Tourism Companies Research Articles

The Role of Digital Marketing in Tourism Businesses: An Empirical Investigation in Greece

For the tourism industry, the COVID-19 pandemic has acted as an accelerator towards the 4th industrial revolution by creating new and innovative solutions, which have transformed management, finance, planning and opened new avenues for the introduction of innovative sales and marketing technologies. As the tourism industry in Greece faces significant challenges and opportunities posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, additional needs have arisen for tourism businesses, as confirmed in this research, to adapt faster to digital operations and strengthen digital marketing through multi-channel distribution and use of digital assistants. This study aims to investigate the use of digital marketing tools by tourism companies as well as the overall satisfaction of the companies with its use and the areas of impact of digital marketing from the COVID-19 pandemic, and then to highlight all those features that stand out from those of their competitors, as well as the creation of an appropriate marketing strategy that will ensure the flow of new customers and increased revenue. To meet this purpose, an empirical survey was conducted in tourism companies in order to provide answers to research questions. As tourism businesses have not yet made sufficient use of digital media as a strategic marketing tool, this research is the basis for further research into the use of technology and digital tools to reach customers and create a more personalized experience for them.

Collectively crafting the sales job: linking charismatic leadership to sales teams’ performance

PurposeIrrespective of the importance of collective job crafting for team performance, its antecedents have not been fully comprehended. Drawing upon social cognitive theory, this study proposes that sales managers’ charismatic leadership interacts with collective proactive personality in predicting collective job crafting, which in turn influences sales teams’ customer relationship performance and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 481 sales employees and 64 sales managers from 64 sales departments of tour companies. These multi-source data were analyzed through structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings revealed that charismatic leadership was positively associated with sales teams’ collective job crafting, which was in turn positively related to sales teams’ customer relationship performance and financial performance. Collective proactive personality negatively moderated the impact of charismatic leadership on collective job crafting.Originality/valueThis study advances the extant knowledge by identifying the role of collective job crafting in translating charismatic leadership into sales teams’ performance.

EPU and financial performance in the hospitality and tourism industry: Moderating effect of CSR, institutional ownership and cash holding

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of policy-related economic uncertainty (EPU) on the financial performance of hospitality and tourism companies. More precisely, the study aims at revealing how the performance of hospitality and tourism companies is affected at times of increasing EPU, and the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement, institutional ownership and cash holding to moderate this proposed relationship. The study’s sample includes a total of 113 companies from the hotel, restaurant and airline industries for the period 2001-2018. Hypotheses are tested via two-way fixed-effect regression. The study finds that increasing EPU is detrimental to firm performance presented in declining Tobin’s Q. However, the magnitude of this negative effect on firm performance becomes less pronounced as firms engage more in CSR, have larger fraction of institutional ownership and hold larger cash and cash equivalents

Disney under the epidemic:Impact and Response

At the beginning of 2020, the new crown pneumonia epidemic broke out. As the most serious public health event in the 21st century so far, the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic has undoubtedly brought a huge impact on all walks of life, and the tourism industry has also been relatively greatly affected. As tourism, Disney, the leading company in the film and television industry, has not been spared.This paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on Disney ticket prices and holiday line duration, to predict the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic on Disney and how to deal with it.This paper focus on Disney’s response to the sudden disaster of the epidemic by shifting its focus from theme parks to movies and TV series, and investing funds in areas that were relatively less affected by the epidemic. This paper provides experience that can be used for reference by related tourism companies when they face natural disasters or economic crises. At the same time, it also provides theoretical decision-making basis and practical application significance for other film and television companies.

The Role of Soft Skills in High Performance Organizations: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees in Tourism Companies

The aim of the research is to determine the correlation and influence relationships between the independent variable (soft skills) and its dimensions represented by (communication, cooperation and teamwork, crisis management, initiative, time management) in the dependent variable (high performance organizations) and its dimensions represented by (leadership, strategy, (Individuals and roles, the external environment). The research relied on the analytical descriptive approach in analyzing the data, and the questionnaire form was used as a main tool for the study in data collection, and (40) forms were distributed to workers in tourism companies in 35 forms were retrieved, and after examining the forms it was found that 4 Forms not valid for analysis, and the number of valid forms for analysis became 31. The study reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which are the varying values ??of the correlation coefficient between each dimension of the dimensions of high performance organizations and between soft skills, as we find that the dimension (strategy) has obtained the highest value of the correlation coefficient with soft tasks compared to other dimensions (leadership, individuals and roles). The study concluded its endeavor with a number of proposals, the most important of which are: working on continuous training for workers to deepen their awareness of the importance of soft skills to reach the organization with high performance and conducting more studies to serve Iraqi organizations, and the researchers used the statistical program (SPSS.V24) to analyze data and draw conclusions.

Sociodemographic relationships of motivations, satisfaction, and loyalty in religious tourism: A study of the pilgrimage to the city Mecca.

Religious tourism is a growing sector of the tourism market because of the many social and cultural changes in the 21st century. Pilgrimage centers worldwide are considered important at the levels of religion, heritage, and culture of tourism. Despite the popularity of journeys to pilgrimage centers and their global importance, there is still a lack of knowledge about the dimensionality and impact of socio-demographic factors on visiting these centers. This study aims to (i) establish the motivational dimensions of the pilgrimage to Mecca (ii) identify the relationship between socio-demographic aspects of pilgrims and the motivation (iii) determine the relationship between socio-demographic aspects of pilgrims, satisfaction, and loyalty. The research was carried out on pilgrims who had visited Mecca. The sample consisted of 384 online surveys. Factor analysis and multiple regression method were applied to a analyze data. The results show three motivational dimensions: religious, social, and cultural, and shopping. Additionally, there is evidence of a relationship between age, marital status and average daily expenditure per person with some motivational variables. Similarly, a relationship was found between average daily expenditure per person and other variables such as satisfaction and loyalty. This study helps tourism companies pay attention to pilgrims' the socio-demographic characteristics of and match them with their motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty during the planning process.

The Role of Using Social Networking Sites to Achieve Competitive Advantage in the Tourism Companies in Afghanistan Botswana

The Role of Using Social Networking Sites to Achieve Competitive Advantage in the Tourism Companies in Afghanistan Botswana

Potential of the Crypto Economy in Financial Management and Fundraising for Tourism

This study aims to examine the potential of blockchain technology in the financing and financial management of entrepreneurial tourism projects. It highlights two objectives: how the technology can be used as an alternative financing tool and how it can improve efficiency and transparency in the financial management of tourism companies. This study shows that initial coin offerings are an effective way to finance innovative tourism projects and that blockchain technology can improve the competitiveness and efficiency of tourism companies. Due to the lack of empirical data on the actual implementation and impact of blockchain technology in the tourism industry, it is suggested that further research is needed to examine the practical application of blockchain technology in the tourism industry, its potential impact on tourism businesses and its implications for the regulatory framework. The proposed methodology includes a systematic literature review on the application of blockchain technology for the financing of tourism projects and the financial improvement of tourism business models. The results indicate that blockchain technology has the potential to transform the financing and financial management of the tourism industry and improve its efficiency and transparency. Furthermore, combining blockchain with other technologies can provide additional benefits in supply chain management and event automation.

China’s Tourism Industry under COVID-19: Impact & Response

The outbreak of COVID-19 has strained the global economic situation, and many industries are facing serious threats. As COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, countries around the world have introduced strict travel controls. The tourism business has experienced unprecedented effects as a result of unfavorable external circumstances and customer anxiety. This paper examines COVID-19's effects on the travel and tourism sector, explaining the development status of China's domestic, inbound and outbound tourism market under the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, discovering the changes of college students' travel decisions before and after the pandemic, and demonstrating the severe damages of tourism enterprises, in particular, enterprises that mainly operate the hotel business and travel agency business. After that, the effectiveness and rationality of the existing tourism recovery strategies are evaluated. This paper adopted the research methods of questionnaire survey and chart analysis to investigate the changes in college students' tourism consumption and the number of trips before and after the epidemic, and to evaluate the tourism recovery strategies which are implemented in China, such as issuing travel consumption coupons, the government's economic support for tourism companies. Eventually, the most suitable recovery strategy for China's current tourist market will be analyzed.

Market Reactions to Emergency Community Activity Restrictions Policy

This research uses the event study method to test the reaction of capital markets before and after the announcement of the Emergency Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) policy. The observation period includes 7 days before and 7 days after the event. By using purposive sampling method, the research sample amounts to 29 stocks of the hotel, restaurant, and tourism companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The hypothesis is tested with Paired Samples T-Test for those with normal distribution and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test for those with no normal distribution. The results showed that there was a difference in average trading volume activity. While average abnormal return and average security return variability did not have significant differences around the announcement. This research implies that stock investors need to consider information about government policies or other non-economic events to appropriately sort out relevant information to sell or maintain stocks under the risks and returns expected by investors.
 Keywords: Abnormal Return, Trading Volume Activity, Security Return Variability, The Emergency PPKM Policy, Event Study

Strategic ambidexterity and its role in achieving contemporary initiatives: an exploratory study of opinions of a sample of managers of travel and tourism companies in holy governorate of Kerbala-Iraq

Strategic ambidexterity and its role in achieving contemporary initiatives: an exploratory study of opinions of a sample of managers of travel and tourism companies in holy governorate of Kerbala-Iraq

Impact of GST on the Sales of BSE-Listed Hotel and Tourism Companies

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find out whether the Goods and Services Tax caused a considerable difference in the net sales of hotel and tourism companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange individually and of the industry as a whole. Methodology : The independent variable used in this study is the Goods and Services Tax, and the dependent variable is the net sales of hotel and tourism companies. We selected the 34 hotels and tourism companies bearing the Bombay Stock Exchange scrip code, and data regarding the scrip code of companies and their net sales were collected from Prowess IQ. We used the technique of independent and dependent t-tests to complete this study. Findings : The analysis of the study showed that the net sales of six companies among the selected 34 companies of the study and the net sales of the industry as a whole were significantly affected by the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax. Practical Implications : This study will benefit businessmen, government policymakers, and stock market investors and guide them in the direction of their investment in this industry. Originality : Unlike prior research, this research focused on how the net sales of hotel and tourism companies reacted to the enactment of the Goods and Services Tax in India.

Mobile application with business intelligence to optimize the control process of tourist agencies

<span lang="EN-US">Currently, tourism companies do not have a strict control of clients, drivers, buses, guides and tickets; Drivers are known to drive at excessive speed and put their lives and the lives of their customers at risk, this occurs because drivers want to gain more passengers or race with a car from the same company. For this reason, the research work aims to optimize the travel control process for tourism companies by applying business intelligence. The kimball methodology was used, which allows making a dimensional model with dimensions and a central table of the process or event that occurs in real time, tourism companies would be benefiting since in decision-making in the field of travel control, they would have the most relevant data. In addition, users are also beneficiaries, clients who minimize risks when acquiring the tourism service, this would increase more profits for the tourism company and increase its clientele.</span>

Social Media Usage and Organizational Performance among Travel Agencies

The scientific research study scrutinized the correlation between social media and organizational performance among travel agencies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The research empirical study utilized a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach. A sample size of 358 participants were determined from 1320 people as study population. Data was gathered using survey questionnaires and examined using descriptive statistics such as tables, frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation. The researcher also used inferential statistics such as Structural Equation modelling (SEM) for establishing the relationship between the study variables. The SEM was used while using standardized coefficients (betas) to denote the relative strength of the statistical relationships in the study. The research findings established that there was a significant effect between social media usage and organizational performance among travel agencies in the UAE. The study concluded that the emergence of social media sites and widespread usage has changed the way businesses operate, especially in the marketing sector of organizational performance. The media usage has compelled travel and tour companies to embrace the change that has also created a better platform for them to market and advertise their services. From the study findings, the researcher recommended that the management of travel agencies in UAE can consider improving the performance of their organization by improving on the orientation efforts offered to their customers through feasible discussion sessions where customers can actually tailor their worries using media that do not expose negative perceptions recorded to the public. This can include messages through emails and close private chats in Facebook.

System characteristics and matrix tools for evaluating innovative business models of youth tourism

This scientific article is devoted to the issues of identifying innovative business models of youth tourism based on two scientific approaches: functional-innovative (customized business model, virtual tourism platform, franchising business model) and holistic (shared tourism platforms, outdoor co-working tourism, organization of youth hostels, mobile karaoke bars and pub for youth, developing tourism programs (including package tours) for social networks, couchsurfing tours for youth, personalized tourism offers for young people, the organization of «combo tours» (combination of several types of tourism), crowdsourcing tourism, organization of tours in the format of «digital nomads», organization of tree tours, transformational tourism, digital tourism, organization of tours with ATVs, mopeds and bicycles). Furthermore, the study was able to identify conceptual business models that describe the specific characteristics and components of the different types of youth tourism: close interaction between tour operator, travel agency and end consumer based on the use of digital solutions; partial involvement of tour operators and travel agencies in the design of the tourist offer or without; involvement of third parties not directly connected with the tourism market; the presence of a large number of intermediaries; pronounced customization of services; participation of the main players in the tourist market of service organizations through intermediaries; organization of trips without physical departure using digital tools; close interaction of individuals in the process of organizing trips based on digital platforms. In the work, a scientometric and content analysis of search queries was conducted to identify important research areas within the framework of the scientific problems considered by the authors (the total amount of information used for the study was 4309 scientific documents; at the same time, the number of search queries processed in Google Trends was 4 units with an average observation period of 5 years); in addition, the distinguishing features of classic and innovative business models, including those related to the tourism business, were identified, a matrix for the correspondence of conceptual and specific business models of youth tourism was created, as well as their distribution according to three selected criteria: the level of formation of tourist interest and personalization, the degree of involvement of the tourist in the process of providing tourist services. It is also important to note that based on the results of the study, a conceptual scheme for the correlation of organizational functions and the formation of structural units and organizational links within a tourism company in the selection of the optimal innovative business model for youth tourism was developed.

SOCIAL MEDIA AS A CATALYST FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM BUSINESS: A STUDY OF TOURISM INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

The accelerating trend of social media usage has allowed users to gain knowledge about the tourism experiences of other people through reactive and proactive interactions. The primary aim of this study is to identify whether social media is playing a constructive role in increasing the development and productivity of the tourism business. The research also evaluates the effects and advantages of earned media marketing tools over social media advertisements shared by tourism companies in the process of deciding about tourism packages. This research consists of a quantitative approach. A random sampling method has been adopted by researchers todisseminate closed-ended questionnaires and a total of 206 responses were collected. After applying the reliability test through SPSS, data were examined through ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD testing. Results determined that people are more eager towards seeing and gaining public opinion than the promotions and advertisements shared on social media by tourism companies. They especially consider the experiences and viewpoints of their close relations like relatives, friends, and colleagues as well as Vloggers and social media influencers while deciding to visit a tourist spot. Because of the findings, it can be recommended that tourism companies shouldfocus more on earned media marketing tools than traditional advertising techniques while designing their marketing strategies.

The influence of board governance structure on tourism enterprises resilience – based on the data of listed Chinese tourism enterprises

ABSTRACT Previous research has shown that firms’ resources and management capabilities can contribute significantly to differences in firm resilience. However, little is known about the effect of board governance structures on tourism enterprise resilience during industry crises. This study is the first to explore the effects of board governance structure on tourism firms’ resilience in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study constructed an econometric model, applying ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares with instrumental variables. The model was empirically tested using data from listed Chinese tourism companies for 14 months before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The study's findings show that board structure significantly impacts tourism enterprises’ risk resilience. The role of the board governance structure is significantly heterogeneous owing to differences in the proportion of independent directors, the shareholding ratio of directors and the dual role levels of the chairman and general manager of tourism firms. This study extends the growing tourism resilience literature by adding the important variable of board governance structure. The contribution of this study lies in providing strategic suggestions for tourism firms to enhance their resilience by adjusting their board governance structure, thereby increasing their ability to weather unexpected crisis events.

Decision-making using regression analysis: a case study on Top Tier Holidays LLP

Research methodology This study aims to investigate the factors that contribute to the overall tour experience and services provided by Top Tier Holidays. The study is mixed in nature, and the researchers have used analytical tools to analyse the data factually. Multiple regression using MS Excel is used in the study. Case overview/synopsis This case is based on the experiences of a real-life travel and tour company located in New Delhi, India. The case helps understand regression analysis to identify independent variables significantly impacting the tour experience. The CEO of the company is focused on improving the overall customer experience. The CEO has identified six principal determinants (variables) applicable to tour companies’ success. These variables are hotel experience, transportation, cab driver, on-tour support, itinerary planning and pricing. Multiple regression analysis using Microsoft Excel is conducted on the above determinants (the independent variables) and the overall tour experience (the dependent variable). This analysis would help identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables and find the variables that significantly impact the dependent variable. This case also helps us appreciate the importance of various parameters that affect the overall customer tour experience and the challenges a tour operator company faces in the current competitive business environment. Complexity academic level This case is designed for discussion with the undergraduate courses in business management, commerce and tourism management programmes. The case will build up readers’ understanding of linear regression with multiple variables. It shows how multiple linear regression can help companies identify the significant variables affecting business outcomes.

Measuring Organizational Culture in Hotels, Restaurants and Travel Agencies in Montenegro

Organizational culture has a strong influence on the management of the organization because cultural patterns are at the core of all human behavior and actions. The aim of this paper is to determine the character of the dominant models of organizational culture in the tourism and hospitality sector of Montenegro. In this study, a field survey questionnaire was used, among employees of hotels, restaurants and travel agencies in Montenegro. In this study, we examined specifically how the characteristics of the company affect the perception of its organizational culture. Furthermore, in this study we also examined how the characteristics of respondents affect the perception of organizational culture. Research hypotheses were tested with CHAID analysis, using IBM SPSS Statistics 26. Results show that the largest number of hotel and catering companies in Montenegro have an organizational culture of the clan and the second most represented culture is the culture of hierarchy. The main finding from the conducted research is the fact that the perception of the dominant type of organizational structure is significantly influenced by the type of tourist company and geographic distribution. The obtained results show that in hotels in the southern part of Montenegro, hierarchy culture is predominant, while in restaurants and travel agencies in central and northern regions it is the clan culture that dominates. The practical contribution implication of the study is in creating knowledge that can be used by managers of tourism companies in Montenegro to create a corporate strategy, recognizing that organizational culture has become an important aspect for senior management, i.e., managing the company and its development.

An empirical study on the asset-light operation and corporate performance of China's tourism listed companies

Transitioning to an asset-light strategy is a significant shift for tourism companies in light of the global COVID-19 outbreak. This study investigates the impact of asset-light strategy on corporate performance using a sample of 588 firm-year observations from China A-share publicly traded tourism companies from 2003 to 2021. Using two-way fixed effects models, our results indicate that adopting an asset-light strategy can significantly improve the performance of tourism enterprises. We further verify that this influence mechanism is supply chain management using path analysis. More interestingly, the positive impact of asset-light strategy on enterprise performance is particularly significant in non-state-owned enterprises. Robustness tests with the system GMM method, the variable substitution method and the two-stage instrumental variables method support our main findings. The findings have significant ramifications for assisting the tourism industry, managers, and investors to strategically cope with settings that are complex and dynamic.