Tourism Development Projects Research Articles

지역주민의 지역애착이 관광개발 태도와 지지도에 미치는 영향 : 광주광역시 어등산 관광개발 사업을 중심으로

지역주민의 지역애착이 관광개발 태도와 지지도에 미치는 영향 : 광주광역시 어등산 관광개발 사업을 중심으로

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE MAASAI RESIDENTS’ VIEWS ON TOURISM IN THE MAASAI MARA NATIONAL RESERVE, KENYA

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this study was to survey the residents’ attitudes on the impact of tourism on Maasai Mara National Reserve and to identify critical issues and tourism development concerns of the Maasai residents associated with the social, economic, and environmental sustainability of the Maasai Mara National Reserve.
 Methodology: Data for this study was collected from June-October 2015. The participants were residents, 18 and older, from three group ranches. Data were collected using single-stage cluster sampling to identify three group ranches, Koyiaki, Olkinyei, and Siana, in the Maasai Mara region. A semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire was used for face-to-face and photo-elicitation interviews of 24 respondents. Data were subsequently analysed using the Qualitative Data Analysis (QDA) technique.
 Main Findings: The study identified six overarching themes; conservation, cultural change, community development, employment, livestock, and small business. This study found that residents perceived tourism with mixed feelings, both negative and positive. More specifically, residents living closer to the tourism destination experienced direct and tangible benefits as compared to those who live far away.
 Applications of this study: The results of this study are important for tourism planners, practitioners, and conservation managers in developing holistic strategies that promote sustainable tourism development in the Mara region of Kenya.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: The success of the tourism industry depends on the involvement of the local people. Lack of cooperation of the local communities in tourism development projects could lead to anger and mistrust, influencing perceptions of tourism and its three basic areas of benefits and costs: social, environmental, and economic. This study, for the first time, attempted to describe the resident’s attitudes towards tourism development in the Mara, results which can be used to improve the participation of local residents to ensure sustainable tourism development in destinations.

Development Projects in the Field Of International Cooperation between Russia and Turkey

Subject/Topic This article deals with the development of international cooperation between Turkey and Russia, the analysis of the state of the tourist markets of Turkey and Russia, as well as the main objectives of cooperation. In the context of the state of the economy in recent years, trade policy between Turkey and Russia depends on a number of political, economic and socio-demographic factors. The crisis affected all sectors of the economy, including tourism and agriculture. Goals/Objectives The purpose of the article is a qualitative and quantitative justification of the development of interstate economic relations between Turkey and the Russian Federation. Determination of prospects for the development of economic projects in the framework of cooperation between the two countries in the international arena. Hypothesis The development of the tourism industry of each state depends on the state of economic and political relations between the States and the current geopolitical role. Methodology The methodology of this study includes methods of system, situational and economic analysis, forecasting, analysis of empirical data and expert assessments. Conclusion and Relevance The paper presents the results of the analysis of the state of domestic tourism in Turkey, as well as a factor analysis of the tourism industry over the past few years. The assessment of the results of interstate cooperation in the field of projects between Russia and Turkey is given, the most priority directions of development of these projects are revealed. Effective management of tourism development projects will stimulate economic growth and improve the welfare of the two countries. Keywords: Russia, Turkey, cooperation, tourism, business, international projects. DOI: 10.7176/JSTR/6-05-07

Film tourism impacts: a multi-stakeholder longitudinal approach

ABSTRACT This study examines multiple local stakeholders’ perceptions of film tourism impacts to shed light on the complexities of film tourism planning and development, using a longitudinal exploratory research approach. The Japanese TV series Mare (2015) was chosen as the case study. Qualitative interviews with various local stakeholders were conducted over a 21-month-long period of a film tourism development project in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. The study found that this film tourism project was initiated with high expectations. However, due to several incidents, such as the controversial rebuilding of a local highway road for promotional purposes, the audience’s mixed reception of the series’ storyline, and a sexual harassment scandal involving one of the main actors, the film tourism development did not progress as planned. The study also revealed that consultation which included a diverse range of local stakeholders and long-term planning embedded into a larger regional development strategy were key factors for successful film tourism planning and development. We contribute that an investigation of local stakeholders’ consultation, diversity, inclusion and long-term embedding is reflected in perceptions across the pre-, during- and post-production stages. These four complexities provide valuable insights and even explanations for local’s dynamic perceptions of film tourism impacts.

Tourism development and promotion project of El Mechouar Citadel: Issues and limitations

Tourism development and promotion project of El Mechouar Citadel: Issues and limitations

La ciencia como recurso para el desarrollo turístico sostenible de los Archipiélagos Patagónicos

The article analyses the activation of the object “science” on the coast of southern Chile to create a destination for scientific tourism. A territorial resource is “revealed” through the selection and enhancement of scientific objects. A research centre acts as an articulator of the tourism development project and trans‑ forms “generic” resources to “specific” ones. New heritage milestones are created around cultural geographi‑ cal areas and relevant themes for scientists and local actors. New social links and collective dynamics allow the creation and insertion of an emerging tourist destination in the national and international scenario. Giving value to resources for the creation of a sustainable destination is carried out in 5 theoretical stages; selection, justification, conservation, exposure and valorisation. In practice, it requires the formation of a network of actors to clarify the nature of the destination and the marketing of four possible scientific tourism products: scientific and sports explorations, eco‑volunteering or cultural trips with scientific content. In this manner the Patagonian Archipelagos offers products based on scientific resources enhanced by local actors to create a sustainable destination.

Low Cost Artificial Recreational Coastal Lagoon Hydrographic, and Design Guidelines in Development Resorts

There is an urgent need to study the construction of a huge constructed lakes to ensure a source of attraction for the interior coastal lands and the development of tourism activity. The study area is located in the middle of the Sinai desert. The huge lagoon with an area of 12.5 million square meters is a part of the tourism development project. A total of 12 crystal lagoons, which will be part of 1 million square meters of crystal water in the middle of the desert, using salt water from deep wells, which have no alternative use at the present time.This low cost recreational lagoon will use an energy-efficient ultrasound filtration, thus the lagoons will use fewer chemicals and less energy required by traditional pools. The water used on lagoons is of the highest purity, being suitable even for human consumption. The salty water used in the lagoon features higher levels of purity and will be used for reverse osmosis desalination processes that will lowering the cost of water desalination process. The objective of the research is to find low cost alternative for conventional swimming pools and recreational lagoons that consume water and energy used for desalination which is the only alternative for water treatment in most touristic villages in Egyptian coast and all over the world. The study uses low cost recreational lagoon with new technology that use brackish water from deep wells and purify this water before entering the lagoon by controlled pulses and energy-efficient ultrasound filtration This allows to maintain the water within pre-defined parameters, guaranteeing standardized water quality in all lagoons. The research introduces the lagoon new technology and its low cost design including feeding and drainage wells, Second, the hydrographic surveying for the coastline in the study area, Third the mathematical model for determine the water depth and perspective water volume for the designed lagoon, Finally water quality modelling for the production and injection wells. The results of the measurements from the observation well prove that the optimal discharge per each well is 0.022m3/s. This low discharge is needed to keep the salinity and the level of the groundwater, this discharge also allows the operation of the well 24 hours daily. The number of wells needed to replace the evaporated water is 2 wells. The number of wells need to circulate the water in the canal and the lakes depends on: (The total volume of the lakes - The total surface area - The bed and surface slope - The biological analysis for algae types - Ground water quality). The construction of a lagoons with this technology are very low cost. In addition, operating costs are very low, due to the efficient use of chemicals and energy and by this technology it could achieve the Egypt’s vision 2030 for sustainable development strategy.

Revitalizing the cultural heritage sites of the medieval town of Tansen for the sustainable tourism development


 Tansen is renowned for its natural settings, historic buildings and a living cultural heritage that have remained, from medieval period until now. By UNWTO statistics,internationally, cultural tourism comprises 39% of the total tourism arrivals. This reaffirms that offering greater access to the cultural and heritage assets would give Tansen a competitive edge over the other tourist destinations and increase its attractiveness as a top tourist destination in Nepal. This article is related to study of how the heritage sites could be revived to make the cultural heritage tourism sustainable and regain Tansen’s economic vibrancy that has been depleting in the recent times. The purpose of the study is to examine the current state of the cultural heritage management in Tansen, to examine the prospect of revitalizing the cultural heritage assets and; to examine the role of the local communities in these aspects. The methods used in the study were site observations, a key informant interview of experts including the city Mayor, tourism entrepreneurs, site mangers and opinion survey of tourists and the local community resident. The study shows that local population has a positive opinion and initial enthusiasm on the emerging tourist arrivals after the restoration of Rani Mahal, but their role is marginalized in the process. This is the key proposition to start an initiative for the local communities to actively participate in tourism development projects. ‘Revitalizing the Rani Mahal heritage’ launched through the Public Private Partnership with support from UNESCO could build the trust amongst the high end international as well as domestic tourist and attract more investments to conserve, protect and promote the heritage capital stocks for the Tansen tourism development.

Revitalizing the cultural heritage sites of the medieval town of Tansen for the sustainable tourism development


 Tansen is renowned for its natural settings, historic buildings and a living cultural heritage that have remained, from medieval period until now. By UNWTO statistics,internationally, cultural tourism comprises 39% of the total tourism arrivals. This reaffirms that offering greater access to the cultural and heritage assets would give Tansen a competitive edge over the other tourist destinations and increase its attractiveness as a top tourist destination in Nepal. This article is related to study of how the heritage sites could be revived to make the cultural heritage tourism sustainable and regain Tansen’s economic vibrancy that has been depleting in the recent times. The purpose of the study is to examine the current state of the cultural heritage management in Tansen, to examine the prospect of revitalizing the cultural heritage assets and; to examine the role of the local communities in these aspects. The methods used in the study were site observations, a key informant interview of experts including the city Mayor, tourism entrepreneurs, site mangers and opinion survey of tourists and the local community resident. The study shows that local population has a positive opinion and initial enthusiasm on the emerging tourist arrivals after the restoration of Rani Mahal, but their role is marginalized in the process. This is the key proposition to start an initiative for the local communities to actively participate in tourism development projects. ‘Revitalizing the Rani Mahal heritage’ launched through the Public Private Partnership with support from UNESCO could build the trust amongst the high end international as well as domestic tourist and attract more investments to conserve, protect and promote the heritage capital stocks for the Tansen tourism development.

A Critical Exploration of Agonistic Participatory Design

Agonism is often described as a means for designers and citizens to reveal and contest hegemonies in society. This paper explores how agonism used within participatory design processes can enable participants to question power structures embedded in projects, express diverging views and renegotiate project frames. The potential for reaching the democratic ideals of participation thereby increases. However, there are challenges with agonism that are yet to gain momentum in the design discourse. The purpose of this paper is to identify these challenges. This is done by reflecting on a community-based tourism development project in Kenya. The reflection illustrates that not everybody may feel comfortable with sharing views in democratic forums, that people have varying preconditions for engaging in agonism and that a multitude of hegemonies exists within projects. It also highlights a need to reflect on the transferability of agonism, at a time when participatory design moves across cultures.

Land expropriation in tourism development: Residents' attitudinal change and its influencing mechanism

The development of tourism projects is often predicated on land expropriation. It is therefore important to understand residents' attitudes towards land expropriation and how changes in those attitudes can benefit both the land expropriation process and tourism development. Taking Wudaoliang in Sandaogou village in Hebei province as a case study, this study focuses on residents' attitudinal change by taking a longitudinal approach involving non-participant observation and 180 interviews. Critical event analysis was conducted, and a framework for modelling attitudinal change was adopted. The results show that the attitudes of rural residents towards tourism development were not static but underwent a dynamic process of change across three phases. These results suggest that residents should deepen their involvement in the land expropriation process and that information transparency can reduce social conflict, which will facilitate the sustainable development of rural tourism. The theoretical and practical contributions of this study are also discussed.

Políticas públicas e governança territorial do turismo no estado do Maranhão

A formação de fóruns, conselhos, colegiados, agências de desenvolvimento e instâncias locais representam modalidades de governança voltadas para processos de gestão descentralizados, no caso estudado, do turismo. A divisão regional do turismo brasileiro criou Circuitos e Polos de Turismo, contudo, independentemente da definição do tipo de regionalização, é necessário que o projeto de desenvolvimento turístico seja formulado através do envolvimento e da participação de variados atores sociais, caracterizando movimentos que podem ser denominados como uma governança territorial. Esses fatores conduzem ao objetivo geral deste artigo que é o de analisar os projetos de governança territorial no estado do Maranhão, destacando as microrregiões da Baixada Maranhense e do Litoral Ocidental Maranhense. Recorreu-se a investigações de documentos elaborados pelo Ministério do Turismo, também àqueles utilizados pela Secretaria de Turismo do estado do Maranhão e à realização de entrevistas com agentes-chave para o projeto de governança territorial no estado, dos Conselhos Turísticos e Instâncias de Turismo. A pesquisa revela que o projeto de governança existe enquanto constituinte organizacional de uma sequência utilizada para o planejamento, embora, na prática, a ocorrência desse processo possa ser considerada como frágil ou apenas para composição documental necessária para atingir o passo posterior do decurso que se pretende atingir.
 
 Abstract
 
 PUBLIC POLICIES AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNANCE OF TOURISM IN THE STATE OF MARANHÃO
 
 The formation of forums, councils, colleges, development agencies and local bodies represent governance modalities for decentralized management processes, in the case studied, tourism. The regional division of Brazilian tourism has created Tourism Circuits and Poles, however, regardless of the definition of the regionalization type, it is necessary that the tourism development project be formulated through the involvement and participation of various social actors, characterizing movements that can be denominated such as territorial governance. These factors lead to the general objective of this article, which is to analyze the territorial governance projects in the State of Maranhão, highlighting the microregions of the Baixada Maranhense and the Litoral Ocidental Maranhense. Documentary investigations were carried out by the Ministry of Tourism, as well as those used by the Tourism Department of the State of Maranhão and interviews with key agents for the territorial governance project in the State, the Tourist Councils and Tourism Instances. The research reveals that the governance project exists as an organizational constituent of a sequence for planning, although, in practice, the occurrence of this process can be considered as fragile or only for the documentary composition necessary to reach the later step of the intended course reach.

Problems of preservation of prehistoric cultural heritage objects in the Arctic

Problems of preservation and research of prehistoric cultural heritage objects in the Arctic are reviewed in the article. To determine the priority tasks in the field of preserving the heritage of this region, the most probable risks of physical loss and loss of quality of objects associated with natural and anthropogenic factors are analyzed. A special feature of the Arctic is its increased sensitivity to anthropogenic influence and climate change. Therefore, in the context of global warming, the risks of losing the cultural wealth of a region and a planet increase substantially. An important role in the preservation of heritage sites can be played by measures to ensure conservation status, involvement in tourism and recreation development projects. One of the aspects of the conservation problem is that the cultural heritage objects of the Arctic region are still poorly understood as a valuable resource of information about nature and society. New methods developed by the authors of the article allow us to consider prehistoric heritage sites as functional elements of the ancient life support system and the modern geocultural space. The use of these methods allows us to zone the territory with the allocation of sustainable areas, which have been performing environmental and informational social functions for thousands of years. It is on these sites that ancient heritage objects are located. Correctly holding the boundaries of prehistoric cultural heritage objects (in the natural boundaries of natural systems) allows us to save information about the functional relationships in the socio-natural system. The article shows that the application of the methodology and research methods developed by the authors of the article will significantly reduce the risks of losing cultural heritage in the Arctic and other regions

Influencias del turismo global sobre el territorio amazónico

En Colombia el turismo es promovido como una estrategia de desarrollo económico y un instrumento para la conservación ambiental. Sin embargo, al ser una industria global, no contempla dinámicas locales como la percepción de las poblaciones en su territorio. El enfoque de cadenas globales de valor, aplicado a dos estudios de caso en la Amazonia colombiana, evidencia cómo los proyectos turísticos liderados por el gobierno nacional han modificado la configuración y la percepción social del territorio. La imposición de una idea de desarrollo económico sobre las necesidades de la población local genera unas relaciones de poder desiguales y una distribución de las rentas en la cadena valor de forma inequitativa, al tiempo que aumenta la fragilidad ambiental y social del territorio. No obstante, el turismo puede ser una alternativa económica y de conservación importante para las poblaciones locales siempre y cuando sean tenidas en cuenta como actores legítimos del sector.

Towards Smart Tourism Destination: An Empirical Study on Sharm El Sheikh City, Egypt

The quick advancement of modern technology imposes computerization and digitizing to allsocieties. The smart tourism destinations concept comes from the advances in smart cities.Recently, destinations began to reshape their duties and their entrepreneurial logics, involvingtourists as active providers and initiators of their own experiences and considering newtechnologies as the essential instruments for deciding tourism outcomes. It means the advent of anovel pattern of destinations, the smart tourism destinations, in which new technologies are socomprehensively utilized to have a crucial impact on tourism experiences, improves destinations’abilities to compete and favor tourism development projects, starting from these issues.The aim of the research is to investigate the development of Sharm El-Sheikh as a smart tourismdestination and add to the ongoing debate on innovation in tourism, by presenting an interpretativeframework indicating the way in which technological instruments in a smart tourism destination mayenhance the co-creation of tourism experiences. This research used the descriptive analyticalapproach, where a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to a random sample of seventy five(75) experts in information and communication technologies and academic experts in the tourismsector. 60 (80%) of sample was retrieved.The research reached several results, the highest mean values for barriers to become smart tourismdestinations emerged for the item “deficiency of staff” (mean = 4.60, standard deviation =0.848).Thehighest mean value for opportunities to become a smart tourism destination is the item “Possibility ofa network of municipalities as a platform for collaboration” (mean=4.60, standard deviation = 0.588).The research recommended that smart tourism destinations should be use of networks andtechnologies more effectively and efficiently. Training programs should also be considered to betterutilize tools and techniques needed, to establish such kind of destinations.

Tourism and the geopolitics of Buddhist heritage in Nepal

This study explores the intricacies of geopolitical imagination at a heritage attraction in Nepal, when a Chinese NGO proposed an investment project to develop it as tourism hub. It seeks to investigate the discourses and reasons deployed by Nepali tourism stakeholders in explaining the Chinese plan. The study applies qualitative methodology and the primary data which were collected through 20 semi-structured interviews. The study shows that in articulating the project aim, the agency of national actors is shaped by the regional power struggle and a ‘nationalist’ sentiment originated from perceived threat to the heritage in question. The finding is useful in understanding the complexities of geopolitical constraints that can influence tourism development projects.

지역주민의 지역애착, 공동체 의식, 태도의 구조적 관계에 관한 연구 : 광주광역시 어등산 관광개발 사업을 대상으로

지역주민의 지역애착, 공동체 의식, 태도의 구조적 관계에 관한 연구 : 광주광역시 어등산 관광개발 사업을 대상으로

GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES AND AUTHENTIC CULTURE AS ATTRACTIONS OF VISCRI COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM IN ROMANIA

This article aims at presenting a discussion on Viscri tourist attractions in Romania which could add to the existing discourse on Viscri community-based tourism (CBT) and could become an input for the community members and other stakeholders of the CBT site. Using the cultural and natural heritage provides Viscri CBT site with a strong base for its tourist attractions. Nonetheless, using authentic culture as tourist attraction creates a paradox; the community-based tourism site is expected to keep its originality while development is the aim to be achieved by the tourism development project. This issue needs to be tackled by Viscri management for the sustainability of Viscri as a community and tourist site. Some efforts have been undertaken in terms of physical structures, which could be followed by other members of the community. A more comprehensive and well-planned step is required and it should be communicated to the people on how the paradox is resolved.

Social Exchange Between a DMO and Its Stakeholders: A Case Study in the Rural Southeast United States

Many rural areas in the Southeastern United States implement tourism to supplement the declining manufacturing and farming opportunities in their communities. Through informative resources from the USDA, regional tourism development projects, the Main Street America program, and national, state, and regional grants, rural communities have the necessary building blocks readily available to advance tourism projects. However, numerous rural counties still incur obstacles in the development of tourism, resulting in the inability for them to sustain a viable destination area.Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) appear ineffective in marketing the rural area as a destination that fully embodies the culture, history, and natural resources it exhibits due to small-town politics, naivety of the benefits of tourism, and misaligned brand images. Consequently, visitor demands and expectations cannot be met due to the lack of trust in the DMO’s ability to recognize the stakeholders’ contributions for the betterment of the community as a destination brand.Understanding how to obtain stakeholders’ confidence, a DMO can develop strategic relationships through continual and consistent social exchange, strengthened over time, as trust evolves. These relationships sustain the all-inclusive brand image for the rural destination area, increasing visitor satisfaction and, therefore, stakeholder investments.

Analysis of Tourism Infrastructure Development Projects in the Context of "Green Economy"

The article examines the impact of economic and environmental factors on the implementation of tourism and recreation infrastructure development projects. An approach to analysis of socioeconomic and environmental factors has been proposed, considering preferences of different stakeholders and a multiplicity of project performance indicators. Official statistical data and expert estimates have been used to represent the experience of tourism and recreation infrastructure development projects in the regions of the Russian Federation. A methodology for analyzing the importance of socioeconomic and environmental factors, the preferences of project participants, for evaluating the effectiveness of tourism and recreation infrastructure development projects, aimed at achieving agreed objectives in the long term has been formulated. Based on the research findings, it can be argued that the proposed approach aimed at identifying the largest possible number of project participants, formalizing their preferences and using multi-criteria analysis of options reduces the likelihood of making incorrect management decisions that would lead to negative socioeconomic and environmental effects in the long term and improves the quality of tourism and recreation infrastructure development project planning.