support readers, international travelers and tourism agencies to understand the potentiality of each area, as well as the suitability of different areas for intended travel objects, and to develop tourism programs and plans.

A tale of duality: Community perceptions towards the ecotourism impacts on Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia

This study aims to analyze how park households perceive the economic, socio-cultural, and environmental impacts of ecotourism in Simien Mountain National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia. We combined qualitative and quantitative techniques for data collection. A sequentially embedded mixed design that gives priority to quantitative data was used. We also employed a multistage sampling technique to select respondents from three districts or woreda, namely Debark, Janamora, and Beyeda woredas. Finally, 397 participants were involved in the study from a random selection of three villages from each district or woreda. Data were gathered using a survey questionnaire, interviews, and focus group discussions. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including means, standard deviations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and logistic regression models. The findings from a logistic regression analysis revealed that ecotourism participation had a significant relationship with gender (B ​= ​1.850, P ​= ​0.023), level of education (B ​= ​0.238, P ​= ​0.032), geographical location (B ​= ​0.420, P ​= ​0.041), and occupation (B ​= ​0.920, P ​= ​0.019). This investigation suggested that males and individuals with a higher educational background are more likely to possess optimistic perspectives concerning the impacts of ecotourism. Furthermore, individuals residing in districts relatively near ecotourism destinations, those engaged in tourism-related work, and younger participants were recognized as having optimistic viewpoints regarding the impacts of ecotourism. In conclusion, the study highlighted the need for collaborative efforts among stakeholders to maximize ecotourism's benefits and minimize negative effects in SMNP. To achieve this, it is recommended that the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Agency, the Ministry of Tourism, and local government should work together to develop sustainable tourism plans that enhance local livelihoods and park conditions. Efforts should focus on increasing the participation of women and individuals with lower education levels through training and resource provision.

Features of the local community involvement in the social tourism development (case study – Serik district, Antalya, Turkey)

Introduction of the research problem. Tourism activities have shown a shift from privileged individuals with high purchasing power to individuals with lower income levels due to increased leisure time. Along with a high economic potential, tourism has an important social significance; namely, it ensures the restoration of human life forces spent in the work process and contributes to the spiritual and intellectual development of the individual, thereby increasing the quality of labor resources. Orientation to the development of tourism in view of the principles of sustainable development, with an understanding of the need for the development of social tourism and promoting the improvement of the level and quality of life of the population, ensuring accessibility for all segments of the population does not lose its relevance and the need to implement science-based initiatives and measures that should be based on specific research results, primarily geographical. In order to understand the opportunities and obstacles to the development of social tourism, the following questions remain essential: What is the attitude of the local population to the intensive development of tourism in the region of residence? What is the involvement of the local population in tourism? What problems does the local population face when organizing leisure activities? What are the obstacles, challenges, and opportunities for the organization of social tourism? Given the limited geographical studies on social tourism, this study is seen as an original and distinctive contribution. The significance of this research lies in its potential to serve as an example for Turkey. The purpose of this research is to identify the participation of the local community living in urban and rural neighborhoods of Serik district, which constitutes one of the significant destination points in Antalya province, known as the tourism capital of Turkey, in tourism activities. Additionally, if there are any factors hindering their participation, the aim is to identify and highlight them. Results, scientific novelty, practical significance. Research method was employed, and a face-to-face survey was conducted using a random sampling method between December 2022 and April 2023, reaching a total of 466 participants. Out of these, 33 surveys were used for pilot testing, and due to incomplete data, 384 surveys were entered into the SPSS software package for analysis. According to the findings, it was observed that 44.8% of the local community residing in urban and rural areas of Serik district had not had the opportunity to go on vacation in 2022 or earlier. In this context, it is evident that the most significant factor influencing the participants' inability to go on vacation is financial insufficiency. Therefore, the necessity of public and civil institutions and organizations supporting the local population with various holiday programs arises.Therefore, it is deemed necessary to integrate social tourism activities to the maximum extent possible in the tourism planning for the local community.

Tourist Guide AI

Abstract—The research paper presents an innovative AI-driven platform that revolutionizes the landscape of personalized travel recommendations within specific cities. Leveraging the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI), the "Tourist Guide AI" system offers curated suggestions for attractions, activities, and dining options based on individual preferences. The platform integrates machine learning algorithms, geospatial data, and natural language processing to provide comprehensive insights into city attractions, ensuring a personalized and enriching travel experience. The deployment phase involves launching the system on cloud servers, ensuring widespread accessibility and scalability to accommodate varying user demands. The methodology employed encompasses rigorous data collection, preprocessing, and the implementation of a recommendation algorithm that combines collaborative and contentbased filtering techniques. The user interface is designed with intuitiveness and user- friendliness at its core, ensuring an intuitive experience for travelers of all backgrounds. The platform's advantages include personalized recommendations, efficient trip planning, real-time updates, and potential integration with mobile devices for on-the-go guidance. The research paper also acknowledges potential disadvantages and limitations, such as data accuracy, privacy concerns, and limited coverage for remote or lessvisited destinations, emphasizing the commitment to continuous improvement and expansion of coverage. The "Tourist Guide AI" project represents a significant step towards simplifying and enriching the tourist planning process, ensuring that each trip is a unique and tailored adventure for travelers of all backgrounds and preferences. Keywords—Tourist Guide AI, places recommendation, OpenAI APIs, Tourism form AI,Content Based Filtering, Vectorization .

The Use of Information Technology in Empowering of Tourism Resources and MSMEs in Tanggetada Sub-district, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi

The community-based tourism concept which encompasses community participation in the tourism planning process is advocated as a way of implementing sustainable tourism. Tanggetada sub-district has Tourism and MSME potential the value is quite interesting and unique compared to the others. The lack of use of information technology in managing tourist attractions and MSMEs has resulted in the dissemination of confusing information from visitors. Therefore it is necessary to develop the use of GIS-Based technology as a promote tourist attractions and MSMEs in the Tanggetada Sub-district. This community service takes the form of socialization and training in the use of GIS-Based Tourist attraction websites and MSMEs because the number of visitors will increase.

Map of brazilian tourism – Analysis of the criteria to include the municipality of Casserengue-PB

Tourism in Paraíba represents a potentiality, portrayed in natural attractions, strong cultural identity, relevant material and intangible heritage, as well as a hospitable and supportive people. But this tourism needs to be disseminated and promoted with emphasis on the appreciation and creativity of regional and local tourism. Given this context, it is proposed as a general objective to present a proposal for integrated tourism planning, participatory management and encourage the insertion of the municipality of Casserengue in the Brazilian Tourism Map. Data collection was bibliographic and through field research, from May to November 2020, with updates from January to April 2022. As a result, it was found that the insertion of the municipality in the Brazilian Tourism Map enables integrated planning and participatory management, as well as the development of an action plan for municipal management for the benefit of society. Therefore, the tourism planning proposed for Casserengue suggests a restructuring of infrastructure, public policies, as well as the valorization of local labor to offer quality tourism services or products and provide the economic and social development of the municipality.

Creating a monetization-SolVES model to visualize the cultural ecosystem services for promoting landscape conservation

Cultural ecosystem services (CES) are often neglected due to their intangibility and subjectivity. The visualization of the monetary value of CES can clarify its spatial heterogeneity, which is conducive to enhancing people’s cognizance of the nature protection and the CES utilization. Currently, research on its spatial visualization often uses the SolVES model. This, however, indicates the spatial expression of the CES value index (non-monetary), not the monetary value. It is, therefore, of great significance to study the spatial visualization of the monetary value of CES. Using the Puzhehei Scenic Area (PSA), as a typical case of the natural and cultural landscape, we identified the primary types of CES through field investigation and interviews, and calculated their monetary value in 2019. Then, we used the SolVES model to spatially map each CES non-monetary value index, and innovatively applied the Monetization-SolVES model to realize the spatial visualization of the monetary value of CES. The results show that: (1) There are ten primary types of CES, including recreation, aesthetic, therapeutic, cultural heritage, biodiversity, social relations, intrinsic, sense of place, educational research, and future services. (2) In 2019, the total monetary value of CES in PSA was 13,483,458,700 CNY. (3) The high-value index regions of CES are primarily distributed along with the classic cruise ship projects or around the main scenic spots. (4) The Monetization-SolVES model can effectively express the spatial heterogeneity of the monetary value of CES. The highest monetary value of CES was 32,826.05 CNY/pixel (10 m × 10 m) in 2019. The monetary value of each CES type varied greatly. The monetary value of recreation was found to be the highest (273,821 CNY/pixel), and the educational research was the lowest (167.66 CNY/pixel). This can aid tourism planning and landscape conservation in PSA, and may provide references for CES research in other similar regions.

Future Travel Intentions in Light of Risk and Uncertainty: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior

COVID-19 has affected travel and will undoubtedly impact how people view travel and future intentions to travel as we adjust to life moving forward. Understanding how people arrive at these travel intentions will be paramount for managers and planners in determining how best to reactively and proactively plan for tourism, especially considering perceived risk and uncertainty related to COVID-19. By extending the theory of planned behavior, this study aims to examine the relationship between perceived risk, perceived uncertainty, subjective norms, attitudes about future travel, and perceived behavioral control in explaining individuals’ intentions to travel in the near future. This study employed a quantitative research method, and data were gathered using an online questionnaire distributed through Qualtrics from a sample of 541 potential travelers (representing residents of 46 US states) from 23 June 2020 to 1 July 2020. Of the eight hypotheses tested, four were supported. Surprisingly, neither perceived risk nor uncertainty were significant within the model. Subjective norms significantly predicted both attitudes about traveling and perceived behavioral control. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control, in turn, explained a moderate degree of variation in individuals’ intentions to travel. Study implications, limitations, and future research suggestions are offered. One of the main managerial implications includes the need for destinations to be proactive and focus on intentional planning for sustainable tourism.

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATOR SYSTEMS APPLIED TO TOURISM

This article presents an analysis of sustainability indicator systems used in studies on the development of sustainable tourism at the global and national level. The methodological procedures, of an exploratory nature, had a mixed approach combining statistical and quantitative data with a narrative review and bibliographical research. This led to an overview of publications that address sustainability indicators in tourism, as well as the most common indicator systems used nationally and internationally. It was possible to conclude that, even though they are important tools for tourism planning, sustainability indicators should not be unquestionable in their relevance in this process. This is because they are instruments that have flaws, either in their design or application. As practical implications of this research, the survey and analysis of indicators used for sustainable tourism planning may help in the creation and revision of sustainability indicators suitable for regional contexts. Furthermore, as a result of the present study, it was also observed that there is a gap regarding the contribution of Latin American studies on this topic.

Geospatial Tools for Determining Visitor Carrying Capacity in Tourist Streets and Public Spaces of Historic Centres

This paper presents a methodology for using geospatial tools to enact efficient tourism planning and management in streets and other public spaces in historic centres. The study uses 3D laser scanning, GIS, and spatial data processing techniques to analyse the visitor carrying capacity of streets near cultural attractions. The methodology was tested on Miguelete Street in València (Spain), next to the Cathedral. The results show that these digital tools are efficient and accurate for the spatial analysis of visitor carrying capacity studies.

Trip Planning and Recommendation System with AI Chatbot

The principle aim of this project is to develop a responsive website, which would comprehend the process of tour planning and management for users. With the increasing popularity of tourism and recreational activities all around the world has increased, there is a need for an advanced and smart tour planning system, which would make it easier for users to plan and execute trips. This proposed website is built in such a way that the user will get to know all aspects related to his trips, and there will be a ChatBot, which would make the booking procedure easier for the user. The Chatbot would suggest the user different destinations based on the user’s area of interest and make the decision-making process more rational. Also, it would help the user to gain more insights about their dream holidays for a smooth trip without any disturbances and mismanagements. Along with the ChatBot, we also integrated a virtual tour feature, which would give users a glance at their dream destinations. The development of the website involves various software integrated using a robust backend system, which will implement and handle the processing and retrieval of travel-related data, ensuring fast and accurate user queries. The front end of the website will be designed to provide an intuitive and visually appealing UI, enhancing the UX. Keywords — Chatbot, virtual tour, user interface, user experience, frontend, backend.

Toward sustainable community-based tourism development: Perspectives from local people in Nhon Ly coastal community, Binh Dinh province, Vietnam.

Community-based tourism (CBT) is no longer a new form in many countries, including Vietnam. However, the approach of CBT in a sustainable manner, especially in coastal villages, where tourism has recently emerged as an alternative livelihood, has received little attention. This study explores the impact of tourism on the lives of the local community, the level of people's participation in tourism, and the challenges of tourism development in the coastal commune of Nhon Ly, Binh Dinh province. By utilizing a qualitative method such as observation and semi-structured interviews with 19 villagers engaged in tourism, the results show that tourism contributes significantly to the lives of the residents in Nhon Ly (e.g., improving income, changing livelihoods from fishing to tourism, improving environmental awareness). However, tourism development has obstacles related to local people's skills and knowledge working in tourism and their limited participation in tourism policy and planning. Other issues were related to the negative impacts of tourism on cultural-social and environmental aspects in Nhon Ly. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive coordination among all tourism stakeholders, building long-term strategies to overcome barriers toward sustainable CBT development in the future.

PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS GUNA PENGEMBANGAN WISATA DAN PRODUK LOKAL DESA BANSARI

This program aims to maximize the economic potential of Bansari Village through strategic planning for tourism and local product development. The first stage involves mapping out the potential, challenges, and introduction of Bansari Village's flagship products, which include sectors such as agriculture, plantations, and tourism. The village is rich in flagship products like Premium Melon and chili that have been exported abroad, as well as having the Embung Bansari tourist attraction. However, there are obstacles in utilizing digital platforms for marketing and the management of the Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDes) which is not yet well-structured. The second stage focuses on assisting the village to improve BUMDes management capabilities, including the implementation of Business Model Canvas workshops, financial reporting, and the use of information technology. The final stage involves evaluation and interactive discussions to address the problems faced. These activities result in concrete strategies for the management and promotion of tourism and local products, which are expected to enhance the welfare of the Bansari Village community

Detecting the magical yellow-blue demarcation off the Yellow River Estuary from the space

River deltas rank among the most ecologically and socio-economically valuable environments on the planet. The Yellow River Delta in China is not only home to young wetland ecosystem, but also to world-renowned tourism resources. One of these was the unique yellow-blue demarcation line (YBDL), formed in the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) as a result of the meeting of terrestrial sediment-laden river water and clear sea water, which had developed into a famous attraction and generated significant tourism revenues. Moreover, its distribution was of vital ecological and geomorphological importance due to association with the dynamics of estuarine turbidity plume. However, little is yet known about the dynamics and influencing factors of YBDL. In this study, we proposed an integrated method for extracting YBDL from satellite imagery and investigated the spatiotemporal distributions of YBDL during the flood season (June-October) from 2016 to 2022 using multi-source satellite imageries. The average relative error of our algorithm reached 10.53%. The results indicated that the YBDL started to frequently occur after 2018, mainly distributed within 10 km off the YRE, with two types of short straight and long curved shapes. July was the period with the highest frequency and most widespread distribution of YBDL. The riverine water and sediment discharge controlled 45.9% of the variations in YBDL length, and the extreme flooding, as well as the implementation of Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme, significantly increased the distribution extent of the YBDL. The morphology of river distributary mouths dominated the changes in the YBDL distribution centres, and the north distributary mouth experienced dramatic evolution in the last three years, with an increased YBDL distribution. Tidal currents could promote the development of YBDL at the front of the river mouth plumes while inhibiting the YBDL on the other side. This study is the first systematic investigation of the spatiotemporal evolutions and driving mechanisms of YBDL in the YRE, which could provide a reference for tourism planning and YRE National Park construction.

Contemporary Challenges in Destination Planning: A Geographical Typology Approach

This paper aims to outline a framework for reviewing the issues faced by tourism destination planning in the 21st century. This paper documents the use of tourism destination typologies as a framework for policy analysis and as a basis for decision making. The main research hypothesis of this study is that typologies based on, or primarily focused on, geographical dimensions have historically been the appropriate framework for strategic planning. This study proposes the use of a basic geographical typology, according to which destinations are categorized into urban, island, coastal, and mountainous. This paper refers to the evolution, key features, and challenges faced by each type of destination. Through a review of international best practices, this study maps out the fundamental objectives, developmental patterns, and strategies for each geographical type of destination, offering valuable insights for future research. Emphasis is given to contemporary trends in tourism planning in the first few decades of the 21st century.

Quantifying the Tourism Potential of North-Western Himalayas: A Comparative Analysis of Sonamarg and Doodhpathri, India

ABSTRACT Assessing the tourism potential of mountain destinations is crucial for successful and sustainable tourism planning. Tourism potential indicates the development and success of tourism in various regions and destinations. The present study deals with the mathematical model evaluation of the tourism potential of the north-western Himalayas. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the tourism potential of the two Himalayan destinations through a comparative study using a quantitative approach. The model employs the weighted sum method (WSM) to calculate potential tourism values. A simple random sampling technique with a structured questionnaire (N = 440) was used to accomplish the research objective. The results indicate that Sonamarg, with a value of (V = 0.630), has a medium, while Doodhpathri, with a value of (V = 0.398), has a low potential. Overall, the findings determine the significance of enhancing the tourist infrastructure and quality of service, strengthening ties with other tourism sites, and broadening tourism offerings to augment the allure of destinations and pave the way for a more diversified and thriving tourism industry. Unlocking the hidden potential of these destinations requires a holistic approach that considers the destination’s unique natural, cultural, and social aspects while promoting sustainable tourism.

Unlocking the Tourism Potential of Mawlana Yaqoob Charkhi Valley in Charkh District, Logar Province, Afghanistan

This research study examines the tourism potential of Mawlana Yaqoob Charkhi Valley in Charkh District, Logar Province, Afghanistan, and investigates its impact on the local economy. The primary objective is to identify key enhancements that can effectively attract a larger number of visitors and assess the influence of tourism on local market demand. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 100 visitors. The collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test in the statistical software SPSS. The findings reveal significant associations between various factors and increased visitor numbers, including improvements in road conditions, allowance for family visits, the establishment of hotels, the activation of additional recreational activities, the opening of shops and restaurants, and the extension of telephone and internet services in the area. Furthermore, it was observed that visitors from distant regions tend to contribute more significantly to the local economy through higher expenditure during their visits. Based on the study's results, recommendations are made for the Afghan government and private sectors to focus on infrastructure development in the aforementioned areas. This research contributes to the understanding of rural tourism development in Afghanistan and provides valuable insights for policymakers, managers, and tourism planners.