Nature Tourism Park Research Articles

FENOMENA PENGELOLAAN ATRAKSI WISATA SWAFOTO DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI MASYARAKAT DI DESA WANAGIRI KECAMATAN SUKASADA KABUPATEN BULELENG

The increase in number of tourists dominated by millenials that always wants to get attention on Instagram (instagrammable) or other social media, such as facebook, whatsapp, line, and twitter giving opportunities to community of Wanagiri Village for developing selfie tourism. Along with their creativity, community of Wanagiri Village carried out selfie tourism around Nature Tourism Park of Lake Buyan and Tamblingan, which increased disharmony between local people (in this case represented by desa adat) with local government. This research was conducted based on qualitative research with descriptive model, which the purposes are: 1) Knowing the development of selfie tourism in Wanagiri Village; 2) Examining the implementation of policies for selfie tourism in Wanagiri Village; 3) Knowing the implications of selfie tourism for local people in Wanagiri Village. The results showed three main things. First, selfie tourism in Wanagiri Village creates relation pattern between the desa adat Wanagiri, Bali Natural Resources Conservation Center, Buleleng Regency Tourism Office, and the investors. The relation pattern forms synergy that occurs between all of them through the beliefs and all parties to regulation, as happened in Balinese concept "Sagilik Saguluk Salunglung Sabayantaka". Second, there are job diversification. Last, public awareness of nature conservation can be maintained.
 Keywords: Selfie tourism, Wanagiri Village, Development policy

Preferential Habitat of Orange Footed Scrubfowl (Megapodius reindwardt) at Nature Tourism Park of Mount Tunak, Lombok Tengah Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province

Orange Footed Scrubfowl (Megapodius reindwart Dumont 1823) is classified as protected bird based on the Preservation of Plant and Animal Species of Ministry of Enviromental and Forestry Decree No. 92/2018. As a natural park, TWA of Gunung Tunak serves as a natural conservation area (NCA) which has a basic function as a conservation area designated as a recreation area and nature tourism. Associated with its function then TWA of Gunung Tunak has an important role in supporting the conservation of wild animals especially Orange Footed Scrubfowl and the implementation of recreational activities and natural tourism in a sustainable manner. The objectives of this study were to analysis the preferential habitats of Orange Footed Scrubfowl. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis of stepwise method, it can be known that dominant factors to the frequency of presence of Orange Footed Scrubfowl in a selected habitat are the number of predators, the distance from water source, soil texture, and altitude of place with the equation Y = 3.390.96 + 2.28X11 + 0.00084X5 - 0.0117X10 - 0.0034X3. Based on the results of preference index analysis with Neu method, it can be seen that the preferred area of Orange Footed Scrubfowl is only in Block I (w ≥ 1) namely the forest area near Teluk Ujung Coast. Based on the place altitude, the existence of the mound of nest from the sea surface, the Orange Footed Scrubfowl prefer the area at an altitude of 0-25 m above sea level. Keywords: Megapodius reindwart, Nature Tourism Park of Mount Tunak, orange footed scrubfowl, preferential habitat

“Because We Don’t Want to Run in Smog”: Problems with the Sustainable Management of Sport Event Tourism in Protected Areas (A Case Study of National Parks in Poland and Slovakia)

The practice of active and qualified tourism in national parks in Poland and Slovakia has longstanding traditions. Primarily, these parks have been a place of individual recreational activity, as well as a place to educate and convene with nature. Recently, sport tourism, which is characterized by the participation of tourists in mass organized sporting events mainly of a competitive nature, has been gaining more popularity. Even though this activity takes place in protected areas, sports are the main priority, rather than educational goals. Natural values have the primary function of enriching emotional experiences, and exploring wildlife is not an end in itself. Running events are now at the head of the list as the most popular sporting events in Poland and in Slovakia. The authors of the article focused on protected areas in Poland and Slovakia, largely because these countries were considering organizing one of the world’s biggest sports events together: The Winter Olympic Games (2022). The purpose of the study was to recognize the attitude of Polish and Slovak national park authorities toward the organization of mass sports events in protected areas. A diagnostic survey was conducted using the method of interviews with the directors of Polish and Slovak national parks. The research results shed light on the current state of development of sports event tourism in protected areas in the two countries. The article examines the response of Polish and Slovak park authorities to the changes of the current era of shifting societal needs regarding physical development, in particular with regard to the sustainability of protected areas. Currently, there is a lack of a strategic approach toward the development of sports tourism in national parks in Poland and Slovakia. The answers given in the interviews create an image that indicates a differentiated approach to the issue of permitting the organization of sports events in the areas of national parks. It turns out that the practice in these areas is different in individual parks. The diagnosis presented in the article indicates that it is necessary to undertake interdisciplinary and international research among environmentalists, economists, sociologists, anthropologists, and physical culture specialists in order to develop methods for measuring the impact of sporting events organized in natural areas in this part of Europe.

EKOLOGI TEMPAT TUMBUH SARANG SEMUT PADA TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG MEJA MANOKWARI

The ant-plant Sarang Semut is one of the medicinal antimicrobial plants that is very beneficial to human health. As such the plant has widely been exploited in their natural habitat. The silviculture of this plant is not available due to limited knowledge about the existence in nature. Therefore, it is imperative to undertake the ecological study on the growth site of this plant in nature to collect the basic information for the culture and cultivation of this plant. The method used in this research was the descriptive method with the survey technique in Gunung Meja Nature Tourism Park, Manokwari. The research showed that one species of ant-plant was found namely Myrmecodia cf. schlechteri Valeton. The plant is epifit to selective host plants such as Garcinia picrorrhiza, Sterculia macrophylla, Intsia bijuga, Pometia coreacea, and Antiaris toxicaria. The ideal growth zone of this plant is in Zone 2 and 3.

Modeling recreation demand and fees at national parks

The paper develops a model to estimate the effect of entry fees on U.S. national parks visits. Monte Carlo analysis demonstrates that a Poisson-estimated exponential model is preferable to a log-linear model of tourist arrivals. We apply the model to panel data of U.S. national parks tourism to estimate the effect of fees on annual visitation. The results provide evidence that visits to U.S. national parks are inelastic with respect to fees. We use the model to predict the effects of two proposed fee revisions.

Interpretasi Objek Wisata di Taman Wisata Alam Cani Sirenreng, Kabupaten Bone

Cani Sirenreng Nature Tourism Park is located in the Bone Regency which is under managed of Bureau Agency of the Conservation of The Natural Resources of South Sulawesi. This research aims to develop materials for the purposes of the interpretation of natural attractions in Cani Sirenreng Nature Tourism Park. The tourism object of Cani Sirenreng Nature Tourism Park was studied based on block utilization. The tourism object interpreted are physical, biological (flora and fauna) and social-cultural around the park. The first track was the track to Baruttunge Waterfall which became the main object with a height of 70 m waterfall, which is formed on the three levels of waterfalls. The second track was the track to Coppo Cempa which featuring rows of hills and panoramic sunrise or sunset. In the track of Coppo Cempa, there were 27 species of birds found here including Sulawesi Serpent Eagle and Rofous Wingged Buzzard which were protected under the regulation. Direct interaction with the community around and viewing direct harvesting of nira of sugar palm can also be done in this track. This information can be used as the interpretation material to visitors coming to Cani Sirenreng Nature Tourism ParkKey words: Nature Tourism Park; potential of nature tourism; track (interpretation) tourism.

Tourism versus nature conservation: reconciliation of common interests and objectives — an analysis through Picos de Europa National Park

Nature tourism and particularly tourism in national parks have acquired significant importance in contemporary societies. Post-Fordist consumers have reevaluated the meanings of ‘nature’ and ‘natural spaces’ and now avoid standardization to seek singularity. Tourism in national parks is a consequence of this tendency and has both positive and negative aspects. The purpose of this sociological research is to describe the most relevant conflicts in the Picos de Europa National Park (Spain) involving the park’s conservation, local economic development, and tourism. Seven in-depth interviews and three focus groups were addressed to key local stakeholders. In this research were identified three chief areas of existing or potential inter-related conflicts and the main actors interacting with them. The first is on population, particularly, the negative consequences of depopulations on the local socio-economic development and the environment. A second source of conflicts identified is caused by the difficult conciliation between commercial exploitation and conservation of the protected natural area. More precisely, this specific form of tourism positively contributes to the economy of local communities whilst problems can arise for the conservation goals of National Parks. Thirdly, in this research is also analyzed the institutional governance and the inter and intra-governmental conflicts as well as with the Park’s management body. These findings provide important information for the improved management of tourism and conflicting interests in natural parks.

The Influence of Fire on Biomass Weight of Herbs in Lowland and Highland

The objectives of this study were to determine the differences of biomass in burning and non-burning sites in upland and lowland areas, to know the types of non-burning plants in burning locations, and to classify fast burning plants in burning sites. The study was done in Baluran National Park representing lowland and Ijen Crater Natural Tourism Park representing highland. The size of the plot is 1×1 m2, and the repeated measures are four replications. The conclusions are that fire in lowland savanna decreased herb biomass, Tectona grandis Linn.f forest fire slightly decreased herb biomass, and fire in highland savanna increased herb soil biomass.

Demarketing an iconic national park experience: Receptiveness of past, current and potential visitors to selected strategies

Tourism in national parks is essentially about providing memorable nature-based experiences for visitors. However, often there are limits to the numbers of people that can enjoy an iconic experience at a given site in a national park. Summiting a mountain has the propensity to provide an iconic experience for visitors but can be accompanied by management issues, including visitor safety, environmental impacts and even cultural sensitivities. While there are a range of possible management interventions, one approach is to actively demarket the experience. Published studies on the demarketing of national parks to date have primarily been conceptual, with limited empirical research exploring stakeholders’ perceptions of available strategies and virtually no research on visitor perceptions. This manuscript assesses the receptiveness of past, current and potential visitors to demarketing an iconic experience, specifically summiting Wollumbin - Mount Warning, Australia. Findings from an on-site survey of visitors (n = 794) and an on-line survey of past, current and potential visitors (n = 990) revealed some potential for the use of access fees to demarket the summit experience. While there was also some support for additional experiences to complement the summit option, current visitors noted they were still likely to climb the peak. Higher levels of receptiveness to modified and alternative experiences were apparent among past and potential visitors. To reduce numbers on the summit of Wollumbin – Mount Warning, demarketing needs to be used with a suite of other management strategies. This manuscript's successful application of the marketing mix framework for inventorying demarketing strategies can serve as a model for other park contexts. Future research should extent the work to other contexts and to an exploration of the perceived benefits and costs of a wider range of demarketing strategies. Management implications•Better understanding and control of the media and messages communicated about particular park experiences pre-visit•Use of pricing together with modified experience options to demarket experiences to current visitors•Development, testing and promotion of alternative experiences to demarket visitor experiences to potential visitors•Stakeholder consultation that prioritizes Indigenous cultural values•Demarketing that is grounded in and aimed at facilitating sustainable visitor management

Outdoor recreation in a Taiwanese national park: A Hakka ethnic group study

The purpose of this study was to explore factors of values, perceptions of crowding and service quality affecting Hakka people's behavioral intentions in the Toroko National Park in Taiwan. The Hakka ethnic group is a cultural group in Taiwan, composed of 14% of Taiwan population. In 2007–2008, the visitors to Taroko National Park, one of the most visited national parks on the eastern coast of Taiwan, were surveyed on-site. Overall, 315 usable questionnaires were obtained from the Taiwanese Hakka informants. The results showed that combined effects of values, crowding and service quality predicted behavioral intentions, and the model R-squares reached 0.73. In particular, the results revealed values were more important than crowding and service quality in predicting Taiwanese Hakka visitors’ behavioral intentions. The results indicated that values are an appropriate approach for modeling outdoor recreation and tourism behavior. The finding implications for outdoor recreation and tourism management were also provided. Management implicationsThe study provides findings for management of outdoor recreation and tourism in national parks:•Employing more Hakka language spoken staff in the national park for Hakka visitors to make comments and feedbacks, would improve Hakkas’ management service quality.•Providing a sense of “solitude” recreation opportunity such as using total visitation capacity control is critical to Hakka people's national park outdoor recreation experience.•Park managers not only need to understand visitors’ perception of service quality and crowding, but also need to know visitors’ values such as Taiwanese Hakka group's values.•The achievement values such as self-fulfillment, sense of accomplishment positively affect Hakka visitors’ behavioral intentions to national park.•Building cheerful, joyful or challenging atmosphere is important on Hakka visitors’ positive behavioral intentions to national park.

Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia

Lelloltery H, Pudyatmoko S, Fandelli C, Baiquni M. 2018. Study of coral reef for marine ecotourism development based on region suitability and carrying capacity in Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1089-1096. The objectives of the research were to identify the potential of marine natural resources as the object and attraction of marine ecotourism, and to compile the development plan at Marsegu Island Nature Tourism Park (NTP) based on the Tourism Suitability Index (TSI) and carrying capacity. Data collection included coral reef and fish type using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. Data were analyzed using the tourism suitability index and analysis of physical carrying capacity of the area. The results showed the potential of marine resources covering the coral reefs including 45 species within 23 genera from 14 families with 12 coral lifeforms. A high diversity of reef fish was found, documenting 129 species of fish within 60 genera from 22 families. The analysis result of the tourism suitability index (TSI) in the snorkeling category was 74.79% with a carrying capacity of 4,092 person(s)/day and the TSI of diving was 67.32% with a physical carrying capacity of 1,855 person(s)/day. The analysis showed that the area around Marsegu Island NTP is "suitable" for ecotourism activities and does not exceed the carrying capacity of the area. The strategy for marine ecotourism management needs to be completed, including elements such as determining the number of tourists that can be supported per day (based on limiting the number of divers/snorkelers per day), implementing boat moorings so coral is not damaged by anchors, making sure tourism operators brief divers/snorkelers not to touch, stand on or break the coral, and ensuring the tour operator is the organization responsible for the continuous monitoring of marine ecotourism activities and protection of dive sites.

Factors Affecting the Number of Visitors in National Parks in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria

In the context of national-level strategies, the importance of tourism in national parks is on the rise. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of visitors to national parks and five variables: area, number of employees, budget, average employee salary and number of researchers in 12 national parks in the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria. Analysis of factors influencing the number of visitors to national parks uses the method of retrospective analysis of the data contained in internal documents and questionnaires among managers of national parks. The number of candidate predictors is relatively high when compared with the number of observations. Due to this fact, the Gilmour method for statistical analysis is used. Statistical results represented by the parameter β2 for number of employees is −33,016 (95% CI, −50,592–−15,441) and by the parameter β3 for budget is 0.586 (95% CI, 0.295–0.878), showing that the number of visitors increases with budget, while it decreases with the number of employees. The results of this study are a useful starting point for managers in their efforts to focus on developing key areas in an appropriate way. In conclusion, results show that increasing the economic benefits accruing from national parks regional policy could aim at a qualitative upgrading of tourist services, increased marketing of the unique national park label and the promotion of a diverse regional supply base.

Community Participation in the Management of Sorong Nature Tourism Park, Sorong City

This research aimed to identify the participation level of communities in the management program of Sorong Nature Tourism Park (NTP) and to provide alternative recommendations that can be used to support the success of the management program based on community participation. The results of the research showed that community participation in the management of Sorong NTP had the highest values in the household group (15 respondents or 40,54%) and the lowest was group leader (1 respondent or 2,70%), similar with the intensity of community participation. Community participation in Sorong NTP includes group leaders, interest group, head of household, women/housewives and youth. The participation level was categorized into very inactive and inactive, influenced by community participation function which generally occurred inthe form of implementing activity and intensity of participation of society element in the form of providing consultation and information. Management efforts include seeking legal aspects of the area to be the basis of management programs, seeking the payment of customary rights to ensure the existence of claims-related areas of the community, involving communities in planning, maintenance, management, decision-making, initiating action and control programs, and increasing the frequency of socialization and counseling to provide insight into the community about the economic means and the ecological meaning of the results of management program.

Study Amendment of Post-Field Classification of Illegal Gold in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province

Illegal mining activities in the kolaka regency of Southeast Sulawesi province is one of the mines whose location is in the conservation area of nature tourism park. Mining by means of dredging with an average depth of up to 15 meters and indiscriminate stockpiling after mining, using mercury chemicals (hg) so make the land damaged and unproductive, changes in the landscape and damage the physical properties of the soil that makes the soil pH becomes sour, so as to make soil quality low, dust texture increased and soil compaction that makes soil chemistry decreased, so can not support the growth of plants around the mine, the occurrence of heavy erosion and loss of top soil. the mining area reaches 50 hectares which damages the soil quality and removes vegetation around the area.

Measuring park visitation vulnerability to climate extremes in U.S. Rockies National Parks tourism

ABSTRACTChanges in temperature and precipitation can affect tourist experiences. This study examines how summer park visitation has changed in response to temperature and precipitation extremes. The study goals were two-fold. The first is to introduce a framework and the second is to test it in a pilot region with four mountainous National Parks. The framework is designed to compare the vulnerability of seasonal park visitation to shifts in a combined indicator of temperature and precipitation. It uniquely considers needed measurements, and the data required to conduct an analysis. The second goal is to test it in four destinations in the U.S. Northern Rockies, including Glacier, Yellowstone, Grand Teton, and Rocky Mountain National Parks. The preliminary test reveals outlier cases of visitation under wet and dry extremes. The analysis connects time series climate and visitation data for the peak summer season from 1991–2012. Outlier analysis illustrates more change in extremely dry conditions, with four out of the six dry-year outliers resulting in a visitation decline. Whether this decline in park tourism is attributable to climate features, economic factors, or conscious management decisions, these drops have significant economic impacts: estimates of changes in visitor spending during dry years are between roughly 9 and 90 million USD. These differences may be connected to the popular activities in each park, and the extent they are dependent on weather conditions. This framework can be used to test the relationship between climate and tourism visitation in other regions, in various seasons and time frames. The work may inform the tourist sector in adjusting and planning for a range of conditions. We discuss opportunities and conclude with additional needs for understanding the mechanisms behind risk in mountain park tourism under climate extremes.

Applying public participation GIS (PPGIS) to inform and manage visitor conflict along multi-use trails

ABSTRACTManaging visitor conflict is an important task in protected areas. This study used public participation GIS (PPGIS) mapping and a visitor survey to research conflicts between mountain bikers and horse riders, and other groups frequenting trails for tourism and recreation in national parks in northern Sydney (Australia). The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PPGIS for determining conflict locations, and to integrate stated reasons and conflict resolution measures in a model. The survey showed that 42% of mountain bikers and 69% of horse riders had experienced conflicts, with each other, motorbike riders, walkers/hikers and dog walkers. PPGIS effectively mapped concurrent usage intensity to predict potential conflict locations over a reasonably large study area thereby identifying trails of the greatest concern. PPGIS also offered high-quality GIS visualisation options, and the novelty of the PPGIS increased participant engagement. We evaluated PPGIS compared to questionnaire-based surveying, direct visitor observations, GPS tracking, traffic counters and cameras. Because visitor conflict occurs within a spatial context, conflict management will require greater spatial knowledge of visitor activity, which can be obtained through the innovative PPGIS mapping. A conflict model is presented that integrates this study's empirical findings on conflict reasons and resolutions with existing conflict theory.

MOTIVASI DAN PERSEPSI WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA BERWISATA ALAM TREKKING MOUNTAIN DI TAMAN WISATA ALAM GUNUNG BATUR BUKIT PAYANG

Trekking mountain as one of foreign tourism activities in Mount Batur became more popular now days. The beauty of the sunrise from the top of the mountain become an attraction for foreign tourists to conduct trekking mountain in the Natural Tourism Park of Mount Batur Hill Payang. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the motivation and perception of foreign tourists to do trekking mountain in the Natural Tourism Park of Mount Batur Hill Payang. This study using purposive sampling by distributing questionnaires to 150 foreign tourists as respondents. Some techniques were used such as: observation, interview, questionnaire, literature, and documentation. And for data analysis used qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study showed that motivation of push factor affects tourists do trekking in Mount Batur are to see the sights at the top of the mountain in order to feel relaxed, to get a different atmosphere, and doing something new and different. While the motivation of pull factor that attracts tourists for trekking mountain Batur are the stunning natural environment, the presence of wildlife, as well as the atmosphere and climate of Mount Batur. Perception rating indicates that the services provided by trekking guide has been very good, but the rating was less about the cleanliness of the toilets and track trekking in the Natural Tourism Park of Mount Batur Hill Payang.

Remaking Tourism Carrying Capacity Frameworks for Geoparks

The concept of geopark was first officially proposed by UNESCO in 1999. Since then, there is an increasing interest in how the management purpose of geoparks can be fulfilled. However, no tailor-made management framework for geoparks is available so far. Six existing tourism carrying capacity (TCC) frameworks for national parks, i.e. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP), Visitor Activity Management Process (VAMP), and Tourism Optimization Management Model (TOMM) are reviewed. It is found that they are all developed to manage national parks in an environmentally sustainable way, but they commonly failed to equally address the interests of all stakeholders which makes the direct application of these framework in geoparks inappropriate. The concept of tourism carrying capacity provides benefits in terms of raising awareness on sustainable tourism in national parks and the six traditional tourism carrying capacity frameworks are imperative to be modified for use in geoparks. Therefore we proposed a modified tourism carrying capacity concept for use in geoparks and remodeled 3existing tourism carrying capacity frameworks for the sustainable tourism management in geoparks.

Hybrid SWOT - ANP - FANP model for prioritization strategies of sustainable development of ecotourism in National Park Djerdap, Serbia

The paper presents the results of the research for prioritization strategies of sustainable development of ecotourism in National Park Djerdap (NPDJ), Serbia. Ecotourism as a possible type of tourism in national parks is observed through SWOT situation analysis of NPDJ, Serbia. Based on the results presented in the TOWS matrix - possible SO, WO, ST and WT strategies, which enable sustainable development of ecotourism in the national park, were defined. Using multi-criteria Analytical Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) the prioritization defined strategy was determined. It allows sustainable development of ecotourism in NPDJ, Serbia, through the promotion of EU standards for the NPDJ involvement of academic institutions and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). By applying the defined prioritization of certain strategies, there is a possibility of a continuous increase of NPDJ performances which would contribute to the sustainability of the defined ecotourism concept.

APPLICATION OF A'WOT METHOD IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN A NATIONAL PARK

Sustainable tourism in national parks needs long term management such as strategic management. In this type of management, strategic factors should be determined to formulate strategies properly. A'WOT method (a combination of SWOT and AHP) was used in which SWOT applied for analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of management system of sustainable tourism in Golestan National Park, Iran. AHP as an analytical method was applied to prioritize strategic factors. The results show that 25 strategic factors (internal and external factors) were determined in which the highest priorities are the members of strengths and opportunities groups. This indicates the importance of such factors in formulation or review of strategies. In the next step and after determination and prioritization of internal and external factors, new strategies can be set out. In addition, samples of new strategies, and an applied framework for sustainable tourism management in the study area are proposed. The application of such method can be considered as a useful method in strategic management and planning of sustainable tourism in Iranian national parks, because it is a simple method and prevents misjudgments.