Tourism In Turkey Research Articles

Turizm Öğrencilerinin Engelli Bireylere ve Engelli Turizmine Bakış Açılarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma

The disabled tourism market is developing continuously in Europe. Turkey also is increasing the number of individuals with disabilities who participated in tourism. The development of this type of tourism, which can be evaluated within the scope of social tourism, will become more feasible with the prospective managers of the future having a positive view on disabled individuals and disabled tourism. The aim of this study is to determine the perspectives of higher education students in tourism education towards disabled individuals and disabled tourism. For this purpose, a field study was carried out. All tourist areas in Turkey training of research students constitutes the universe. In the study sample selected by sampling method easy, Turkey's tourism schools in various undergraduate and graduate level education constitutes 542 students of tourism. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using statistical methods and software. The findings of the study show that tourism students have positive views on disabled individuals and disabled tourism market. At the same time, students' perspectives show significant differences according to gender, educational background and disability status.

Motivators and Perceptions of Island Residents towards Medical Tourism in Mainland

A quality healthcare service at a reasonable price is one of the fundamental rights of a human. On the other hand, ideal healthcare services are not always available in our countries, and traveling abroad for health purposes becomes a necessity. The purpose of this study is to examine North Cyprus residents' perceptions and motivators toward medical tourism in choosing a medical tourism destination instead of consuming domestic medical services. A survey conducted with 430 residents in North Cyprus. Frequency analysis tables were created to analyze the demographic profiles, while the mean, median, Anova, and t-test have been conducted to analyze the respondents' perceptions based on their demographic profiles. North Cyprus residents have an overall positive perception of medical tourism in Turkey. Push factors such as seeking for health and fitness, resting and relaxation motivate the residents to travel. Internal motives pushing residents to travel abroad for medical treatment included reasons such as a lack of accredited hospitals, low quality of care, and insecurity for employers in the North. External factors included a safe physical environment, high quality of facilities, food, and friendly people. The study revealed the critical motivational factors in the decision process of the respondents.

Detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products in Turkey.

This study examined the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw milk, cheese, and cheese halva samples collected from the Çanakkale province of Turkey. Raw milk, Ezine cheese, and cheese halva samples (n 120 for each group, total 360) were collected from bazaars, local manufacturers, and supermarkets in the Çanakkale province of Turkey during 2014 and 2015. ELISA was used to detect AFM1 in these products. AFM1 mean values were 5.14-78.69, 19.43-158.30, and 50.25-213.50 ng/kg in raw milk, Ezine cheese, and cheese halva samples, respectively. The levels of AFM1 in four raw milk samples (3.3%) were above the legal limits, whereas AFM1 levels in Ezine cheese and cheese halva samples were within the legal limits according to the requirements of the Turkish Food Codex and the European Commission. Turkey has a wealth of cultures and local delicacies. Over previous decades, gastronomic tourism in Turkey has become popular owing to an increase in visitor demand, and traditional foods are being exported abroad. Our research investigated the presence of AFM1 in these types of food products. Çanakkale is one of the best representative cities in the Marmara Region in Turkey as a source of these unique products.

DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY OF RIVER TOURISM IN TURKEY: THE CASE OF ANTALYA

The development of river tourism in a region and its transformation into a development economy must be within the framework of certain plans, programs, policies or strategies. In principle, sustainability approach should be adopted in these plans and policies. For example, a sustainable tourism approach has been adopted in the Turkey Tourism Strategy 2023 Action Plan (2007) prepared by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. It is targeted that tourism will be a leading sector in securing rural and regional development and increasing employment. In order to ensure sustainability and to become tourism a leading sector, some points are emphasized in the action plan and even vision principles are set. Taking these principles into consideration, emphasis will be placed on the development of river tourism in Antalya, the provision of added value to the development of the region and the importance of tourism sustainability for all stakeholders. The purpose of this study is to propose solutions for the development of the river tourism in Antalya, the sustainability and the protection of the resources. In this study, firstly a general theoretical framework about river tourism will be presented. In sample of Antalya, the general situation and potential of river tourism in Turkey will be examined. It will focus on the policies and strategies that need to be done in order to contribute to the development of river tourism in Antalya and the development of the region and the country. SWOT analysis will be carried out in order to determine the situation and potential of the rivers of Antalya and to contribute to tourism opening and development; strong and weak points; threats and opportunities will be determined.

Tourism in Turkey: A Socio-Economic Assessment

Tourism in Turkey: A Socio-Economic Assessment

Crisis Management Practices In Accommodation Enterprises: Sample Of Istanbul Fatih District

İşletmeler çeşitli faktörlerden kaynaklanan nedenlerle kriz yaşayabilirler. Bu krizler yaşanırken de rutin dönemlerde uygulanan yönetim yaklaşımlarının dışında bazı uygulamalarda bulunurlar. Bu uygulamaların yeterliliği işletmelerin kriz durumundan en az hasarla çıkabilmesini, hatta krizden avantaj elde etmesini sağlayabilir. Türkiye turizmi 2014 yılında ağırladığı turist sayısı ve elde ettiği turizm geliri bakımından rekor kırmıştır. 2015 yılının ikinci yarısı itibariyle ise terör olaylarının tekrar patlak vermesi ve bazı politik sorunlar sebebiyle şiddetli bir kriz yaşanmıştır. Bu kriz sebebiyle 2016 yılında Türkiye Turizmi bir önceki yıla oranla hem turizmden elde edilen gelir hem de ağırlanan turist sayısı gibi verilerde yaklaşık %30 düşüş yaşamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu kriz sürecinde İstanbul’un Fatih ilçesinde faaliyet gösteren 3, 4, ve 5 yıldızlı oteller ile özel belgeli konaklama tesislerinin uyguladıkları kriz yönetimi yaklaşımları ele almaktır. Araştırma nitel bir araştırma özelliği göstermekte olup, verileri ilgili işletmelerin genel müdürleri ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle elde edilmiştir. Araştırma süresince 22 işletmeyle görüşme yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Krizin işletmeler için sürpriz olduğu, işletmelerin herhangi bir kriz yönetim planlarının olmadığı görülmüştür. İşletmelerin kriz anı ve sonrasında, kriz öncesine göre daha aktif bir kriz yönetimi gerçekleştirdiği anlaşılmıştır. Krizin bazı olumsuz etkilerinin hala sürdüğü gözlemlenmiştir

ASSESSMENT OF API TOURISM IN TURKEY BY SWOT ANALYSIS

In this research, the api tourism potential of Turkey was evaluated by SWOT analysis. The purpose of the study is to determine current situation of api tourism in Turkey within the scope of health tourism. Statistical databases of Turkey Bee Breeding Center Union, Turkey Statistical Institute and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the findings achieved by international and national studies have been utilized in the paper. At the end of the SWOT analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks of the api tourism in Turkey has been determined. According to the findings, having the 3rd most significant beehive reserve in the world, being one of the 12 most essential gene centers of the world concerning flora, and applying apitheraphy methods that are considered as a part of the traditional and complementary medicine in accommodation centers is already legalized by the Ministry of health. Its weaknesses are absence of provinces that have the most beehives in Turkey among the api routes, deficiency on promoting and marketing as a bee route, and underdeveloped api tourism consciousness.

Seven Churches Of The Revelation Visited In Route Tourism In Turkey

Turkey has many historical and cultural riches beloging to Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as well as "Gobeklitepe", the oldest religious center of the world 11,500 years ago. There are many places in Turkey that are mentioned in the Bible. The most mysterious of these places are the Seven Churches (Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, Laodicea). Today it is observed that there is an current demand especially by Christianity groups who came from Europe, America and the other countries for Seven Churches. The aim of this study is to evaluate the route of Seven Churches in religious tourism in Turkey. In this study, a 6-step content analysis model was used. There are 24 travel agencies that organize The Tour of Seven Churches in Turkey. However, there are no logos, emblems and motto of the Seven Churches. In the study present implications to distinguish, promote and contribute to the creation of an effective image of the Seven Churches from other cultural assets in Turkey.

The Use of Instagram as a Public Relations Tool in Health Tourism: An Analysis on “Health Tourism Turkey” Hashtag

While new communication tools take their place among the tools used for public relations and publicity, social networks are especially notable among these tools. Today, social networks have become a source of information for many people. On the other hand, health tourism, which means traveling to a different country for access to health services, is also increasing. Therefore, people need information in order to find solutions to their health problems. The aim of this study is to analyze the role of social networks in health tourism through Instagram. In order to access to the related shares to health tourism in Turkey “#healthtourismturkey” hashtag has been selected. All shares published with this hashtag in 2018 are included in the study. The total number of shares is 534. The results show that the share of health tourism in Instagram, which can be seen as a public relations and publicity tool, has increased in the second half -as of June/July- of 2018. The results also indicated that the most share in health tourism was made in the category of “medical tourism”, most of the share is about “dental health”, and the most share is made by “health tourism service providers-agencies” and “private clinics”.

Review of Medical Tourism in Turkey: A Study in Private Hospitals

Turkiye, saglik ve saglik turizmi cesitleriyle son yillarda hizli bir sekilde buyume gostermektedir. Turkiye, turizmden elde ettigi gelir seviyesini artirmak, daha fazla turist cekebilmek amaciyla turizme yatirimlar yaparken ayni zamanda turizmde cesitlendirme politikasi uygulamaktadir. Turizmin cesitlendirilmesinde en onemli turizm turunden birisini medikal turizm olusturmaktadir. Turkiye’nin, uzman hekimleri, tecrubeli saglik personeli, tibbi teknolojisi, hizmet kalitesi, misafirperverligi, alt ve ust yapi olanaklari ile medikal turizmde buyuk bir potansiyeli bulunmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci saglik turizmi cesitlerinden olan medikal turizmin Turkiye’deki mevcut durumunu incelemek, medikal turizmde sorunlarin olup olmadigini belirlemek ve oneriler gelistirmektir. Bu amac kapsaminda Turkiye genelinde 206 ozel hastane yoneticisiyle anket yontemi kullanilarak veri toplanmistir. Calisma kapsaminda hastanelerin bircogunda medikal turizm anlayisinin olustugu gorulmustur. Tanitim problemleri, olumsuz ulke imaji, Turkiye’de medikal turizmin gelisimine olumsuz etki eden unsurlar olarak belirlenirken; saglik mevzuati sorunlari, mali destek yetersizligi ve nitelikli personel sikintisi yoneticiler tarafindan sorun olarak belirlenmistir. Yapilan icerik analizi sonrasinda medikal turizmin gelisimi icin hastane yoneticileri tarafindan yapilan oneriler tanitimin yapilmasi, ortak ucret tarifesi olusturulmasi ve akreditasyona onem verilmesi konulari on plana cikmistir. Turkiye’nin medikal turizmde pazar payini artirabilmesi amaciyla yurt disinda tanitimi etkin ve aktif olarak yapmasi, yabanci dil bilen saglik personel sayisinin ve niteliginin artirilmasi, alt yapi olanaklarini gelistirmesi ve akreditasyona onem verilmesi gerekmektedir.

Rural tourism marketing: Lavender tourism in Turkey

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to comprehend rural tourism marketing through the visitors’ eyes and discuss its sustainability. What makes rural tourism marketing more sophisticated and complex is that it is a service marketing, associated with agricultural activities, natural conditions and rural areas, and the main providers have no experience in rural tourism or service marketing. The study investigated perception of visitors in a small village, Kuyucak, in the Southwest part of Turkey, where rural tourism based on lavender production has recently developed. Results of the analysis of 175 questionnaires completed by visitors online showed that more than half of the respondents had heard and got information about the village via social media. Although, the main purpose of their visit was stated as nature/rural experience and recreation/holiday, the primary motivation of the majority was taking and sharing photos via social media tools. Appearance of lavender and previous social media sharing are very important determinants in the decision-making and expectations of visitors. Results of the factor analysis showed that two components composed of the variables regarding pre-visit perception and the physical conditions of the village together explain sixty-five per cent of the overall satisfaction. The most important component in decision making of visitors was found their perception before visiting, which means that what they expected to see was more important than what they actually saw, which was represented by visitors’ satisfaction. Making visitors experience their pre-visit perception will contribute to the sustainability of rural tourism activities benefiting the area.

Development of Health Tourism in Turkey: SWOT Analysis of Antalya Province

Health tourism is one of the most important types of alternative tourism that provides sustainable tourism. When examining the coordination among current developments in health tourism in the world, technological innovations, and health tourism providers, it is clear to see that Turkey and Antalya have not yet reached the desired level. This study attempts to evaluate and explain the position of Antalya, which wants to attain a share in health tourism. In this context, a SWOT analysis of Antalya in the development of health tourism was carried out. Antalya is primarily a cheap destination, and this is a very attractive feature for foreign tourists. Health services in Antalya, doctors and other health care personnel, applied treatments, and technological devices are at a very high standard. Tourists who prefer autumn and spring seasons will solve the seasonality problem of Antalya especially during off-peak times. For this purpose, Antalya should additionally be promoted and marketed as a destination for health tourism. In this context, public and private sectors need to cooperate. Within the scope of the responses obtained from the participants, Antalya is required to conduct studies on being easily accessible and reliable for patients. Promotional information in brochures or posters should also be reviewed.

Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Based Automatic Determination of Travel Preferences of Chinese Tourists

Background and Objective: Tourism and travel sector continues to grow by gaining an important place in the world economy and many countries want to increase their share in this sector. At the same time, it is known that today's consumer tourism and travel purchase decisions are influenced by social media. By examining the data of consumers on social media, it is possible for businesses to reach the right person and get more efficiency from high-cost promotion activities. The study aims to analyze the historical data of users on TripAdvisor with artificial intelligence methods to reveal a profile of consumers who might prefer Turkey. Methods: In this context, TripAdvisor, which is one of the best-known websites in the tourism sector, is an important source of data for countries to increase their share in the tourism market. Inferences can be made by using artificial intelligence methods and the data in TripAdvisor together. In this study, as a case study, the potentials of Chinese tourists to prefer Turkey are dealt because Turkey has increased its tourism targets ten folds for China and the year 2018 was declared as “Turkey Tourism Year” in China. In this context, this study aims to determine the potentials of Chinese tourists to prefer Turkey, by processing travel data histories obtained from TripAdvisor with artificial intelligence methods. It is expected that the study will contribute to the tourism sector as well as the academic literature. The study used the travel data history of Chinese tourists taken from TripAdvisor. Significant travel histories were selected by the F-score method. Depending on the selected and all travel histories of users, their travel preferences (Turkey/France) were classified by artificial intelligence algorithms. The developed model was tested with performance criteria. Results: At the end of the study, it was ensured that the Chinese, who would prefer Turkey, were determined with an accuracy rate of 75.25% and sensitivity rate of 0.76. Conclusions: It was observed that it is possible to find the tourists who will prefer Turkey by using the developed system. In other words, the study revealed that the countries can reach the individual instead of masses in their promotional activities.

TÜRKİYE DE SAĞLIK TURİZMİNİN POTANSİYELİ VE GELECEĞİ: SWOT ANALİZİ

Health tourism is a tourism branch which is becoming increasingly important all over the world. This sector, which consists of many branches such as disabled tourism, elderly tourism and medical tourism, has a great customer potential. Thanks to the diversity of natural conditions necessary both in the field of health services offers, Turkey has become one of the leading countries for health tourism. Turkey’s potential in this sector, what is expected to reach in future and the goals which it can be reached are important topics of discussion. In this study, after health tourism in Turkey discussed and analyzed in a theoretical framework, with the help of SWOT analysis, strengths and weaknesses of health tourism, the opportunities and threats in Turkey, will attempt to demonstrate that what

HEALTH TOURISM EDUCATION: THE CASE OF TURKEY AND THE WORLD

The aim of this study is to investigate the university training programs that train professional manpower in the field of health tourism in Turkey and in the world. The study is descriptive and cross-sectional type. Data were collected from the web pages of the universities on February 1-25, 2018. The curriculum content of programs was investigated in terms of the credits of the courses, the process of the programs, the education fees, the language of education and the universities and institutions to which they are affiliated. There are five programs in the field of health tourism, with 3 masters without thesis and 2 masters with thesis. There is no doctoral program and also BSc program in Turkey. There are two programs that associate degree which is called as health tourism management. In the study, in total 12 country and 25 programs were examined. Three of them are doctoral, nine are masters, 11 are BSc degree and three are associate degree level. Considering that health tourism is one of the high value added of the sector in Turkey and the World it can be argued that the number of programs to train professional manpower in this sector is not sufficient.

A Qualitative Study to Determine Expectations of Students Studying at a Faculty of Tourism from Vocational English Course

The aim of the research is to determine the expectations of the students studying at Faculty of Tourism from the Vocational English course. Qualitative research method, phenomenological design and convenient sampling technique were used in the research. Study group included the students who study at two departments, Tourism Management and Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, at a Faculty of Tourism in Turkey and who take Vocational English course for the first time. The study group was determined purposefully in that the researcher would teach Vocational English to the students in 2017-2018 fall semester. The students who attended the course in the first week of the semester participated in the study voluntarily. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The findings of the study showed that the expectations of students from vocational English course clustered around four main themes as objectives, content, teaching-learning process and assessment.

Downsizing processes of hotel managements during 2016 Turkey tourism crisis

This paper examines the downsizing processes of hospitality managements in Turkey during 2016 Turkey tourism crisis. 11 hotels, including 5 from city hotels and 6 from coastal hotels, are included to the research because the main purpose of the research is to evaluate the downsizing practices of hospitality managements which is affected by the political crisis in Turkey directly and to provide a comparative whole-process-models. Therefore, both city and coastal hotels are interviewed to get comparative information because city and coastal hotels have totally different customer profile with different visiting reasons. As a result, two different model have been created and similarities and differences between these two types of hotels are discovered and explained. The research is the only one comparatively reviewing the downsizing proces as a whole including reasons, decisions and affects of downsizing.

Sustainable Development and Tourism in Turkey

Bu arastirmada, surdurulebilir kalkinma ve turizm arasindaki iliski ekonometrik analizler araciligiyla incelenmeye calisilmistir. Bu kapsamda, 1990 – 2015 yillari arasi donemde turizmin gostergesi olarak turizm gelirleri verileri, surdurulebilir kalkinmanin gostergesi olarak ise insani gelisme endeksi (hdi) degerleri toplanmis ve veri seti olusturulmustur. Arastirmada oncelikle zaman serilerinin duraganliklari sinanmistir. Ayni derecede duragan oldugu tespit edilen verilere Johansen Esbutunlesme Testi uygulanmis ancak esbutunlesme iliskisi tespit edilememistir. Analizin devaminda, seriler arasindaki kisa donem neden-sonuc iliskisinin belirlenmesi amaciyla VAR modeli kurularak Granger Nedensellik Analizi yapilmistir. Analiz sonucunda nedensellik iliskisi bulunamamistir. Bu dogrultuda oneriler gelistirilmistir

Platform coopetition in the tourism industry: conflicts and tensions caused by the closure of Booking.com in Turkey

ABSTRACTIn March 2017, as a result of a precautionary interim decision made by the courts based on the case relating to ‘unfair competition practices’, Booking.com closed its platform for inbound tourism in Turkey and ceased operations. This was the first instance of an online booking platform halting access for inbound bookings for the domestic market. This platform-based relationship involves both cooperation and competition, and thus this paper identifies this relationship as platform coopetition. Based on the governance network theory and employing a case-study approach, the Booking.com case is examined from the viewpoint of tourism coopetition from two perspectives: industry-wide and agent-specific. The paper provides an analysis of these perspectives and the past and on-going process of Booking.com’s platform closure. The constitutive dynamics this case endangers the coopetitive environment of the tourism industry and thus creates destructive uncertainties, especially for small hotels. This analysis also reveals the issues in terms of political representation for digital service platform companies.

Bone Marrow Transplantation and Medical Tourism at Erciyes University - A Single Center Experience

Medical tourism emerged when people were challenged with high costs and slow service in medical care. As a consequence of these issues, people started to look for medical treatment in other countries. Globalization accelerated the growth of medical tourism. Several “push” and “pull” factors play roles in the motivation of patients to become a medical tourist. This review addresses the different aspects of medical tourism in general, describes the development of medical tourism in Turkey, and describes experiences with medical tourism in the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center (BMTC) at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. Since January 2016, an international collaboration has existed between BMTC and the King Hamed University Hospital (KHUH) in Bahrain. Ten allogeneic stem cell transplantations (SCTs) have been performed on patients from Bahrain with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), Hodgkin lymphoma, and myelofibrosis. Furthermore, ten autologous SCT have been conducted on patients from Bahrain with multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In 2016, transplant-related mortality (TRM) at 100 days among Bahrain patients was 0% compared to 2.6% in all patients. Although these numbers are small, the first results show that the outcomes of international patients are similar to those of non-international patients. In our experience, the key to a successful collaboration between international hospitals is having close communication regarding the treatment of the international patient. The outcome of a large group of international compared with non-international patients should be further studied.