Tourism Business Operators Research Articles

Study of travel motivation and visit intention: The mediating role of perceived risks and travel constraints

The motivation to travel has been extensively studied, as it plays a crucial role in influencing people's travel decisions. Various theories have been proposed to explain travel behavior, including allocentric, psychocentric, push-pull factors, TPC, and TCL. This study delves into the impacts of perceived risks and travel constraints on Japanese people's motivation to travel to Mongolia, employing the push-pull theory as a framework. In the questionnaire survey, 142 Japanese citizens were selected by simple random sampling method, and the survey was conducted in Japanese and English between April and May 2023. The collected data were analysed using IBM SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 4 software. Out of the seven proposed hypotheses, four were confirmed and three were rejected. When examining risk/constraints as mediating variables, the results revealed that push motivation did not significantly influence travel intention, while pull factors demonstrated a statistically significant relationship. Furthermore, two and three variables were identified to characterize the push and pull factors that drive Japanese people's travel decisions. Two segments of travellers were also identified: those seeking nature-based experiences and those interested in historical and cultural attractions. These findings may guide tourism business operators seeking to attract Japanese travellers to Mongolia.

Reflections on a double-whammy crisis among hospitality and tourism business operators of a popular tourist destination

Reflections on a double-whammy crisis among hospitality and tourism business operators of a popular tourist destination

Research and application of tourism management in the IoT industry under the background of sustainable blockchain

In the contemporary era, there is a heightened awareness of the significance of a spiritual life, and travel is a popular choice for many. The Internet is driving rapid diversification in people's travel choices. At the same time, the traditional tourism industry's Tourism Management (TM) model, which has been in place for decades, is no longer able to satisfy people's diversified choices for tourism. This is due to a number of factors, including the trust crisis caused by asymmetric information, the outdated nature of the TM model, and the insecure personal information that is shared between intermediaries. This paper discusses the application of sustainable blockchain technology in tourism management and sets up a tourism management system based on blockchain and the Internet of Things. It takes 20 scenic spots as examples to study the application of the TM model. This paper evaluates the TM model from four key aspects: tourist satisfaction, tourism infrastructure completeness, tourism consumption level and tourism service content richness. It compares the results with those of the traditional TM system. The experimental results are clear: tourist satisfaction at scenic spots 5, 10 and 15 in the sustainable blockchain TM mode is 68 %, 87 % and 71 % respectively, which is higher than that in the traditional TM mode. In the context of sustainable blockchain, the TM mode is the optimal approach for serving tourists and enhancing their travel experience. This study also assists Chinese tourism business operators in recognizing the potential impact of blockchain technology on the development of the tourism industry. They can then formulate strategies at an early stage to cope with the information technology changes in the era of the digital economy.

Research on the Perception and Dissemination of Tourist Attraction Images in Tourist Cities under Cross-Cultural Backgrounds: Data from International Tourists’ Online Reviews

This paper investigates the perception and dissemination strategies of tourist images in tourist cities from the perspective of international tourists with cross-cultural characteristics, coming from different countries. It selects 13 tourist cities in Jiangsu Province, China, as case studies. By analyzing online review data from international tourists entering the country, the study examines both positive and negative perceptions of tourist attraction images. The results reveal that the language and volume of the reviews reflect the origins and scale of the international tourists, while the content of these reviews indicates their preferences for tourist attractions. A comparative analysis of the review data suggests that there are differences in the perceived images of tourist cities. The conclusions of this study suggest that tourism city managers, tourism business operators, and local residents can make efforts to improve the city’s tourism development. These improvements can be achieved by utilizing international media platforms to disseminate tourism images, enhancing the quality of tourist attraction operations, and strengthening cultural exchanges in tourism.

CRISIS MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RESILIENCE OF TOURISM BUSINESS OPERATORS IN JAKARTA AMID COVID-19

The tourism and creative economy sectors in Indonesia have undergone notable growth over recent years, playing a pivotal role in bolstering the nation's revenue and contributing to the advancement of communities across the country. Jakarta, as the nation’s capital and the economic center, serves as the primary entry point for international tourists, supporting the overall growth of the tourism industry. Soekarno-Hatta Airport, aside from being an international aviation hub, facilitates access to various tourist destinations across Indonesia. The emergence of Covid-19 has triggered a global crisis and greatly disrupted the world economy. The WHO's declaration of a health emergency led to the implementation of multiple virus control measures, including lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and travel restrictions. Consequently, the tourism sector which heavily reliant on human mobility, experienced severe setbacks and become one of the hardest-hit industry. To endure such crises, businesses are required to adapt swiftly and adopt an entrepreneurial perspective to meet consumer needs amid uncertainty. This research aims to investigate the strategies for crisis management and the application of entrepreneurial resilience among Jakarta's tourism business operators in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study employs qualitative descriptive approaches, using semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis as data collection techniques. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders in the tour and travel and hospitality industry. Findings indicate that not all businesses have crisis mitigation procedures for the unexpected threats. Businesses are responding to this crisis by adapting, innovating, and seizing every opportunity to ensure their survivals.

Economic valuation of seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines

Abstract. Mascari?as HJC, Otadoy JB. 2023. Economic valuation of seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24: 4427-4435. The seagrass ecosystem is one of the most productive and precious ecosystems. In the Philippines, however, more data on the economic valuation of all seagrass ecosystem services must be collected. The study estimated the total economic value of the seagrass ecosystem, including use and non-use values. Resource user groups include municipal ?shers, gleaners, and tourism business operators. The sample size was determined based on the total number of resource users in Maribojoc Bay, Bohol, Philippines and using a confidence coefficient of 95% (P = 0.05). The total economic value of the seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay is PhP 52.8 million (US$ 1.1 million). Direct use values, or market benefits, are PhP 35.4 million (US$ 708 thousand), accounting for 67% of the total economic value. Indirect and non-use values, are PhP 17.3 million (US$ 346 thousand), accounting for 33% of the total economic value. On a per hectare basis, the economic value of the seagrass ecosystem in Maribojoc Bay is PhP 46,722 (US$ 934). The results of this valuation can be an input in decision-making to manage and conserve the seagrass ecosystem as well as maintain the economic security of Maribojoc Bay. The findings of this study are valuable for developing a comprehensive information management and decision-support system for the management and protection of the seagrass ecosystem. However, more research is required to evaluate the range of ecosystem services provided by seagrass ecosystems across the country, focusing on qualitative value attributions linked to the social-ecological dynamics of seagrass systems.

Fracking and Tourism in the Northern Drakensberg Perspectives of Tourism Business Operators

Fracking and Tourism in the Northern Drakensberg Perspectives of Tourism Business Operators

ASSESSMENT OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY OF BUSINESS INNOVATION ENTERPRISES IN HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM

Due to a number of external uncontrolled factors of negative influence, Ukrainian business entities functioning in the hospitality and tourism business have seen the most severe crisis and depression over the past three years. In order to survive in such conditions and develop the business intensively, Ukrainian business entities must clearly define internal problematic aspects to correct them promptly, as well as the potential opportunities towards which the maximum effort should be directed. The article offers and justifies an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business entities in the complex modern conditions under which the Ukrainian economy is developing. In order to achieve the research goal, the methods of systematization, grouping, and logical generalization were applied.The article systematizes the key aspects of ensuring the financial and economic security for the company's activities that should be followed by its management, describes the structure of an enterprise's financial and economic security, and formulates the concept of financial and economic security for business entities in hospitality and tourism. The paper also specifies the sequence of stages, which would be advisable to follow when managing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism enterprises. The authors have summarized the approaches to assessing an enterprise's financial and economic security in modern literature and have grouped the indicators of financial and economic security for hospitality and tourism business enterprises. The study analyzes the dynamics of financial indicators which comprehensively characterize the functioning of temporary accommodation and catering enterprises, as well as economic operators of tourist activity in Ukraine and offers an approach to assessing the financial and economic security of hospitality and tourism business enterprises which base their activities on the innovation potential. The results of the study prove that differentiating and operating the components of hospitality and tourism business operators' innovation potential is expedient and improves their financial and economic security.The practical significance of the obtained results lies in increasing the financial and economic security and innovativeness of hospitality and tourism business enterprises in Ukraine by applying the proposed approach to evaluation as a monitoring tool.

농촌관광 사업자의 사업만족도 영향요인 분석

Satisfaction measured by the long-term business competency of rural tourism operators plays an important role in generating successful business. This study examined the factors affecting the business satisfaction of rural tourism operators. A total of 1,000 questionnaires were completed using the data of a fact-finding survey on Rural Tourism Business 2020. Linear and multiple regression analysis applying dummy variables was performed on this data. Results showed that the factors affecting the business satisfaction of rural tourism operators were the number of operations and part-time employees, total sales, earning side income motivation, business types, differentiation strategy, and managerial skills. Interestingly, earning side income, personal business, and the number of part-time employees were found to have a negative impact on satisfaction. These results indicate that it is necessary to come up with business strategies reflecting the factors that improve the satisfaction of rural tourism business operators.

Exploring Marketing Considerations in Nepalese Tourism during the COVID-affected Era

A tourism sector is one of the major economic wheels of Nepal. Reviving the tourism sector after the outbreak of COVID-19 is a big challenge before Nepal. This study examines tourism marketing practices during COVID-affected era and analyses tourism operators’ adaptation to COVID-19 cautions as prescribed by the WHO guidelines for tourism. Tourism operators of Nepal were surveyed on tourism marketing practices that they adopted during the COVID-19 era. At present most of the tourism businesses are targeting domestic tourists. The study also found that tourism operators emphasised on positioning Nepal as a naturally beautiful and adventurous country. Nepalese tourism businesses have taken the initiative to tackle the challenges during this COVID-affected era. Further studies could refine this study and analyse the effects of various measures taken by tourism business operators during the COVID-affected era.

AHP와 IPA를 활용한 지역사회 기반 관광 거버넌스에 대한 지역 주민 인식 연구

This study aimed to analyze local residents’ perceptions of community-based tourism governance. To achieve the purpose of the study, AHP and IPA research methods were used. Data was collected from 20 parties of community-based tourism, including local residents and merchants of Sehwa village in Jeju. The result of AHP analysis showed that the most important determinant was participation, followed by partnership, and institutionalization. Additionally, there appeared to be differences in the importance of the results of governance factors between the local people and tourism business operators. As a result of the IPA, unremitting maintenance was required for the ‘responsibility’ and ‘role sharing’, and the ‘professionalism’ needed improvement of community-based tourism governance. These findings will provide local community-based tourism policymakers and activists with practical implications for developing local community-based tourism.

Live streaming in tourism and hospitality: a literature review

ABSTRACT Live streaming, a reciprocal communication technology allowing real-time interactions, is widely embraced by tourists and tourism business operators. Mirroring its prosperity in practice, research about live streaming in tourism and hospitality sprang up since the pandemic. This paper is the first attempt to systematically review live streaming and categorize prior accumulated knowledge, revealing research gaps and providing future research agenda. This review discovered an upward trend of live streaming-related publications since 2019. Findings also unveil a notable imbalance between the research of tourists and business operators. Moreover, existing studies lack diversification in research contexts as well as in theoretical foundation.

Community participation towards conservation of Touran National Park (TNP): an application of reciprocal altruism theory

ABSTRACT Past research linking tourism and reciprocal altruism (RA), although meagre, has typically focused on relationships between hosts and guests. To broaden the application of RA in tourism, the current study focuses specifically on a local community and their participation in conserving national park assets. Face-to-face interviews with 39 local stakeholders were conducted in Iran to investigate how locals' altruistic behaviours contribute to the conservation of Touran National Park. The results demonstrate that while altruism motives such as satisfying a moral obligation to support the environment, protecting wildlife, and doing something positive for the community were cited as the main reason for conservation cooperation for NGOs and environmentalists, self-interest was the main reason for conservation cooperation motives amongst tourism business operators in conserving the park. This study also showed that locals' altruistic behaviour is an important and influential factor in protecting valuable natural resources.

Building dynamic capabilities in tourism organisations for disaster management: enablers and barriers

Dynamic capabilities enable tourism organisations to manage crises and disasters, yet many do not possess these competencies. This paper investigates the factors that enable or impede the development of dynamic capabilities in tourism organisations that help them to survive and thrive in crises or disaster environments. These enablers and barriers to build dynamic capabilities are compared across tourism organisations considering their age, size, and sector. Findings from 40 in-depth interviews with tourism business operators and other stakeholders in a disaster-prone region over two years show that knowledge-based, human-related, relational, and financial slack resources are important enablers of building dynamic capabilities in times of disasters. Internal process restrictions and external over-regulation act as major barriers to develop dynamic capabilities. The findings show that tourism organisations should consider reliance on the broader system in which multiple levels of actors are actively engaged in resource integration and develop shared values to enable adaptive capacity. Policymakers and tourism organisations can use this study to evaluate the appropriateness of their resources and processes in developing dynamic capabilities and thus achieve a more sustainable future in uncertain times.

Motivation-based segmentation of yachting tourists in China

ABSTRACT Yachting tourism plays a role in tourist activities and contributes significantly to the marine economy. It is also becoming a popular recreational option for China’s growing middle class. As tourism is a large source of growth for China’s economy, it is imperative to understand what motivates tourists to choose different segments of the tourism market. To do this, we examine one segment in depth – yachting tourism. Survey data were collected from 451 yachting tourists in Dalian, China. Next, a factor-clustering method identified four main experiences yachting tourists are seeking: novelty, leisure and sport, multi-experience, and self-realization. Yachting tourism business operators and destination managers will be able to apply these insights regarding what motivates tourists, to develop more effective management strategies.

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

Sustainable Tourism Development in India: Perception of Tourism Business Operators about Goa Tourism

Tourism business operators’ perceptions, knowledge and attitudes towards climate change at Victoria Falls

Climate change remains one of the biggest challenges facing the world today and is characterised by extreme weather events such as heatwaves, extreme droughts and floods. Regardless of the threat posed by climate change to the tourism business, there are still gaps in tourism business perceptions and knowledge of climate change. This research investigated tourism business operators’ perceptions, knowledge and attitude towards climate change at Victoria Falls. In this study that took a multidisciplinary approach, primary data were gathered using an online QuestionPro survey instrument and interviews. The survey was administered door-to-door to the identified 122 potential tourism business operators and other key stakeholders. A sample of 77 completed surveys (a 63% response rate) was realised. The study found that there was a general understanding of the causes and impacts of climate change on the tourism business operators, even though the tourism industry was not taking full responsibility for its role in causing climate change. The respondents also cited challenges and barriers in dealing with climate change, including the lack of knowledge and finance, ignorance and a lack of technical capacity. Climate change was deemed to have caused disruption in tourism activities at Victoria Falls because of reduced water flow levels at the waterfall and the destruction of tourism infrastructure during extreme weather events. The research recommended improvement in climate change knowledge, climate financing and build capacity to help the tourism industry meet both the Sustainable Development Goals and commitments to the Paris Agreement.

DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM BUSINESS POTENTIAL THROUGH THE USE OF SMARTPHONES IN MARKET TOURISM WARNASARI VILLAGE DISTRICT OF BANDUNG

This service aims to provide socialization on the use of smartphones as a means of promotion in the tourism potential of Warnasari Village tourism business operators, PangalenganDistrict, Bandung Regency. The tourism businesses managed by tourism businesses and Youth Organization in Warnasari Village are Situ Cileunca, Rafting, Cukul Sunrise Point and AgroTourism. Business operators have developed several types of tourism potential in the Warnasari Village with a target market for the lower middle class. But because of the growing demand from consumers in terms of the tourism sector, the target market wants to be changed to the upper middle class. The problem that is owned by partners is the lack of ability in terms of the use of smartphones such as photo editing, video editing and the use of social media. Community service activities using a contextual approach that is providing theoretical material first and followed by workshops directly editing photos and videos using a smartphone and uploading his work produced by partners. Then proceed with the method of briefing photo and video editing techniques, and the use of social media in marketing tourism potential in Pangalengan.

CAUSALITY BETWEEN TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND THE ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT: A CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE AMONG STAKEHOLDER WITH MACTOR ANALYSIS

Tourism is currently one of the mainstay sectors in increasing income in virtually all countries in the world. In the past decade, the tourism sector has contributed significantly to the income of countries in the Southeast Asia region. The growth of the tourism sector reached 8.3%, well above global growth of only 3.6%. Indonesia is one country with vast tourism potential. However, it is feared that the massive growth and potential will have an impact on the degradation of environmental quality, especially marine, which constitutes two-thirds of Indonesia's total area. This study aims to explore the profile of ecology and marine based tourism in Central Java Province, to analyze the supporting factors priority in the development of natural and marine tourism based on community empowerment, and to analyze stakeholders' participation in tourism development. The research used sequential mix method with Geographic Information System, ATLAS.ti, and stakeholder analysis with MACTOR as analysis tools. This study found that environmental and marine tourism development requires infrastructure and facilities, institutional preparation, and community empowerment. Ecomarine tourism development requires the involvement of various parties including regulators, executors, supporting institutions, targets, and the community as the main actor. The development model of ecomarine tourism is based on the concept of who does what, where the people gains empowerment support through community capacity building, transformation of work from fishermen/farmers to tourism business operators, local assistance, and the opening of tourism networks.Keywords: Ecomarine, tourism development, stakeholder, MACTOR, convergenceJEL Classifications: Q56, Q57DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7989