Tourism In Tanzania Research Articles

タンザニアにおけるコミュニティ・ツーリズムを通じた観光開発の影響 : 地域住民にとっての発展の実相と今後の課題

タンザニアにおけるコミュニティ・ツーリズムを通じた観光開発の影響 : 地域住民にとっての発展の実相と今後の課題

The Impact of Tourism in Tanzania on Community Development: Theoretical Perspectives

The paper aimed to present atheoretical review of The Impact of Tourism in Tanzania on Community Development with a specific debate on how tourism may relate positively or negatively to socio-economic development. The pro-poor theory, social justice theory and collective action tourism theory were reviewed so as to relate them to the study of Arusha Region.The study used a theoretical review approach in which Community Based Tourism theory (CBT) was highlighted within its contribution towards participation together with other relevant theoretical perspectives. From the literature and related studies, it was evident that the government of Tanzania through the Ministry of Tourism and Natural Resources has policies which do not adequately mainstream local community participation; various studies across the world and sub-Saharan Africa have shown weak relationship between tourism and community development. Since Tanzania as a country is not exempt is recommended to study this phenomenon empirically in order to enhance the relationship.

Residents’ attitudes on the contribution of cultural tourism in Tanzania

ABSTRACTThis study aimed at evaluating residents’ attitudes towards the contribution of cultural tourism to the social welfare of the local rural residents participating in cultural tourism activities by factoring gender and level of education as possible differentiating factors in residents’ attitudes. Based on survey of local people in northern part of Tanzania, a questionnaire was administered that yielded data that were subjected to a series of t-tests. The results indicate residents to have both positive and negative attitudes towards the contribution of cultural tourism. Gender differences are noted to relate with cultural tourism participation and attitudes towards the contribution of cultural tourism. Females benefit more from cultural tourism than males in economic terms. Having education raises the chances of locals having a more positive attitude towards cultural tourism. From the results, implications to facilitators in cultural tourism to further aid tourism contribution to the locals are derived.

Possibilities and Limits of Sustainable Local Development and Contribution through Community-Based Tourism in Tanzania

Possibilities and Limits of Sustainable Local Development and Contribution through Community-Based Tourism in Tanzania

Cultural community-based tourism in Tanzania: Lessons learned and way forward

Cultural tourism programmes (CTPs) provide opportunities for rural communities to supplement their income. While these programmes are intended to empower local people and reduce poverty, the mechanisms used for choosing the targeted ‘communities' remain largely unexamined. This paper analyses the planning, structure and implementation of CTPs as a form of community-based tourism in selected areas in Tanzania. Data were collected from two CTP groups (10 people in total) and five government officials at the national level using in-depth interviews. Analysis was carried out using NVIVO for theme generation. Major themes derived include lack of clear description of who constitutes CTPs and that existing CTPs differ greatly in terms of structure, size, development level and resource capacity, and many lack clear benefit-sharing mechanisms. There is a need for the government to continue supporting these initiatives at all levels, to nurture newly created CTPs and to provide continual technical support for the existing ones.

Tourism and the Target of the Convention on Biological Diversity: Community Acceptance for Involvement —A Case Study of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania

There is a growing demand of Biological diversities uses in the world as a global asset of tremendous value to the present and future generations. This demand has raised threats to species and ecosystems existences. The Convention for the Biodiversity forum for Aichi Biodiversity identified about 5 strategies and 20 targets for the conservation of the biodiversity of the protected areas. The Community Based Diversity is the main goals that promoted by the Aichi targets as to protect biodiversity; to use biodiversity without destroying it; and, to share any benefits from genetic diversity equally. Tourism in Tanzania is basically based on biological diversity for about 69% in protected areas in Mainland and 31% at beaches in Zanzibar. All those biological diversities needs clear programs for the conservation and protection of flora, fauna and the environment to facilitate jobs and wealth creation for the indigenous population who often pay a cost in lost land usage for conservation and tourism. The Ngorongoro Conservation area with its uniqueness has about 87,851 people living within and a growing tourism population of about 647,733 visitors by the year 2013, and highly diversity of wildlife respectively. Community in the Ngorongoro counts tourism as an alternative activity that supports their livelihood. For the purposes of this study a survey of 100 local Maasai and oral interviews of 60 employees of the NCA’s and Pastoral Council (PC), examines whether tourism revenue sharing to the Maasai communities within the area has a positive support impact on conservation of biological diversity of the area as stipulated in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). I found that members of the Maasai community within the area of Ngorongoro are benefiting from Tourism and support the conservation strategies of the Authority positively. Nevertheless the benefits to communities within the protected areas like the Ngorongoro should properly structured as may reduce the natural resources existence basing on the nature and its driving forces that accelerate the population increases within and around the protected areas.

Testing a model of destination attachment - insights from tourism in Tanzania

Purpose – Transforming experiences is in this paper approached as a destination choice process for adventure tourists. This study seeks to explain conditions that support place identity and place dependence development in Tanzania. The study proposes a testable destination choice model of international visitors to Tanzania. Design/Methodology/Approach – The proposed order of the model is that perceived constraints and satisfaction depend on expectation and travel motivation and that these two may further predict place identity and place dependence. These measures capture our research questions. Visiting tourists to Tanzania were confronted at airport. During August and September of 2010, 700 filled questionnaires were gathered and 504 was usable for further analysis. Final questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and SEM (AMOS). Main results – The findings support that tourism policymakers and other stakeholders may consider tourists’ behaviors, such as expectations, motivations, perceived constraints and satisfaction with place identity, to be related to destination attachment. Originality of the research – The paper strengthens several theoretical arguments. First, indicating the amalgamation of different tourists’ behaviors formed in a path-dependent order. One stage is planning the travel, another is during their stay and finally when building their attachment. Furthermore, attachment relate to future choices.

Wildlife-Based Domestic Tourism In Tanzania: Experiences From Northern Tourist Circuit

It is believed that for tourism industry to become successful, domestic, and international tourism should complement each other. But domestic tourism in many developing countries is nearly non-existent, with local residents mainly visiting friends and relatives. The study to examine characteristics and factors affecting domestic tourism was carried out in northern Tanzania tourist circuit. Specifically the study sought to determine the characteristics of Tanzanians who mostly visit the protected areas; to identify and assess factors affecting domestic tourism; and different factors that hinder growth of domestic tourism. A sample of 322 respondents was interviewed. Primary data was collected through questionnaires, focus group discussions, informal discussion; and secondary data was obtained from tourists visiting reports, and statistics. Data was analysed for descriptive statistics. The results obtained revealed that: More men visited wildlife protected areas than women. The age group of 26 – 37 was the most active group in visiting protected areas. Low financial income was indicated as the main constraint (77.0%) affecting the growth of domestic tourism, followed by means of communication and inadequate information (71.8%). It is recommended that, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism need more plans, efforts, and combination of approaches in promoting and marketing domestic tourism.Key words: Domestic tourism, local communities, northern circuit, Tanzania, wildlife protected areas

The economic potential of tourism in Tanzania

AbstractFor sub‐Saharan African countries with few evident opportunities to diversify export earnings away from primary commodities, tourism has emerged as an option to contribute to economic growth. This study uses input–output analysis to estimate the economic impact of tourism and assesses its potential contribution for the Tanzanian economy. The results show that tourism has a significant impact on output and incomes, especially taking into account the strong inter‐sector linkage effects, although this has not been translated into corresponding employment gains. The tourism sector also contributes to tax revenue and foreign exchange earnings. Overall, tourism is shown to make a significant economic contribution. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A history and market analysis of tourism in Tanzania

Tanzania contains some of the world's greatest natural wonders. Following major reforms in its foreign tourism policies in the mid-1980s, tourism has increased to become the nation's second leading foreign exchange earner. Tanzania is a less developed nation than its East African neighbours, and seeks to offer a low-density, high-quality, and high-priced tourism experience. Numerous deficiencies, however, are present in its tourism product. A lack of infrastructure, trained staff, and legal and regulatory framework offer severe challenges for the delivery of world-class service quality. In addition to a lack of marketing and promotion, the tourism industry has failed to diversify into areas beyond wildlife, such as culture and beach tourism. Consequently, most visitors treat Tanzania as an add-on to their Kenyan safari. Tanzania however, is moving towards developing the infrastructure necessary to occupy its market niche. With careful planning and management, Tanzania has the tremendous potential to develop a diverse and sustainable tourism industry.

Hospitality Education in Tanzania: Is There a Need to Develop Environmental Awareness?

Tanzania is well placed to offer tourists a unique experience centred on wildlife, unique landforms and a rich culture centred on the island of Zanzibar. This potential is recognised by the current Tanzanian government which is actively encouraging tourism development. Some of the responsibility for maintaining the balance between conservation of the nation's natural assets and profit must fall, ultimately, on the educators of future hospitality and tourism managers. After reviewing tourism development in Tanzania, this article discusses the operation of one of the few hospitality educators in the important Northern Wildlife Area of the country and highlights current attitudes regarding environmental awareness held by staff and students. The results suggest a lack of environmental awareness by members of staff, resulting in the absence of such issues in the curriculum. As a consequence, graduates complete their qualification with short term attitudes to tourism and are therefore unaware of the importance of protecting their country's environment. The article concludes with several suggestions as to how hospitality and tourism educators in developed nations could become involved with the direction of tourism in Tanzania.

Tourism development in Tanzania

The development of tourism in Tanzania up to the mid-1970s is assessed from the viewpoint of its economic consequences and whether it was compatible with socialist development in an underdeveloped country. The shift from regional to international tourism involved an expansion of investment and foreign exchange earnings, mainly through a program of state sector operations, domestically financed. However, government investments were met by accumulating losses and the increase in revenues by a declining terms of trade. The limitations of a high cost international tourism that excluded domestic tourism, and precluded foreign investment are shown. It is questioned whether the expansion of tourism in Tanzania was too extensive in the circumstances.

Tanzania's Tourism Development. William Scholz. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, May 1976, pp. 87-91. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. $3

Tanzania's Tourism Development. William Scholz. The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, May 1976, pp. 87-91. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853. $3

Tanzania's Tourism Development

Tanzania's Tourism Development