Tourism Applications Research Articles

Application of Cultural Tourism Using Community-Based Tourism in the Kayutangan Heritage Area of Malang City

The Kayutangan heritage area still maintains the architectural forms from its Dutch colonial heritage. The attractions of this form include: cultural heritage buildings, burial sites, irrigation canals and tunnels, the krempyeng market, and events. The purpose of this research was to describe and analyze the application and impact of cultural tourism with the community-based tourism (CBT) concept in the Kampoeng Kayutangan heritage area in Malang City. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyze the factors of sustainable tourism development. The results showed that the existing application in the area, covering economic, social, cultural, environmental and political aspects, is already based on the CBT concept. In the economic dimension, the source of funds comes from ticketing or donations allocated for tourism development. However, the economic impact of this tourism has been limited because the impact has not been achieved by the people themselves. In the social dimension, tourists are warmly welcomed when visiting this tourist attraction, which upholds a spirit of togetherness and kinship in serving guests. In the cultural dimension, there is an exchange of ideas where the idea will be accepted and applied for better tourism development. In the environmental dimension, the existing management in this area has not yet implemented 3R, but the management applies segregation and the existing sanitation system is good. In the political dimension, decision-making regarding tourism in this area is carried out by the local tourism community in the Kayutangan Heritage’s Pokdarwis (Tourism Awareness Group).
 Keywords: cultural tourism, community-based tourism, Kayutangan Heritage, Malang City 1.

Aplicações de Destino Inteligente de acordo com a Roda da Cidade Inteligente de Cohen:

Since the innovative use of technological systems provides many advantages and convenience to cities, the tendency towards smart applications in cities is increasing. The "smart city" concept, accepted as the new city concept, adopts an innovative and sustainable management style integrated with information and communication technologies in order to find solutions to the problems of cities. By making use of smart city applications, destinations implement smart tourism applications and this provides various conveniences and opportunities to both tourists and tourism stakeholders. In addition, destinations with smart tourism applications provide competitive advantage and increase the quality of tourists' travel experience. İzmir, one of the important destinations of Turkey and visited by many tourists every year, is one of the cities that stand out with its smart city and smart tourism applications. In this context, the aim of the study is to examine the smart city components of İzmir according to Cohen's Smart City Wheel and to determine the studies made to become a smart tourism city based on these applications. In order to achieve this aim, interview technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. According to the research findings, the questions directed to the participants regarding smart tourism applications were gathered under 7 themes. These themes were analyzed in the Nvivo 12 package program, including 6 themes (smart mobility, smart living, smart people, smart economy, smart government, smart environment) and smart tourism applications in line with Cohen's smart city dimensions. It is thought that the smart city and smart tourism applications in İzmir will contribute to the residents and tourists visiting the city in terms of easy access, accessibility, sustainability, increasing the quality of life and competitiveness of the destination.

Effects of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness as Mediators of the Relationship between Individual Culture and Intention to Use Digital Tourism Applications and Services

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the individual cultural characteristics of consumers and their intention to use digital services and applications in the tourism sector, and whether Perceived Benefit and Perceived Ease of Use, which are the elements of technology acceptance, have a mediating effect in this relationship. For this purpose, the data collected from 303 participants were analyzed by Structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The findings indicate that "perceived ease of use" has a partial mediator effect in the relationship between "Intention to use digital tourism applications and services" and the "uncertainty avoidance" sub-dimension of individual culture, and a full mediator effect in the relationship between "collectivism" and "long-term orientation" sub-dimensions. In addition, it was concluded that the “perceived usefulness” has a partial mediator effect in the relationship between the “intention to use digital tourism applications and services” and “collectivism”, one of the sub-dimensions of individual culture, and has a full mediator effect in the relations of the sub-dimensions of “uncertainty avoidance” and “long-term orientation”. With the difference tests applied to the demographic data of the participants, the effects of demographic characteristics were examined and interpreted.

관광자 의사결정 지원을 위한 스마트관광 추천 시스템 연구

The proliferation of Internet applications and digital technologies has resulted in big data in a variety of formats, including structured and unstructured data, and has created an environment for analyzing, predicting, and managing potential tourist behavior. As a result, smart tourism applications such as tourism recommender systems have advanced significantly in recent years. However, unlike the industry's development, theoretical and methodological approaches to the tourism recommender system in academia are still lacking. As a result, 'DSESTR,' a new and efficient smart tourism recommender system to aid tourists' decision-making, was proposed in this study. First, the Doc2Vec technique was used to learn the feature vectors of users and items by modeling the sequential interaction between users and items. To model the nonlinearity of consumer-item interaction, the learned vectors are fed into a multi-layer perceptron (MLP), one of the deep learning techniques. Finally, the nonlinearity learned in MLP was combined with the linearity learned in matrix factorization, which is widely used in recommender systems, to predict the user's evaluation of the item more accurately. Indeed, using the TripAdvior and MovieLens data sets, the results showed that DSESTR significantly improved prediction accuracy when compared to other recommendation algorithms. Based on the findings, the applicability of DSESTR in the tourism industry was discussed, and theoretical and practical implications were proposed.

Stimulating Poverty Alleviation by Developing Tourism in Marginalised Roma Communities: A Case Study of the Central Spiš Region (Slovakia)

The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that opportunities to support the poor marginalised Roma communities (MRCs) by creating opportunities for their active participation in tourism development have been under-ultilised to date. In particular, the application of a pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach is an advantage that allows the cultural specificities of the MRCs to be exploited for their own development. A risk factor for successful implementation is the considerable differentiation within Roma communities. This study analyses the approaches of 65 municipalities of the Central Spiš region to the development of PPT as an option for poverty reduction in the MRCs in Slovakia. Based on the analysis of the local preconditions for tourism development, the specific potential for the development of Roma culture and the traditional economic activities, human resources, and the degree of segregation, we show that there is no universal solution that would be applicable in all communities. The limited possibilities to obtain relevant data determined the analysis options we used. Therefore, we used a mixed-method approach, in which we subjected the quantitative data to qualitative analysis based on interviews with the mayors of the communities being studied. Four assumptions were verified in the aforementioned way: (1) the MRCs in villages in the immediate vicinity of developed tourist centres show a higher level of activity in relation to their own development; (2) Roma who are active in small-scale farming will also be more active in maintaining other traditional craft activities, typical for Roma communities in Slovakia, forming the basis for the development of their own PPT product; (3) the activity of NGO’s focusing on the development of the local MRC’s is not a guarantee for the development of PPT activities in the villages; and finally that (4) the high level of segregation of marginalised Roma communities is a major obstacle for the implementation of PPT. This paper concludes with a typology of municipalities in relation to the preconditions for the development of PPT, which can be considered as a contribution to the discussion on the possibilities of a differentiated approach to PPT development strategies at the level of municipalities with the numerous MRC’s.

A systematic literature review of data privacy and security research on smart tourism

Smart tourism has gained popularity in recent years. While we praise the benefits it brings, we should not neglect the associated challenges of data privacy and security. This study intends to investigate the scope of data privacy and security research on smart tourism by analyzing 38 relevant contributions in multi-disciplinary fields systematically. Historical trends, disciplines, regions, themes, relevance, methods, and theories were analyzed to map out the existing research on data privacy and security in smart tourism. Findings reveal that although relevant studies have grown in frequency in recent years, there is still a lack of attention to tourists' information privacy and security in smart tourism research. Specifically, privacy-based conceptualized studies, theory-driven empirical research, and legal analysis in data protection deserve immediate attention. Tourism scholars should also consider proper methods to raise tourists' data privacy and security awareness and build an ethical relationship between tourists and smart tourism applications.

Promoting tourism business through digital marketing in the new normal era: a sustainable approach

PurposeThis paper aims to measure the intention to use digital marketing strategies to enhance the performance of tourism business as well as the extent of digital renovation applications in tourism for sustainable business in a new normal era.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is an insight from the existing relevant literature on the tourism business from time immemorial. The conceptual framework of this study is designed based on previous studies of digital marketing practices for tourism businesses. Furthermore, data were collected from 270 respondents, of which the valid response rate is 72.97%. Partial least square (PLS)-structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to validate the conceptual framework and hypotheses testing.FindingsAmong the nine hypotheses path, seven were supported. This study result shows that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social media marketing and tourism business performance are critical factors for adopting digital marketing in tourism. Thus, tourism service providers' intention has a positive impact to meet the expectation of tourists and adoption of digital marketing.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's results will assist tourism researchers and service providers in understanding an authentic relationship between digital practices of tourism business and tourist satisfaction. In addition, the legacy of tourism business through digital marketing empowers the owner and community.Originality/valueThe study is the first to explore the relationship between tourism business performance and digital marketing during the new normal era for the empowerment of local community and expanded business in tourism sector.

How experience value affect user stickiness? An empirical research on booking tourism application

This study with a view to explore the influencing factors of user stickiness of booking tourism applications’ users. Conducting surveys on samples from China online, this study analyzes the impact of different levels of user experience value, user satisfaction, and perceived risk on user stickiness by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0.Results of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling indicate that both functional experience value and user satisfaction significantly positive influence user stickiness, while neither emotional experience value nor perceived risk have significant impact on user stickiness. In addition, user satisfaction is found an important mediator in the relationship between experience value and user stickiness. In exploring the moderating effect of perceived risk, results find that as perceived risk deepens, both the positive impacts of functional experience value and emotional experience value on user satisfaction are weaken, and the positive influence of functional experience value on user stickiness is decline.

How experience value affect user stickiness? An empirical research on booking tourism application

This study with a view to explore the influencing factors of user stickiness of booking tourism applications’ users. Conducting surveys on samples from China online, this study analyzes the impact of different levels of user experience value, user satisfaction, and perceived risk on user stickiness by using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0.Results of correlation analysis and structural equation modeling indicate that both functional experience value and user satisfaction significantly positive influence user stickiness, while neither emotional experience value nor perceived risk have significant impact on user stickiness. In addition, user satisfaction is found an important mediator in the relationship between experience value and user stickiness. In exploring the moderating effect of perceived risk, results find that as perceived risk deepens, both the positive impacts of functional experience value and emotional experience value on user satisfaction are weaken, and the positive influence of functional experience value on user stickiness is decline.

The WAS Project—Waterscape Archaeology in Sicily at Isola delle Femmine (PA, Italy): Submerged and Emerged Heritage

The WAS—Waterscape Archaeology in Sicily—project is dedicated to underwater cultural heritage mapping, knowledge and awareness of the cultural heritage, dissemination, and analysis of the submerged environment concerning the coast. The prototype investigation site presented here is Isola delle Femmine (PA, Italy). This paper highlights the archaeological discovery with a description of the main finds, across a multidisciplinary approach, carried out with low-cost technology, increasing sustainable diving, and underlining the relationship between submerged and open-air historical evidence. Our studies address the realization of new underwater archaeological itineraries connected to local history. This text provides a historical-archaeological introduction to understanding the context of the site and, with some geological notes, illustrates the phases of the research with a presentation of the main artifacts, with a focus on the methodology and the techniques of the surveys and the usefulness of underwater photogrammetry and 3D modeling with a particular focus on the tourism application in the diving centers. Our work has allowed for the creation of two new underwater archaeological itineraries of Sicily. The innovative aspects of our project are linked to a new holistic approach in the context of the scientific synergy between multiple disciplines.

INTEGRATION OF FRAMEWORK ISO 27001 AND COBIT 2019 IN SMART TOURISM INFORMATION SECURITY PT. YoY INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT

Information technology that is growing rapidly becomes a very high threat to information systems. PT. YoY Management Internasional which will manage the location-based smart tourism application so that it is necessary to protect company information, in order to avoid interference and threats that can harm the company. In this study, an analysis of information technology (IT) governance was carried out using the COBIT 2019 framework, by aligning the company's strategies and goals into existing processes in COBIT 2019 which were then mapped into ISO 27001 for information security management. The purpose of this research is to manage information security using the COBIT 2019 framework and the ISO 27001:2013 standard. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results obtained in this study are in the form of several recommendations for policies in managing information security in smart tourism applications in accordance with the COBIT 2019 and ISO 27001:2013 standards.

The Application of Educational Tourism in the Forest City of Tebet, South Jakarta

The Tebet city forest, located in the Tebet Barat Village, South Jakarta, is a green open space and is one of the urban forests in the city of Jakarta. The Tebet City Forest as a means of recreation and education is still not functioning correctly, so it is necessary to evaluate the existing facilities in the Tebet City Forest to realize educational tourism. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the facilities in the Tebet City Forest, to provide alternative educational facilities that are suitable to be placed in the Tebet City Forest and to realize a landscape design that makes the Tebet City Forest an urban forest that facilitates educational tourism. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method. Through this method, researchers collect data through primary data and secondary data. The variables of the Tebet urban forest are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The results of this study indicate that facilities that can increase knowledge can be in the form of adding Indonesian plants, adding boards containing local names, Latin names, families, origins, and benefits for each tree, and providing community reading garden facilities. Facilities for protecting the environment include trash bins and signs for protecting the environment at every point of activity. Bus stops encourage people to use public transportation, provide bicycle rental and bicycle parking spaces, and provide open lawns and amphitheaters that can be used for various educational activities. Facilities that accommodate physical/physical activities include a children's playground, outdoor fitness, jogging track, multifunctional field, multifunctional plaza, amphitheater, and reflection area. It is necessary to develop and provide facilities that can support educational tourism. The results of this study can be implemented in a program that needs to be poured into the design of the site plan.

A Review of Robotic Applications in Hospitality and Tourism Research

Recently, robots have been widely adopted in the hospitality and tourism industry. Efficient robots can help hoteliers and tourism suppliers with their repetitive or manual labor. Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an increasing number of publications on robotic applications in hospitality and tourism. However, a comprehensive literature review of this realm remains lacking. Therefore, to provide a holistic view of the existing literature on robotic applications in hospitality and tourism, this study reviewed 86 extant robotic application-related articles by conducting descriptive analysis and content analysis. The findings of this study showed that most of the existing relevant studies were conducted from the perspective of consumers in the hospitality context. Potential future research directions for academics are identified herein. Practical implications on robotic adoption are also provided for industry practitioners.

An investigation into directional characteristics of the rocket plane in a tailless configuration

This paper embraces result of wind tunnel tests of a rocket plane designed to space tourism application. The rocket plane is designed in a tailless configuration with a leading edge extension (LEX) and side plates on the wing’s tip which work as all moving tail. Usually for such a concept of control, movable surfaces are position in a horizontal direction while in the considered concept there is no classical rudder, and the movable surfaces are mounted with a significant dihedral angle. The research was carried out in the subsonic closed circuit wind tunnel with an open test section. Moreover, MGAERO and PANUKL package were used for numerical computations. The first research question is to investigate how the configuration of the side plate affects the directional stability of the rocket plane. The second aim is to study the efficiency of the side plates deflected like an all moving tail for both low and high angles of attack. As a result of this investigation, the directional stability derivatives and the control derivatives were obtained. Finally, the experimental results were compared with numerical outcomes to establish does software with no full flow model can be applicable for design an aircraft with all moving tail in case of low of angles of attack.

Exploring the Experience of Traveling to Familiar Places in VR: An Empirical Study Using Google Earth VR

Considered to be an emerging topic in tourism research, traveling to familiar places benefits both the travelers and destinations. However, the current development of familiar tourism is severely affected by the epidemic. Recognizing the potential of virtual reality (VR), this research aims to explore VR’s relevance in the application of visiting familiar places and the empirical features of VR beyond on-site familiar tourism. We first reviewed the literature and developed an experience framework. Secondly, we conducted an exploratory activity in which participants (N = 16) used Google Earth VR to travel to their familiar places with two conditions (free exploration and task-oriented travel). In the activity, we employed think-aloud protocols, a scale, and semi-structured interviews. With our framework, we categorized findings into five dimensions and indicated the similarities and differences between familiar tourism in VR and that in actual places. Particularly, three empirical features (the sense of distance, multi-view space, and montage time) were recognized and formed VR’s opportunity to outperform on-site travel. We conclude by discussing the impacts of VR on familiar tourism and providing implications, including designing the timeline, sounds, tasks, and virtual guides. These suggestions inspire designers to acknowledge VR limitations and identify directions for future tourism applications. As a beginning of empirical investigation on VR familiar tourism, this study opens up a new field of discussion around VR tourism experience. We invite the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community to collectively probe into the VR experience and design of visiting familiar places. Efforts in this area will stretch beyond the current understandings of various forms of tourism and contribute to crafting rich travel experience by immersive technologies.

Co-creating value with customers in online service recovery: Bridging the links between mandatory and voluntary customer participation

Enabling customers to participate in online service recovery is crucial for online service providers to realize value co-creation. The existing literature has discussed the significance of customer participation individually in terms of mandatory customer participation (MCP; in-role) and voluntary customer participation (VCP; extra-role). In this study, we adopted basic needs theory to further explore the relationship between these two forms of participation by adopting online service recovery using tourism applications (apps) as the research context. The results indicate that two subdimensions of MCP (physical and mental participation) promote customers’ perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness, resulting in higher online post-recovery satisfaction and VCP intentions (e.g., helping others and recommending). However, the third subdimension of MCP (emotional participation) only positively affects perceived competence. Furthermore, customer-oriented tourism apps can enhance the positive effects of physical and mental participation in terms of satisfying basic needs.

A Literature Review on How Wellness Tourism Contribute to Re-Building Sri Lankan Tourism

Considering the natural resources, ancient value, and cultural components, Sri Lanka has been recognized as one of the main tourism destinations in the world. Because Sri Lanka have already proved that the best place to obtain a superior experience. According to the current situation in tourism sector has been influences by this pandemic and post situation highly. Parties in the tourism sector are facing several difficulties to aligned with this new normal situation. At the same time, countries that are gaining several competitive advantages from the tourism sector have adopted the wellness tourism concept especially other Asian countries namely, India. Because it is a timely concept to win this modern business era, this study explored to provide a critical evaluation of literature on the wellness tourism and the possibility of appalling this concept into the Sri Lankan context. A rigorous literature review is carried out by choosing conceptual and empirical papers mostly published after 2015 in reputed journals to evaluate the wellness tourism concept discussed by many authors critically. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into the stakeholders in the Sri Lankan tourism sector to implement this concept successfully. Currently Sri Lankan Tourism sector expands in Down-South, Central and Eastern provinces but less into wellness tourism application. Thus, these insights may valid forward to implement wellness tourism in above domains as an alternation for the current tourism intensity. Manly, government authorities, owners, and managers of the tourism sector should engage with digital technologies when providing their service package. Further, wellness tourism cities should consider the main three pillars, namely human capital, infrastructure, and information. Not only that but also community collaboration is another critical factor that should pay attention. Further, within this study developed a model that represents the connection between several components of a smart tourism city.

Green Tourism Implementation to Create an Environmentally Friendly Accommodation

Purpose: This study aims to describe the application of green tourism at a 5-star hotel located in Jimbaran, Bali, in creating an environmentally friendly accommodation.Research methods: This is a type of qualitative research. The approach method used in this research is descriptive analysis.Results and discussion: Generally, the implementation of green tourism standards at the hotel has implemented environmentally friendly practices but in are several obstacles in its implementation.Implication: The obstacles the hotel needs to overcome are doing socialization-training activities, building commitment, forming a green team, and implementing a green tourism marketing strategy

ECOLOGICAL TOURISM AS A PRIORITY AREA OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE: CURRENT CHALLENGES

The article analyzes the problems of ecological tourism development in Ukraine and ways to solve them. The positive and negative consequences of the development of ecological tourism are studied and the prospects for the development of ecological tourism in Ukraine are outlined. In particular, it was emphasized that the aggravation of environmental problems of tourism requires the search for new vectors of development. One of them is the application in tourism of the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development, which meets the needs of today and does not endanger the needs of future generations. The sustainable development strategy focuses on realizing the two most important goals. First of all, efficient and rational use of resources and their potential, as well as the optimal solution to regional development issues. These two goals can be achieved through the development of ecological tourism, as it will be possible to preserve the unique beauty of natural areas, reduce anthropogenic pressure on the environment, improve the welfare of local people, and more. Ukraine has sufficient ecotourism resources, the use of which, along with the growing demand for tourism services, will naturally lead to the intensification of infrastructure development and territorial organization of ecotourism activities. The concept of ecotourism emphasizes the need to preserve natural and cultural heritage, and biodiversity and improve the ecological, social, and economic status of the regions visited by ecotourists. Ecological tourism should become a model for reorganization, and greening of the entire tourism industry. Sustainable ecologically balanced tourism should become not only a philosophy but also a leading management strategy for tourism development. In recent years, the sphere of tourism in Ukraine has been going through difficult times. The Covid-19 pandemic has become a challenge for the tourism industry, making domestic travel, including ecotourism, more prevalent in Ukraine. The next terrible event for Ukraine was the war. Several hundred crimes against the environment prohibited by the Geneva Convention as a result of Russian aggression have been recorded since the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into the country. After our victory, in the conditions of growing needs of the population in recreation and tourism, extensive and intensive interaction of society and nature, there is a well-founded need for systematic use of natural resources through the use of appropriate mechanisms of sustainable nature, one of which is ecologically oriented tourism. aimed at implementing the conceptual foundations of sustainable development.

Understanding Tourists’ Motivation in Virtual Tour

In recent years, the rapid growth of virtual technology has penetrated the tourism industry, and the pandemic has boosted its tremendous growth worldwide, including in Indonesia. Travel restrictions due to prevention strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic have been responsible for increasing the demand for virtual tours and creating a niche market in tourism, rather than only being a tool for promotional marketing. It is deemed important to understand the market in order to develop a sustainable market in this sector successfully. Therefore, this study examined the motivations of virtual tourists and determined whether virtual tour experiences can influence their motivation to visit the destination. First, a quantitative research method using factor analysis with a total of 111 (n) completed questionnaires was performed. Then, with content analysis, the descriptive representation of the content was established to support the factor dimension. This study found that there were five factors of the main motivations for tourists to do virtual tour activities. They are “Relaxing & well-being”, “Novelty”, “Education & Learning”, “Tendency to visit the destination”, and “Digital experience”. Furthermore, this study found that the real physical travel experience is irreplaceable, but virtual tour brings new & unique experience to tourists. The results of this research can be implemented by the tourism business to enhance the understanding and development of the future of virtual tours experience in the tourism industry. It can also contribute to the current knowledge of digital tourism applications, particularly in Indonesia’s context.