Fair Tourism Research Articles

Design of strategies to position the tourist attractions of the parish of Cacha, canton Riobamba

The Cacha parish, located in Riobamba, Ecuador, has great tourism potential that has not yet been exploited. The objective of this study is to design positioning strategies for its tourist attractions through the implementation of effective branding. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used for the research. A survey of 383 inhabitants of Riobamba was conducted to analyze tourism knowledge and preferences. Data were collected through documentary and field methods, including surveys, interviews and observation. The findings revealed that 67.1% of the respondents were unaware of Cacha's tourist attractions and 76% had not seen related publicity. However, 93% expressed willingness to visit. The conclusion is that the lack of knowledge and effective promotion are the main obstacles to tourism development in Cacha. For which strategies are proposed such as: creation of brand identity, development of promotional materials, implementation of advertising campaigns in local and digital media to increase the visibility of Cacha as a tourist destination, participation in tourism fairs and events. The implementation of these branding strategies will contribute to effectively position Cacha as an attractive tourist destination, increasing the number of visitors and generating economic benefits for the local community.

Highlighting The Cultural Richness of a Historical City With Cultural Routes: The Case of Erzurum City

The study aims to classify various tourist attractions in the culturally rich city of Erzurum, creating cultural tourism routes with both tangible and intangible values. Within this scope, areas with high cultural value were identified, and 7 tourism classifications were made (Sports Tourism, Gastronomy Tourism, Art Tourism, Festival Tourism, Scientific Tourism, Fair Tourism, Religious and Holiday Tourism), and a cultural route was created for each class. Cultural routes based on tourism classifications were examined, taking into account their locations, route lengths, and usage durations. Seven different cultural route proposals were mapped and presented. Based on the obtained data, the longest routes were 24.7 km for Religious and Holiday Tourism route (including tombs, madrasahs, mosques, etc.), 23 km for Sports Tourism Route (including winter tourism areas, etc.) and Art Tourism Route (including cultural centers, museums, squares, etc.). The study aims to contribute to a better understanding of the city's history and culture by tourists through different routes. These routes will support cultural sustainability and contribute to sustainable development goals. Considering visitor satisfaction and public participation, the cultural routes established in this study can serve as a guide for future projects.

“Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia”

“Technology Application in Tourism Fairs, Festivals and Events in Asia”

Coupling development of sports industry and tourism industry based on internet of things.

This study investigates the positive coupling between the sports industry and tourism, exploring the ways to promote their interconnection. Under state guidance, the integration of sports industry services is facilitated to attract sports culture and tourism fairs, leveraging regional economic development advantages to enhance the industrial market appeal. The emerging leisure consumption mode of sports tourism injects vitality into the economy, fostering the core sports service industry. The coupling of the education and tourism sectors is strategically aligned with long-term national policies. Using IoT technology, this paper employs a grey relational analysis to assess the coupling between the sports industry and tourism, revealing a significant correlation. Experimental results demonstrate a positive coupling trend, likened to conjoined twins with a natural material basis and technical support. This coupling not only aligns with industry trends but also resonates with the "environmental protection era," "green era," and "ecological era," marking a pivotal aspect of industrial development. The study contributes valuable insights into the symbiotic relationship between the sports and tourism industries, emphasizing their interconnectedness and the positive implications for economic and environmental sustainability.

관광업계 종사자들의 공정관광 실현 제약 경험에 대한 정성적 연구

Since the need was identified roughly ten years ago, domestic tourism policies have been implemented from a variety of perspectives, and tangible results have been achieved. As unfair tourism practices in the tourism industry continue to exist in a chronic form, the purpose of this study is to identify the obstacles tourism industry employees face in realizing fair tourism. Participants from the tourism industry in Seoul were recruited and analyzed using qualitative research methods. FGI was conducted for a total of 15 workers in the travel, social enterprise, and accommodation industries between July and August of 2021, and they were categorized into six fairness categories. Specifically, the fairness of procedures, interaction, opportunity, perception, business environment, and distribution process were classified. As the first study in the tourism context, this study theoretically contributed to the expansion of fairness theory and originality in the research subjects by reflecting the voices of tourism field industry workers and analyzing their limitations on the realization of fair tourism. In addition, policy implications that can be implemented in practice are proposed in order for fair tourism to take root in our society in the post-COVID-19 era.

공정 MICE관광 기대가치가 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the effect of expected values of fair tourism on behavioral intention from the perspectives of business tourists whose purpose is to participate in MICE, and to verify the moderating effect of ethical consumption. Design/Methodology/Approach - The survey was conducted with MICE participants at the Gyeongju Hwabaek Convention Center (HICO) from November 15 to December 3, 2020. A total of 300 questionnaires were collected, and 240 questionnaires, excluding insincere ones, were used for data analysies. Findings - It was found that the expected emotional and environmental values of fair tourism had significant positive (+) effects on behavioral intention. In addition, ethical consumption was found to have a partial moderating effect between expected values and behavioral intention. Research Implications - Practical and theoretical implications were provided based on the stud results. It will also serve as evidence for the establishment of fair tourism marketing plans targeting MICE tourists and the revitalization of fair MICE tourism.

Profitability of Italian Restaurants Before and During the Pandemic

Restaurant businesses play a leading role in the economy of a tourist country. Traditionally the destination of many foreign guests, Italy is also renowned for its excellent cuisine based on the Mediterranean diet. This paper analyzes the trend of two profitability indices of a sample of large Italian restaurants, related to the pre-pandemic period and in the COVID-19 year, 2020. For this purpose, financial statements from the AIDA database were used. Profitability was studied using RoE (return on equity) and RoS (return on sales). The study is related to the entire country and its three macro-regions (North, Center, and South with islands). The analysis showed a dramatic fall in the year of COVID-19 despite government interventions to support the business that has been subject to forced closures. The main limitation of this study is its purely quantitative nature limited to a sample of restaurants with annual revenues over €800,000. The results are useful to Italian and foreign entrepreneurs who can relate their situation to the average situation in the sector. In the future, the study should consider other profitability and asset indices, as well as investigate investments in sustainability, taking into account the role of restaurants which should contribute to the development of fair, ethical, and sustainable tourism.

삼각 측정법을 적용한 공정관광 지표개발

Most of the guidelines for fair tourism presented by organizations promoting fair tourism are recommendations or regulations on the behavior of tourists. Therefore, it is judged that fair tourism indexes that evenly reflect the views of the elements constituting the tourism system (tourists, local residents, and tourism businesses) are necessary. Triangulation, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, was used to differentiate it from previous studies.<BR> After developing initial questions based on theoretical research and opinions of experts in fair tourism, 55 questions of 3 factors were derived through FGI. An empirical study was conducted targeting 189 tourists who have used package tourism products within the past 3 years, and finally 24 questions were derived. It was re-verified through confirmatory factor analysis. Based on the results of the index development, academic and practical implications were presented.

공정관광 인식이 관광만족도에 미치는 영향 : 공정관광 태도의 매개효과와 긍정 심리자본의 조절효과를 중심으로

This research discusses the effect of maintaining a fair and positive relationship between tourists, local residents, and the tourism industry. It focuses on native tourists who project fair tourism attitudes and positive psychological capital in order to improve tourism satisfaction and increase tourist attraction. The study produced the following results: First, fair tourism attitude has significant direct and indirect effects on tourism satisfaction. Second, positive psychological capital controls the relationship between the tourists' perception of fair tourism and tourism satisfaction. Third, fair tourism culture can be developed and established through efforts such as providing fair tourism education for tourists, local residents, and other members of the tourism industry. To develop a fair tourism culture, the Korean Tourism Organization should introduce education that is focused on a fair tourism attitude for all the related institutions. In addition, the Korean Tourism Organization should provide tourism laws and tourism ethics education based on the World Tourism Ethics Code on the perception and attitude of fair tourism to tourists, local residents, and employees of tourism companies. Fair tourism is currently being conducted only for domestic tourists in each country due to social and environmental influences, but if tourists from foreign countries actively understand and accept the culture of their tourism destinations, and present a fair tourism attitude, they will be able to experience the joy of knowing and appreciating the culture of their tourism destinations.

IPA를 활용한 관광벤처 및 관광스타트업 기업들을 위한 정부 및 지자체 지원정책에 대한 탐색적 연구

This study is to find out how important the supporting activities of the public side in Korea are, and how much satisfied the tourism ventures and startups from the supporting activities are. And during the COVID 19, this study tries to show the better ways in terms of the public policies of the supporting activities for Korean tourism ventures and startups. The results are: in the physical factor, there are 4 sub-factors and 16 elements. The elements most needed to be changed are the size of money for the ventures and startups, the way of supporting by cash, the way of reducing all kinds of official papers, and the rent fee. In the marketing factor, there are 3 sub-factors and 15 elements. The elements most needed to be changed are the investment by KTO, the investment by Venture capital, the promotional films, SNS marketing activities, and the supporting activities in the tourism fairs. In the accelerating and education factor, there are 4 sub-factors and 16 elements. The elements most needed to be changed are the education on the tax, mentoring, the evaluation on the company values, the supporting system of the public side, and the marketing ways by the ventures and startups.

비지정 관광지 유지관리비 징수 필요성 연구: 평창군 농촌마을을 중심으로

Covid-19 has led to a surge in tourism demand for undesignated tourism sites, which has led to continued illegal activities by tourists. So far, this problem has been resolved through community service and side roles by villagers. This study confirmed that wastes were generated in rural villages in Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, and based on the experience of volunteering and participating in community service, we analyzed here the difference in involuntary volunteering and willingness to introduce fair tourism. As a result, it is found that villagers are willing to collect village entrance fees based on their experience in side service activities and the number of involuntary volunteer activities. In addition, the number of participants in the side service increased and the intention to collect admission fees increased. This study implies that it has identified the absence of legal solutions to the tourism phenomena arising from undesignated tourism sites in rural areas.

Effect of Ethical Consumption Behavior of Korea Airport Users On Perception of Fair Tourism and Purchase Intentions

Purpose - The purpose of this paper aim to understand the relationship between individual ethical consumption behavior and ethical behavior in tourism, awareness of fair tourirm and purchase intention. Design/Methodology/Approach - Investigating the relationship among ethical consumer behaviors, perception of fair tourism and purchase intention of fair tourism is pertinent in understanding the future direction and development of fair tourism at its early stage. Likewise, an empirical research was conducted with underlying assumptions that the usual ethical consumer behaviors of Korean tourists influence perceptions of fair tourism and purchase of fair tourism, as does enhancing perceptions of fair tourism on purchase intention. First, the oretical considerations were conducted on ethical consumption behavior, fair tourism awareness, and purchasing intentions. Second, we set up research models and hypotheses, and present questionnaire composition and analysis methods after survey design. Third, empirical analysis was conducted using SPSS ver.21 and multiple regression analysis was conducted. Findings - As a result of this study first, the importance of ethical consumption behavior was verified by recognizing fair tourism and revealing the impact of purchasing fair tourism. Second, travelers’ usual ethical consumption behavior has not been linked to social responsibility in travel. Third, it was confirmed that only the traveler’s behavior among the characteristics of fair tourism was recognized as fair tourism, which resulted in low perception of fair tourism, and that only travelers, or personal factors, were found to be factors in choosing fair tourism. Finally, the reason for purchasing fair tourism is the realization of an individual’s ethical beliefs rather than as part of actions that fulfill social responsibility and consider the environment, reflecting a lack of awareness of the effectiveness of fair tourism. Research Implications - Through the process, the study presents the significance of ethical consumer behaviors of tourists and enhancing perceptions of fair tourism, as well as the attempts to facilitate attention towards the related industry and participation of individuals in enrooting fair tourism. The expanded understanding of fair tourism will lead to ethical consumption in tourism, that is, purchase of fair tourism, as well as to relieve social and environmental problems caused by mass-tourism.

Effects of crisis on crisis management practices: a case from Turkish tourism enterprises

Crises are broadly thought to damage the tourism industry by decreasing tourism revenues due to reduced inbound tourism. This study investigated the negative short-term effects of crises on the crisis management practices of tourism enterprises in Turkey following terrorist attacks between 2015 and 2016, political tensions with the Russian Federation after a military aircraft was shot down in 2015, and the attempted coup in 2016. 219 valid questionnaires were obtained from representatives and managers of hotels, travel companies, airlines, and other tourism enterprises at the 10th Tourism Fair and Congress, Travel Turkey. The findings reveal that the three distinct but interrelated crises all significantly affected tourism enterprises in the short-term. These effects did not differ regarding type of enterprise or years of operation. The stressful working environment and increased costs mostly affected maintenance, human resources, government assistance, promotion, and product and pricing strategies.

윤리적 소비동기, 윤리적 소비, 공정관광 참여의도의 영향관계에 관한 연구

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between ethical consumption motives, ethical consumption and fair tourism behavior intention. To achieve the goals of this study, survey was conducted during the period from November 4 to 15 of 2019 in Busan, Republic of Korea. Total of 150 samples were utilized for the final analysis. According to the analysis, motives of ethical consumption had partial impacts on ethnical consumption. Also, ethical consumption had partially influenced on participation intention on fair tourism. Practical and theoretical implications of the results were addressed with the directions for future study based on the results of this study.

Smart business: the element of delay in the future of smart tourism

Purpose Smart tourism (ST) needs the development of smart business. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the future of the smart component of tourism companies, what their perspectives are and what factors can help to accelerate it. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 133 managers of tourist companies is the basis of the empirical information. The study was a personal survey carried out during FITUR 2019 International Tourism Fair of Madrid. The main element of the study is the future development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and smart tourism (ST) in business. Findings The results indicate that there is little development at present of the smart business eco-system and that development will continue to be slow in the future. Moreover, this is not a critical issue in the agendas of companies. It was found that tourists pressure tourism through the extensive use of their smartphones, but only at the level of tourism resources. Furthermore, it will be the consolidation of the smart tourism destination that marks the medium and long-term design of smart business. Research limitations/implications The limitations concern the problems of a sampling procedure. Firstly, it operates with a database of managers’ opinions; secondly, there are specificities of each company in particular. Practical implications The design of the smart tourism destination must incorporate the integration of tourism companies, both with a useful vision of ICTs towards the creation of experiences. Originality/value Research on smart business tourism is very scarce compared to smart destination and smart tourists. Also, the data are supported by managers of important tourism companies, as their companies are present at FITUR.

조건부가치평가법을 이용한 지리산 공정여행의 가치평가: 윤리적 소비행동을 중심으로

조건부가치평가법을 이용한 지리산 공정여행의 가치평가: 윤리적 소비행동을 중심으로

공정성관광과 긍정심리자본의 지역가치경쟁력 영향 연구

In terms of development of the tourism industry, interest in fair tourism, a new paradigm of tourism, has been spreading around the UNWTO. Early research on fair tourism began with the activation of local economy, sharing of local culture, and eco-friendliness. At present, it is reinterpreted and used in various meanings of sustainable tourism or responsible tourism, which is the relation between equality of tourists and residents of local communities and tourist sites, and economic, socio-cultural and environmental aspects. This study proved that tourism itself has educational and ethical aspects, and that if tourist experiences and recognizes fair tourism, psychological capital, which is a psychological aspect of tourism, will lead to regional competitiveness. In other words, regional competitiveness means that if tourists felt psychological capital in tourism activities, they affected the quality of life, economic power, and openness to the area where I live. On the other hand, this correct and equitable fair tourism proved to be necessary between the tourism of subjects, objects and media. These findings suggest that the relationship between fair tourism and local competitiveness can be highlighted as a new paradigm centered on psychological capital.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN CENTRAL ASIA (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UZBEKISTAN AND KAZAKHSTAN)

The article reveals the relevance of cooperation of Central Asia in the field of tourism during the years of independence, using the example of the Uzbek and Kazakh peoples. The rich historical, cultural and spiritual heritage of the Central Asian people, which has accumulated from ancient times to the present day. An interchange that can be traced back to the ancient Great Silk Road, which contributed to the enrichment of nationalities’ cultures, the establishment of diplomatic relations between states, the establishment and development of trade relations and the spiritual enrichment of peoples. And nowadays the invaluable heritage of the Central Asian peoples contributes to the establishment and development of a new industry - tourism in the period of independence, as historical, sanitary, sports, gastronomic as well. KEY WORDS: Tourism, culture, cooperation, World Tourism Organization, Tourism Fair Agreement.

소비가치가 공정관광 참여의도에 미치는 영향 : 윤리적 소비의 조절효과를 중심으로

소비가치가 공정관광 참여의도에 미치는 영향 : 윤리적 소비의 조절효과를 중심으로

The role of regional products in preserving traditional farming landscapes in the context of development of peripheral regions – Lubelskie Province, Eastern Poland

The article presents the functioning of traditional farming landscapes in Eastern Poland, using the example of Lubelskie Province. This peripheral region, situated on the border of the European Union, demonstrates how the development of tourism, food tourism in particular, based on local crops and regional foodstuffs, helps to protect and promote local heritage and, at the same time, gain additional financial resources for its inhabitants. With a view to the aims set in the paper, the authors investigated the perception of the Lublin Region’s image as regards the predominant features of the natural and socio-economic environment. Moreover, they analysed the recognisability of the regional products and dishes among people from outside the province, who have visited it for tourism purposes. The research material was collected during international and Polish tourism fairs held in five largest Polish cities. The researchers collected 493 questionnaires, 220 of which underwent a detailed analysis. The study shows that the leading functions of Lubelskie Province include agriculture and tourism. The particular form of tourism that should be developed in the region is food tourism and related products due to the natural features and landscape assets. The conclusions drawn from the respondents’ answers as well as the query of strategic documents and promotional campaigns allowed the researchers to outline further directions as regards using traditional farming landscapes with the aim of development of the region. It appears that centuries-old forms of farming and methods of food production, resulting from the region’s history and natural conditions, may determine recognisability, build a brand based on the place of origin concept, and influence the socio-economic situation of the area, preserving traditional landscapes at the same time.