CAUSALITY BETWEEN TOURISM INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AND THE ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY IN MARINE ENVIRONMENT: A CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE AMONG STAKEHOLDER WITH MACTOR ANALYSIS

Izza Mafruhah,Supriyono Supriyono,Nurul Istiqomah,Nunung Sri Mulyani

doi:10.32479/ijeep.7989

Abstract

Tourism is currently one of the mainstay sectors in increasing income in virtually all countries in the world. In the past decade, the tourism sector has contributed significantly to the income of countries in the Southeast Asia region. The growth of the tourism sector reached 8.3%, well above global growth of only 3.6%. Indonesia is one country with vast tourism potential. However, it is feared that the massive growth and potential will have an impact on the degradation of environmental quality, especially marine, which constitutes two-thirds of Indonesia's total area. This study aims to explore the profile of ecology and marine based tourism in Central Java Province, to analyze the supporting factors priority in the development of natural and marine tourism based on community empowerment, and to analyze stakeholders' participation in tourism development. The research used sequential mix method with Geographic Information System, ATLAS.ti, and stakeholder analysis with MACTOR as analysis tools. This study found that environmental and marine tourism development requires infrastructure and facilities, institutional preparation, and community empowerment. Ecomarine tourism development requires the involvement of various parties including regulators, executors, supporting institutions, targets, and the community as the main actor. The development model of ecomarine tourism is based on the concept of who does what, where the people gains empowerment support through community capacity building, transformation of work from fishermen/farmers to tourism business operators, local assistance, and the opening of tourism networks.Keywords: Ecomarine, tourism development, stakeholder, MACTOR, convergenceJEL Classifications: Q56, Q57DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7989

Highlights

Tourism is currently one of the mainstay sectors in increasing income in virtually all countries in the world
This study aims to (1) explore the profile of ecology and marine based tourism in Central Java Province, (2) analyze the supporting factors priority in the development of natural and marine tourism based on community empowerment, and (3) analyze stakeholders’ participation in tourism development
The increase in the number of tourists is shown in the following Table 1: Tourist destinations in Central Java include natural, cultural, religious, shopping, and artificial tourism that spread throughout the regencies and cities as shown in the following tourist maps: Table 1: Visitors’ Growth 2012‐2016

Summary

Introduction

Tourism is currently one of the mainstay sectors in increasing income in virtually all countries in the world. The potential of natural tourism in Indonesia which includes the potential of flora and fauna, nature’s beauty, customs richness, culture, and language are the main attractions of tourist visits. The combination of natural and artificial tourism has become a prime attraction for both domestic and foreign tourists. Indonesia’s tourism data shows that the number of foreign tourist visits has continued to increase from 14,039,799 in 2017 to 15,806,191 in 2018, or an increase of 11.17% (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018). The increasing number of tourist visits is followed by an increase in hotel and accommodation occupancy rates and employment absorption in the tourism sector reaching 10.6 million workers or 8.9% of the total workforce.

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