Tourism Entrepreneurs Research Articles

PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU USAHA ATAS KERUGIAN WISATAWAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 10 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG KEPARIWISATAAN

According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009 concerning tourism, it is stated that tourism is a variety of tourist activities and is supported by various facilities and services provided by the community, businessmen, government and local governments. The formulation of the problem of this thesis is how is the form of legal protection for tourists and how is the form of responsibility of tourism business actors towards tourists. The purpose of writing this thesis is to find out and get a solution from the formulation of the problem. The research method in writing this thesis is normative by using a statutory approach with several sources of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as tracing legal materials through legislation and other literature. In the context of legal protection for tourists, what needs to be protected is the rights of tourists. Every tourist has the right to comfort, safety and to get fair treatment and the best possible service from the country where the person concerned visits the tourist spot. Countries where tourists visit must provide security and safety for tourists based on existing laws and regulations. Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism already regulates the rights and obligations of tourists and tourism entrepreneurs. Article 20 regulates the rights of tourists, including: accurate information about tourist attractions, tourism services in accordance with standards, legal protection and security, health services, protection of personal rights, and insurance protection for high-risk tourism activities.

Lifestyle Entrepreneurship: Literature Review and Future Research Agenda

AbstractResearch in leading entrepreneurship and management journals has tended to conceptualize entrepreneurship as motivated by the goals of wealth, income, or social value creation. This research has thus largely overlooked entrepreneurial motivations such as the desire to engage in particular activities that the entrepreneurs find rewarding or the desire to live in particular locations. The literature on such Lifestyle Entrepreneurship (LE) includes research on artisan, artistic, craft, creative, fitness, hobbyist, leisure, sport, and tourism entrepreneurship. This literature has grown quickly over the last decade, but it is scattered across a range of domains, disciplines, and journals and lacks conceptual clarity. In this review, we take stock, synthesize and offer definitions and a framework for investigation of LE that allows for its development and theoretical integration with, and contribution to, existing entrepreneurship theory. We conceptualize LE in relation to its purpose and function, identify different types of LE, and examine their respective antecedents, behaviours, and outcomes. We propose a research agenda based on the merits of viewing LE as a distinctive and theoretically important domain for the study of entrepreneurship and highlight the vital role that LE plays in enriching both individual and social welfare.

Tourism Monitoring as a Strategic Tool for Tourism Management: The Perceptions of Entrepreneurs from Centro de Portugal

Gathering information on the impact of tourism in territories is fundamental for the responsible management of tourism businesses and destinations. Therefore, it is important to monitor tourism performance using indicators that can assess its impacts. Monitoring tourism is a management technique that should adopt a stakeholder network perspective, i.e., all stakeholders should be involved and collaborate with each other by sharing information to increase the competitiveness of the destination. However, it is unclear whether stakeholders are aware of the importance of monitoring and whether monitoring considers their interests, which often leads to a lack of involvement. In this study, we adopt the stakeholder network perspective with tourism entrepreneurs from Centro de Portugal, where we aimed to evaluate the importance assigned to the monitoring of tourism and to the understanding of entrepreneurs’ information needs. To do so, the same survey was conducted twice, for the first time in 2018 and later repeated in 2022. The second survey sought to analyze whether tourism entrepreneurs’ perceptions changed after the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that tourism entrepreneurs valued the economic area more than the social and environmental ones in both periods. Nevertheless, from 2018 to 2022, entrepreneurs became more committed to monitoring tourism in Centro de Portugal.

Community-Based Ecotourism and Perceived Economic Impacts: A Study of Rural Settlements around Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal

Community-based ecotourism, as a subset of sustainable tourism, is advocated as a tool for community development in the mountain settlements. In this regard, this research adopted exploratory and descriptive approach to investigate the perceived economic impacts of community-based ecotourism in the local communities of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in Nepal. The settlements of Dhampus, Landruk and Ghandruk along the Annapurna Sanctuary Trail (AST) are considered as a case to critically examine the economic impacts of community-based ecotourism development on local residents both residing along the major trail (MT) and off the trail (OT) in the ACA. Multiple methods of data collection such as questionnaire survey with households, key informants interview, participant observation, informal discussion with local entrepreneurs and residents, and archival research have been conducted. Research findings showed that community-based ecotourism has provided extensive economic benefits to local people, however in a varying degree. It has provided economic benefits to local communities and enhanced local economy, however not all residents receive benefits equitably. People living along the MT (i.e. mostly the tourism entrepreneurs) receive higher economic benefits than that of OT (i.e. mostly the farmers). The farmers, low-wage employees, and marginalized community receive lowest benefits but largely influenced by the inflation and tourism impacts. In addition, there seem economic leakages, weak integration of local products into tourism system and inflation. This study stresses on the inclusive participation of local people in the planning and decision making of tourism development as well as sharing of benefits while also reducing the economic leakages and strengthening its linkages.

Sustainable Tourism and Community Benefits: Experiences from Yunnan Province, China

Sustainable ecotourism has been considered an alternative approach to tourism development specifically to enhance community benefits vis-a-vis the protection of natural and cultural heritage in the indigenous settlements. This study takes the case of the indigenous communities of Xishuangbanna to examine the potential community benefits of ecotourism development and the key issues responsible for promoting sustainable development. It has adopted an exploratory approach to review secondary sources, such as previous research papers and reports specifically on eco-tourism, ethnic cultural heritage, and community development in the Dai villages of Xishuangbanna. Face-to-face and online interviews with tourism academics from China were also conducted. Empirical research conducted by both Chinese and overseas scholars, particularly in the Dai villages of Xishuangbanna, was selected as a reference to perform critical analysis. Findings revealed that local communities have received significant economic benefits from tourism development; however, their local culture and heritage values have been manipulated in the interests of capital and political needs. Indigenous authenticity has been largely influenced by the entrepreneurial interests, bureaucratic mandates, and economic necessities of the local people. As such, the prevailing model of tourism development generally favors the tourism entrepreneurs and the state with less attention to Dai ethnic people. This study suggests adopting inclusive community participation and collaborative efforts to promote sustainable ecotourism and community development in ethnic settlements around the globe especially country like Nepal. The article makes an effort to examine the case of the indigenous communities of Xishuangbanna, the Peoples' Republic of China the theoretical lens of PMPD.

Investigating Personality Traits, E-Market Orientation and Firm Performance of Tourism Entrepreneurs in J & K

This study, based on Jammu and Kashmir Tourism SMEs, examines the big five personality factors that impact business success. Further, E-marketing orientation has been taken as a mediator variable of the study. Data was collected from SME owners (hoteliers) in Jammu and Kashmir. Hotel owners were selected randomly and worked in the hospitality industry. The ultimate assemblage of SMEs to whom the questionnaires were distributed includes 386 people. PLS-SEM was utilised to investigate the associations between the study's variables. The study revealed a direct positive influence of Extraversion and Openness to experience on Firm performance. Further, Agreeableness has shown a negative and significant influence on firm performance. However, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism have shown insignificant results. In the context of e-marketing orientation, extraversion Agreeableness and Conscientiousness have also shown positive and Significant influence on e-marketing Orientation. While as e-marketing orientation has shown negative but significant results on firm performance. Further, e-marketing orientation has negatively mediated the relationship between extraversion and firm performance and Agreeableness and firm performance. Thus shows partial competitive mediation between the variables of interest. Conversely, e-marketing orientation does not show any mediating effects between firm performance and Conscientiousness, Openness to experiences and Neuroticism. The research adds to an enhanced understanding of the essential success factors and issues that entrepreneurs encounter. It can also aid in better understanding the personality qualities and e-market orientation required by entrepreneurs.

Social media sites and nightlife tourism: an empirical study of tourist decision-making on nightlife entertainment consumption

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect of tourists’ social media usage when planning trips on the probability of tourists consuming nightlife activities and their spending on nightlife consumption.Design/methodology/approachTwo thousand questionnaires comprising questions about social media usage, consumption of nightlife entertainment and decisions to consume nightlife activities are distributed to international visitors at the departure hall of Phuket International Airport. A series of regressions are estimated. A Heckman two-step correction model is conducted to avoid the potential of selection bias.FindingsResults show that the information available on Facebook positively links with the probability of tourists consuming nightlife activities. Furthermore, findings indicate that the usage of YouTube in tourist trip planning could statistically influence tourists to spend more on their nightlife consumption. Therefore, the results suggest that entrepreneurs could use Facebook to stimulate tourists’ nightlife consumption, while YouTube could be used to elevate tourists’ spending on nightlife consumption. The influence of these two social media sites on tourists’ decisions aids the authorities in the mitigation of the negative impacts of nightlife tourism.Originality/valueGiven the increasing role of social media in tourists’ consumption choices, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to quantitatively explore the relationship between tourists’ social media usage and nightlife consumption in Thailand. The revealed relationship between the use of specific social media sites (Facebook and YouTube) and tourists’ decisions to consume and the amount spent on nightlife consumption could be used by nightlife tourism entrepreneurs and destination marketers in their marketing campaigns, yielding competitive advantages. Meanwhile, related authorities and non-profit organisations could apply this study’s findings to demarket tourists’ consumption of nightlife activities in areas affected by the negative impacts of tourists’ nightlife consumption.

Impact of family moral support on female entrepreneurs involved in craft tourism

ABSTRACT The paper examined how family moral support influenced the performance of women entrepreneurs involved in craft tourism in Southern Africa. Relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology were adopted to understand the rural women entrepreneurs' experiences and perspectives. The stakeholder theory was applied to disaggregate the family system and identify how each member impacts women entrepreneurs' performance. The family's structure and composition helped to explain women entrepreneurs' resilience. Thematic content analysis was used to present rural women entrepreneurs' narratives. Evidence from the study indicated that spouses and children's moral support boosted women entrepreneurs' confidence and ability to collaborate with other entrepreneurs. The research analysed the social context (family) and explained the role played by the family in sustaining rural women-owned craft tourism ventures. Apart from localising the tourism perspectives from rural women entrepreneurs' perspective, the ensuing discussion puts into perspective the emotional support mechanisms that enable women entrepreneurs to balance family-venture commitments. This paper contributes to the literature by examining how individual family members' moral support impacts women entrepreneurs' performance. It also makes a theoretical contribution by analysing craft tourism entrepreneurship from a sociological dimension and disaggregating the family system to identify and explain each family member's contribution to the informal economy.

Communication and Territorial Attractiveness for the Development of Tourism Entrepreneurship: The Case of the Southern Provinces

Communication and Territorial Attractiveness for the Development of Tourism Entrepreneurship: The Case of the Southern Provinces

ENGLISH ORAL PROFICIENCY AND TOURISM ENTREPRENEURSHIP: IDENTIFYING AND OVERCOMING CHALLENGES

In this millennium era, the English language proficiency of tourism entrepreneurs must be looked into and improved. This is due to the tourism industry’s tremendous growth that requires mastery of the English language, as English is now widely acknowledged as the worldwide language of communication. In addition, due to the scope of their work that needs to interact with international tourists, it is essential for them to be able to communicate in the English Language. This study aims to discover the challenges faced by them and their way of having to learn, master the English language and overcome these challenges. This study will follow a qualitative approach where the researchers engaged in semi-structured interviews as preliminary data, interviewing two tourism entrepreneurs located in various parts of the tourist island of Langkawi. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the collected data and generate appropriate themes and sub-themes for the study. The findings illustrated that tourism entrepreneurs operating on Langkawi Island encountered various obstacles with their English-speaking skills. These challenges included difficulties in understanding unfamiliar accents and the necessity for additional resources to effectively communicate with international tourists. The entrepreneurs expressed their desire for support in enhancing their English language proficiency. The data also revealed that these individuals overcame their difficulties by actively engaging in regular interactions with international tourists and making use of mobile applications to improve their ability to speak English.

Marketing strategy with marketing mix for Lake Toba tourism destination

Purpose: This study aims to identify effective and targeted policy strategies to improve the quality of Lake Toba. Lake Toba, a popular tourist destination in Indonesia, faces global competition and needs continuous development to maintain its appeal to domestic and international travelers. This study incorporates marketing mix policy theory to guide the design of these strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to identify effective and targeted policy strategies to improve the quality of Lake Toba, a popular tourist destination in Indonesia. Scope: The scope of this study includes various aspects related to marketing strategy and marketing mix in the context of Lake Toba as a tourist destination. Research Methodology: Qualitative research included field studies, stakeholder interviews, and secondary data analysis. Results: This study provides a comprehensive marketing strategy for the Lake Toba tourism area that encompasses positioning, market analysis, product development, market penetration, and market development. Limitations: The strategy discussed in this study concerns a marketing strategy in which the marketing mix is included. Contributions: The results and recommendations of this study will be valuable for local governments, tourism entrepreneurs, and communities involved in addressing challenges and improving the tourism sector in the Lake Toba area. Novelty: This study explores the development of appropriate marketing strategies to promote Lake Toba as a tourist destination.

An Investigation into the Role of Packaging Design Elements on Perceived Value and Price Fairness

Packaging design is a crucial tool for strengthening product competitiveness among both in-store and online marketing. Companies are paying attention to improving competitiveness by taking advantage of logos, colors, graphics, and appropriate textual messages on packaging, with an aim to raise their market share relative to other competitors. For tourism entrepreneurs, a well-designed package is a crucial part of the marketing strategy. This can help them to stand out in a crowded market, communicate their local product message, and increase the likelihood of tourists’ decisions to buy. The key purpose of this paper is to bridge a research gap in souvenir packaging design literature by investigating the causal relationships between the souvenir package design elements and perceived value, concerning price fairness and willingness to purchase food-related souvenirs. Data were gathered from a total of 402 respondents to investigate the causal relationships through Structural Equation Modeling analysis (SEM). The findings and implications may make valuable contributions for tourism entrepreneurs and souvenir packaging designers, in establishing the purchasing intentions of new and existing customers, and expanding the knowledge of visual package design theory in the souvenir industry.

Understanding the embeddedness and CSR of small in-migration tourism entrepreneurs: The moderating role of the duration of residence

ABSTRACT Local embeddedness implies the nature, complexity, and scope of entrepreneurs’ connection to the location’s environment. Based on limited recent research, this study emphasizes the bright side of in-migration tourism entrepreneurs in fulfilling CSR, and proposes a conceptual model to show the relationship between local embeddedness, place dependence, place identity, and CSR. Duration of residence representing the persistence of migration is further considered in the model to understand the continuing effectiveness of local embeddedness on CSR. After quantitative research, this study finds that local embeddedness can significantly and indirectly stimulate CSR implementation through promoting place identity or promoting place dependence and thus enhancing place identity, but the impact of local embeddedness on place identity diminishes over duration of residence. This study provides an opportunity to combine and compare migrant entrepreneurship research with mainstream entrepreneurship research, and ultimately contributes to the cross-study of migrant entrepreneurship and CSR.

Domestic Tourist Consumption for Tourist Destinations in Romania in the Period 2014-2019

Abstract The account Tourism Satellite represents dashboard necessary management performance into the sector tourist composition to him as one indicator system aggregate ensure so much analyze effects direct on economies Nation How and those indirect. shortcomings the account Satellite of Tourism that they are noted into the this article are related to lack the indicators that characterize development durable How and of those who describe phenomenon tourism at the regional level or destinations touristic. The research question of article is: What is the recorded by the volume consumption value Domestic Tourist at the level destinations tourism from Romania? Methodology used is based correlation analyses from consume Domestic Tourist globally in Romania and volume value of accommodation services into the relative to the number of overnight stays into the accommodation structures tourist for the destinations tourism from Romania. Data which were use are recorded and provided by the National Institute of Statistics, Tourism Satellite Account 2014-2019. Conclusions extracts have a level of significance analogous to the studies and research in the field and have at the base important determined by practice patterns described. The values that are present into this article can be used by researchers in the field, by local authorities or power plants, such as and by entrepreneurs in the industry tourism.

PERIPHERAL TOURISM ENTREPRENEURS IN A RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED ENVIRONMENT: EVIDENCE FROM EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE, SOUTH AFRICA

The tourism industry is distinguished from many other economic activities by the dominance of small-scale enterprises and micro-firms. Small tourism firms are critical change agents for destinations, local economic development and poverty reduction most especially in peripheral regions. This paper is situated within a growing international literature on tourism entrepreneurship and specifically the characteristics and motivations of small tourism entrepreneurs and their business operations. The research is conducted in Eastern Cape province of South Africa which is a resource-scarce or resource-constrained environment. Results are presented from a survey of 79 Black-owned small accommodation businesses and 19 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. It is shown that women own and operate the majority of these small accommodation businesses. These are mainly bed and breakfast establishments or small guest houses for which the clientele is mostly business tourists and government employees in particular. Issues under scrutiny are business motivations, start-up and operational issues. Networking emerges as an important business strategy for these peripheral entrepreneurs to address the challenges of business development. Overall, this study provides original findings and fresh insight into a segment of peripheral entrepreneurs operating in a resource-scarce context.

Role of Social Media in Branding Tourism Destinations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A Quantitative Analysis

E-commerce has spurred digital tourism entrepreneurship. Digital tourism companies must create unique and shareable destination brands to attract customers. Scholars advocated increasing brand perceptions as value enhancers to increase destination brand equity (DBE) which has been previously overlooked in research. This study examines digital tourism entrepreneurship's digital media marketing. This study shows how companies' marketing communications boost the destination's brand and less-studied traits like digital tourism entrepreneurial trust. This study employed a quantitative or deductive method to map communicative and branding features that decrease tourist visits since previous work covers integrated marketing communication and brand equity. The study employed deductive hypotheses in a quantitative quasi-experimental research design. An online survey was conducted with 497 participants who were international travellers. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) results indicated a significant relationship between destination brand equity and visitor intention. Our study highlights the significance of social and digital media in promoting tourism through digital tourism entrepreneurs in Pakistan's lesser-known areas.

Analisis Strategi Pemasaran Hotel Sotis Kupang dalam Menghadapi Tantangan pasca Pandemi Covid-19

The Corona virus pandemic which caused commotion around the city has had a significant impact on the Indonesian hospitality sector. The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has become a disaster for the hotel industry due to media reports about the closure of the hotel industry. Hoteliers, tourism entrepreneurs, hotel associations and the government have carried out various strategies to reduce the impact of losses on the hospitality industry, especially in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the optimal marketing strategy for SOTIS Hotel Kupang after the Covid 19 pandemic. Observation, interviews, and qualitative descriptive methods were used in this study and data collection from the library, interpretation and description of data and existing data. This study shows that SOTIS Hotel Kupang uses an evaluation system to create and innovate after the corona virus pandemic so that the business runs and generates economic value.

Stakeholder perceptions of sustainability and possible behaviour in a biosphere reserve

AbstractThe sustainability of biosphere reserves is arguably linked to socio‐economic factors, yet limited research exists that links socio‐economic factors, sustainable development, and tourism with biosphere reserves. There is thus a need for studies to determine how stakeholders engage in the process of sustainability. Determining stakeholders' perceptions can be useful during several stages of the conservation programme implementation. These perceptions could also indicate how stakeholders would participate in the conservation programme. This research aimed to gauge tourism entrepreneurs' possible behaviour as custodians of the Marico Biosphere Reserve. This was operationalised by determining their perceptions of sustainability. This research applied thematic analysis which identified themes related to the necessity of protecting natural resources, designation uncertainties and how to ensure sustainability. As there is a link between perceptions and behaviour, these results were further contextualised in the protection motivation theory, which raised concerns about tourism entrepreneurs' self‐efficacy and response costs that could hinder the desired protective behaviour in the reserve. Practical implications relate to employing a bottom‐up management approach, creating awareness, sustainable tourism development, and increasing social cohesion, while theoretical implications suggest extending the protection motivation theory with place attachment and social cohesion dimensions. Future research recommendations are suggested.

Development of Integrated Marketing Communication Model for Health Tourism Entrepreneurs to Accommodate Elderly Tourists in the World Heritage City for Elderly Tourists (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District)

The goals of this article are to 1) examine the integrated marketing communication situation of health tourism entrepreneurs to accommodate elderly tourists in the World Heritage City for elderly tourists (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District); 2) examine the integrated marketing communication of medical tourism entrepreneurs to accommodate elderly tourists in the World Heritage City for elderly tourists (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District); and 3) examine health tourism entrepreneurs to accommodate elder tourists (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District). The research design is mixed-methods research with participatory action research (PAR). In-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and policy meetings are all used in the qualitative research model, and employ the Snowball Sampling method of random sampling by referring people and experts, analyzing the data using content analysis, and composing a descriptive narrative. 400 senior tourists were sampled using the purposive selection method for the quantitative research method. Then, descriptive statistics and the Structural Equation Model (SEM) were used to analyze the data. The study's findings indicate that the "SILVER D Model," which consists of the seven strategies under the models S-Standard, I-Integrated, L-Lifestyle, V-Value Proposition, E-Entrepreneurial, R-Responsibility, and D-Digital Marketing, is the integrated marketing communication model employed by health tourism entrepreneurs to accommodate elderly tourists in the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District, a World Heritage Site. 3. The "SILVER D Model," a participatory action research (PAR) framework and strategies falling under the aforementioned 7 strategies The information gained from this study can be used to create an integrated marketing communication strategy for health tourism business owners to assist senior tourists in the Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District, a World Heritage City for elderly tourists, for the benefit of the stakeholders involved in both economics and policy.

The importance of context: How university entrepreneurial climates enhances entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality graduates

Universities play a key role in shaping Tourism and Hospitality (T&H) students' entrepreneurial intentions (EI), referring to one's willingness and desire to consider the creation of a new venture as a career option. However, the importance of a university climate for entrepreneurship is often overlooked in enhancing entrepreneurial career aspirations in T&H students. Drawing on Social Cognitive Career Theory and Institutional Theory, this study examines the role of entrepreneurial climates within universities and the mechanism through which it can shape T&H students' entrepreneurial intentions. Using data from 190 T&H students in the final year of a tourism and hospitality program, the PLS-SEM results reveal that T&H students' entrepreneurial self-efficacy and outcome expectations play key sequential roles in translating entrepreneurial climates into greater EI. The findings highlight the importance of individual and contextual-level factors in the formation of EI among T&H students.