Total Waste Volume Research Articles

Advancements in immobilization of cesium and strontium radionuclides in cementitious wasteforms—A review

AbstractThe safe and secure encapsulation or immobilization of nuclear waste, particularly low to intermediate‐level waste (accounting for ∼97% of the total volume of nuclear waste), has been a significant concern. Consequently, numerous studies have been conducted on various materials such as ordinary Portland cement‐based, bitumen, and ceramics for the purpose of waste encapsulation/immobilization. However, these studies generally offer a broad overview of materials performance without focusing on specific radioisotopes of concern. Cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) are important radioactive nuclides to consider for encapsulation, but the existing studies on immobilizing these elements are fragmented and lack a comprehensive understanding. This critical review article offers a thorough qualitative and quantitative analysis to uncover the primary trends/knowledge gaps within the field. It comprehensively delves into waste classifications/management and leaching assessments, followed by an exploration of the immobilization performance and durability issues of various traditional and advanced cementitious materials including low‐temperature chemically bonded ceramics such as alkali‐activated matrices and Mg‒K phosphates for the immobilization of Cs and Sr. Furthermore, the review article provides fresh insights and perspectives, including recommendations for improvements, novel technologies, and future trends in this domain.

The Environmental Footprint of Available Food Waste in Young Households: A Diary Case Study of Schleswig-Holstein (Germany)

As households contribute significantly to food waste, it can be assumed that they bear considerable responsibility for the environmental footprint of it. In Germany, household food waste comprises over half of all food loss and waste, with a notable share attributable to young people. To explore their environmental footprint, data from fifty young households in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, is analyzed using the Food Loss and Waste Value Calculator with an integrated life cycle assessment. We evaluate the environmental footprint of animal and plant food waste across five categories: climate change, water scarcity footprint, soil quality index, phosphorus and nitrogen eutrophication. Surprisingly, animal food waste, though representing only 18% of the total volume of all available food waste in our study, exhibits a more substantial impact in all categories except water scarcity. Specifically, animal food waste is found to be an important factor in soil degradation. Our results generally indicate an inverse relationship between the volume of animal-based and plant-based food waste in young households and its environmental footprint. However, the case study highlights a troubling connection between plant food waste and significant water scarcity issues in European agriculture.

Estimating CO2 emission from fly ash and bottom ash collection and transport from thermal waste processing in Jakarta

Abstract Municipal solid waste poses a significant challenge in DKI Jakarta Province. This study assumes that DKI Jakarta has distributed waste treatment facilities (ITFs) covering western, eastern, and southern service areas, employing thermal waste systems due to their efficiency in handling large waste volumes. However, its residual waste, Fly Ash and Bottom Ash (FABA), presents its own concerns. FABA accounts for 1.5% and 18.5% of the total waste volume in all ITFs, equivalent to 88.47 tons of fly ash and 1,091.07 tons of bottom ash daily. The study analyses total distance travelled and fuel consumption for FABA transportation from each ITF to designated disposal sites. The planned fleet is 12-ton capacity truck or equivalent. Arc-GIS is employed for trip assignment and generate daily trip requirements. Three FABA disposal scenarios are considered: TPST Bantargebang, certified third-party sites in Gunung Putri, and a combination of both. The daily total distance ranges from 8,247.96 to 10,026.48 km and consume 5,071.16 to 6,164.66 Liters of biosolar. The trip assignment reveals that the distance to Gunung Putri exceeds the other alternatives, while transporting FABA to TPST Bantargebang yields the lowest total distance travelled. Estimated CO2 emissions range from 11.22 to 13.64 tons per day.

Correlation between waste generation, population and GDP of cities in Sergipe, Brazil

The problem of solid waste (garbage or rubble) is a global problem that affects the environment, public health, and the quality of life of people all over the world. In this work, a literature review and quantitative research were carried out on the websites of the Institute of Water and Sanitation and Dataviva of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, to collect the data needed to verify whether or not there is a correlation between population size, waste generation and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. This work used the correlation coefficient, which is widely used to measure the relationships between variables and what they represent, and is important for drawing up overviews in studies with many related variables so that it is possible to understand how the variability of one affects the other. The results show that population size and per capita waste generation showed a weak positive correlation and GDP per capita and per capita waste generation showed a very weak negative correlation. It can be concluded that economic and population aspects can influence the total volume of waste generated, but that they did not emerge as determining factors in isolation, showing that different populations (in terms of age structure, household arrangement structure, and cultural habits, among others) practice different consumption patterns, generating different amounts of solid waste.

Current situation of plastic waste generation, opportunities and challenges in minimizing plastic waste at Son Tay General Hospital in 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to describe the current situation of plastic waste generation and learn the opportunities and challenges in plastic waste management at Son Tay General Hospital in 2022. Research subjects and methods: The research design was a cross-sectional combination of qualitative. Research and applied data collection method using a structured questionnaire combined retrospective, records, books, and reports. In-depth interviews with staff working on hospital plastic waste management. Results: The volume of plastic waste generated at Son Tay General Hospital in 2022 compared to the total amount of medical waste generated at the hospital was 11,168kg, including infectious plastic waste generated 10,320kg (22.8%), non-infectious hazardous plastic waste 25kg (14.12%), recycled plastic waste of 823kg, including 735kg of recycled plastic waste from professional activities (28%) and recycled plastic waste from daily activities 88kg (0.05%). The total volume of recycled waste at Son Tay General Hospital in 2022 was 2714kg including recycled plastic waste (823kg) and waste other than plastic products (1891kg). The 823kg of recycled waste including fluid bottles was 600kg/year (22.1%), plastic cans were 135kg/year (4.98%) and household plastic accounted for 88kg/year (3.24%). Conclusion: The proportion of plastic waste compared to total medical waste is significant. Among the types of plastic waste generated, infectious plastic waste accounted for the highest proportion, followed by recycled plastic waste, non-infectious hazardous plastic waste, and regular plastic waste. Keywords: plastic waste, Son Tay General Hospital, waste.

“Dirty Dry Eye”– A waste volume analysis from topical therapy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca

PurposeThe healthcare system is responsible for around 5% of CO2 emissions globally and in Germany. So far, there are no data on the amount of waste from dry eye disease (DED) therapy in ophthalmology. The aim of this project was to evaluate the amount and type of waste from single- and multi-dose units (SDU/MDU) generated by eyedrops used to treat DED in Germany.MethodsThe net waste weight (outer/inner packaging, instruction leaflet, empty container) from factory-sealed products was determined using a precision scale. Based on prescription data from PharMaAnalyst, a database of medical prescriptions from over 70 million patients in Germany, the total annual waste volume for 2016–2021 and the net weight of a 30-day treatment were calculated.ResultsThe total annual waste volume increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 7.13 tons in 2016 to 20.64 tons in 2021. A 30-day treatment with MDUs (without/with filter) results in a significantly lower mean waste volume (paper: SDU 24.3 ± 18.7 g; MDU 4.8 ± 1.7 g/8.8 g ± 1.7 g; SDU/MDU p = 0.0003, with filter p = 0.0034; plastic: SDU 35.0 ± 4.0, MDU 6.6 ± 0.7 g/ 15.1 g ± 5.8 g, SDU/MDU p < 0.0001, with filter p < 0.0001).ConclusionPrescription-based treatment of DED in Germany causes an increasing and substantial waste volume. The use of SDUs is considerably more resource-intensive than MDUs. Due to the large and rising number of patients suffering from DED improvements in packaging could considerably reduce the CO2 footprint of DED treatment.

Extraction of Palladium from Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Solutions

New solvent systems for selective separation of palladium from nuclear wastes represent a prospective way to reduce the total waste volume and induce this metal’s extraction. For this purpose, the potential of modern green solvent room-temperature ionic liquid was assessed with diamide-type extractants based on N-heterocycles and S-donating thiodiglicolic acid. The N-donating heterocyclic extractants demonstrate structure-dependent high selectivity toward palladium in the presence of various impurity metals (such as Zr, Cs, Sr, Mo, Ce, Fe, and Cr) from spent nuclear fuel. Palladium is extracted into the organic phase quite selectively with a separation factor greater than a thousand for all extractants. Ionic liquid media are capable of selective palladium separation from platinum group metals and synergetically increase the selectivity of the extractants.

Resource potential of municipal solid waste in Odesa Region

Despite the widespread use of the term "municipal solid waste" (MSW), the main regulatory and legislative documents of Ukraine use the term "household waste". International practice also does not have a clear definition of the "municipal solid waste" concept, however, there are a number of related terms. Municipal solid waste is defined as a waste that is generated in the course of human activity, accumulated in residential buildings and social institutions and considered as unsuitable for further use at places of its generation. As for the related terms used in foreign and national practice, the term “household waste”, i.e. waste generated directly by households, is more appropriate. Municipal solid waste is a heterogeneous mixture that has a complex waste composition and its quantitative and qualitative characteristics are not constant and depend on characteristics of a certain country, region, city or town where it was generated, season and other factors. Growing volumes of municipal solid waste is one of the components of growing anthropogenic load that poses a threat to environmental safety of the country's regions and public health and negatively affects the state of our environment. The main methods of such solid waste management in Ukraine include landfilling, incineration, recycling and recovery. Out of the total annual waste volume generated on the post-Soviet territories, 93% are taken to landfills or dumpsites, 4% – incinerated, and only about 3% – recycled.&#x0D; Therefore, creation and implementation of an effective system of solid waste management is an important task for ensuring environmental safety and sustainable development of the country's regions. Moreover, solid waste is a significant reserve for obtaining secondary material resources. According to the circular economy concept, almost all components of solid waste should be reused for production of new items. This will minimize negative impact on the environment and allow rational use of natural resources. The article analyses the current state of municipal solid waste management system in Odesa Region and assesses resource value of such waste. Secondary raw materials worth of almost UAH 1.4 million can be produced annually from the total flow of municipal solid waste in Odesa Region. And this figure does not take into account liquidity of food and other waste. After establishing an effective food and other organic waste management system, such amount may be significantly increased. Separation of resource-value components from the total solid waste flow and their subsequent use will help to reduce technogenic load on the environmental natural components and improve the overall environmental situation in Odesa Region.

Assessment of the potential use of construction and demolition waste (CDW) fines as eco-pozzolan in binary and ternary cements

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) represents a significant portion of the total volume of solid waste generated worldwide, an alternative is to use the fine fraction as eco-pozzolan. The study aims to evaluate the use CDW fines (< 63 µm) as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in binary (cement and CDW) and ternary (cement, CDW and metakaolin) matrices. Binary mixtures were prepared with 5–20% CDW and ternary mixtures with up to 50% substitution (5–40%CDW, 45–10%MK). Experimental techniques of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM-EDS microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) were used. The physical, mechanical and microstructural properties of the pastes were evaluated. The results show that CDW fines can be used in large quantities in ternary blends to refine the pore structure, reduce water absorption and maintain mechanical strength in the 40 MPa class.

PEMBUATAN ECO ENZYME DAN POC DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA ORGANIK MENUJU ZERO WASTE

According to data from the Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (2022), waste production in Indonesia is around 36 million tons per year and unmanaged waste is around 13.5 tons per year (37.45%). Waste production in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta is around 800 thousand tons per year, and 50.17% of it is household waste. The total volume of waste brought to the Piyungan landfill is around 700 tons/day, around 55 percent of it is organic waste. Each person produces around 0.68 kg of waste per day, so waste management must be the responsibility of all people communities as waste producers. The aim of community service activity is to increase knowledge, skills and motivate also raise awareness of KWT Cabe Rawit members in Jambon Village as partners in processing household waste into eco enzyme and Liquid Organic Fertilizer using the stacked bucket technique, so that it can support the zero waste movement. The implementation methods in community service activities including lectures, training and practice. The outputs that will be produced are publications in national seminar proceedings with ISBN, publications in electronic mass media, books with ISBN, videos, posters and increasing partner empowerment. All members of the KWT Cabe Rawit members in Jambon Village understand and are skilled in making eco enzymes and Liquid Organic Fertilizer from organic household waste and their benefits. The quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer using the stacked bucket technique is an organic C content of 2.76%, 0.14% total N, C/ N 19.71, P2O5 0.0041 %, K2O 0.023% and pH 5.7. The quality of compost using the stacked bucket technique is organic C content 42.26%, total N 3.67%, C/N 11.51, P2O5 0.39%, K2O 0.17% and pH 6.2 and pH eco enzyme 3 .5Keywords: Eco enzyme, Household waste, Liquid organic fertilizer, Zero waste

Food waste ‘Warriors’, ‘Strugglers’ and ‘Slackers’: Segmenting households based on food waste generation and sorting behaviours

Food waste is a largely avoidable global issue with adverse environmental and economic impacts. Households are the main generators of food waste, with two main food waste behaviours contributing to the issue: generation and sorting. Online survey data from 939 households was used to segment households based on two measures of food waste generation (total food waste volume and the proportion of total food waste that is avoidable) and one measure of sorting behaviour (proportion of food waste sorted sustainably). Three segments were identified: ‘Warriors’ (39.6%), ‘Strugglers’ (19.6%), and ‘Slackers’ (40.8%). Warriors have low total and avoidable food waste and sort it sustainably (i.e. sorting into a kerbside organics bin, composting, and feeding to pets). Slackers have low food waste but sort little of it sustainably. Strugglers have high food waste and a medium level of sustainable sorting. These segments were profiled based on the Motivation – Opportunity – Ability framework with motivation based on the three goal-framing motivations (i.e. gain, hedonic, and normative goals) for reducing and sorting food waste between segments. These findings can help inform the design of interventions aimed at reducing and sorting food waste in specific segments of municipal populations.

THE CURRENT STATE OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to study the current state of circular economy development in Ukraine. Currently, the Ukrainian economy functions mainly within the linear economic model, but has already started implementing green economy initiatives, which in particular includes the approaches and goals of the circular economy. The state of waste management in Ukraine was studied, which is divided into three categories of operations: utilization, incineration and removal to specially designated places and objects. In the structure of the total volume of waste by categories of management during the entire analyzed period, disposal in specially designated places and objects takes the largest share. This method of waste management includes burying in the ground or dumping (dumping) on ​​the ground, dumping in specially equipped landfills (in landfills), burying waste in special containers in a mine, etc., that is, it is a common tool of waste management under the linear model. The financial and economic indicators of the development of the sphere of environmental protection in Ukraine are analyzed. The analysis of statistical data shows that the "green" transformation of the national logistics system of Ukraine in the conditions of the circular economy is not effective enough. The statistical analysis proved the need to implement the principles and tools of the circular economy as a concept of sustainable development of the national logistics system in Ukraine. It has been proven that the transformation of production ecosystems can provide enterprises with various competitive advantages. Among the most common strategic advantages are differentiation and cost leadership. However, we argue that the main benefit of ecosystem transformation is to enhance the ability of ecosystems to achieve good triple bottom line outcomes by providing clients with social, financial and environmental benefits. It is worth taking into account the best experience of Finland, which effectively implements practical solutions of the closed cycle economy. The essence of the transition is to rethink value chains and develop new business models.

Measuring circularity potential for medical waste management – a dynamic circularity performance analysis

The global transition towards circular economy (CE) signifies a shift in industrial waste management objective from “expansion of recycling industry” to achieve “waste as resource”. The medical industry has attracted CE research attention the due to its significant waste generation and relatively slower progress towards CE, despite the substantial recycling potential identified by the WHO. Studies indicate that this can be attributed to the hazardous nature of medical waste and the prioritization of safety in waste treatment over potential economic and health co-benefits.Recognizing the limitations of current waste management performance evaluation framework, this research introduces the dynamic circularity performance index, and further introduces the two new indicators of “recycling circularity (Rc)” and “real circularity performance”, in conjunction with “recycling rate”, to enable industry-specific sustainability assessment of waste management performance.The case study on Taiwan medical waste management performance from 2014 to 2021 on the four identified medical waste categories confirms the limitations of assessing performance solely based on the quantity-based metric of “recycling rate”. For example, the significant decline in the recycling rate from 33.1% to only 12.2% between 2019 and 2020 might be interpreted as a drop in environmental performance. However, the increase in both overall recycling efficiency and total volume of waste recycled, as demonstrated by “circularity performance” and “real circularity performance” reveals a well-maintained resource recovery performance in coping with the stunning 327% increase in total waste generation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Similarly, while the “recyclable waste’ category exhibits a significant increasing in the recycling rate over the assessment period, the “Rc” results highlight a degradation in recycling efficiency.The synergistic effect of the newly introduced indicators unveils several unique phenomena affecting the CE transition of the medical industry. These includes regulatory control, the single-use mindset, hazardous nature of the waste, the classification of waste, policy incentives and recycling capacity.Further improvement can be made to expand the coverage to all life cycle stages and refine the method for determining the relative circularity of treatment performance. Such advancements can attribute to enhance waste management performance assessment and the development of effective CE transition strategies and policies.

Potential Carbon Footprint in Food System Based on Household Vegetable Consumption in Yogyakarta

Consumption is one part of the food system in a region. Food is a basic need that cannot be separated from various activities. Food systems account for about a quarter of the global carbon footprint, indicating that every activity in it will impact the environment. This study aims to explain the potential carbon footprint resulting from the vegetable consumption commodities in Yogyakarta as part of the food system. The city of Yogyakarta became the research area with the consideration that this area is an urban area with a high population density, a high proportion of waste transported to the final landfill, and the composition of organic waste, which is more than half the total volume of waste. This study uses secondary data from the Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) from the BPS-Statistics Indonesia and relevant literature. A quantitative descriptive analysis technique was used in this study to explain the vegetable food consumption of the people of Yogyakarta City. The potential for carbon footprint and food waste is calculated using emission factors that include production activities up to distribution. The results show that eggplant has the highest potential carbon footprint based on consumption data, with an average value of 0.25 kg CO2-eq/kg per household in one week. The average potential carbon footprint of vegetable consumption per household in one week in Yogyakarta City is 1.9 kg CO2-eq/kg produce. Potential food waste based on consumption activities has an average value of 0.15 kg per household in one week.

Virtual reality simulation of radioactive waste relocation with dynamic dose rate visualization

Low and medium activity radioactive waste, although they contain only a small fraction of the total activity produced on a world scale, represent more than 90% of the total volume of radioactive waste generated in the use of nuclear energy. Due to the potential risk to human health and the environment, all radioactive material is subject to strict control regarding its use and subsequent disposal. For this reason, all waste must be collected, treated and stored properly in specific facilities for this purpose. Therefore, methods and techniques that keep these wastes under control are of great importance for an efficient management of these wastes. Planning and constant training on waste management procedures help control these materials. One of the possible ways to carry out this planning and previous training of the activities is using computational simulators, these simulators allow a preview of the activities and a good estimate of the radiation that would be received, by the operators, in the real activity. In this context, the present work presents a methodology for a simulation system of dynamic reallocation of nuclear waste and the visualization of the generated radioactive mesh, in real time.

Waste free construction site–A buzzword, nice to have or more

The building and construction industry is responsible for up to 25% of the total waste generated globally. Most construction sites in Norway on average generate 40–60 kg waste per gross floor area built and the average material recovery rate is ca. 46%. Existing requirements focus on waste sorting as a measure to increase material recovery rates. There are on-going national activities with an ambition to achieve waste free construction sites. However, there is lack of a common definition, standard and transparent data collection, and reporting system. This study presents a method for the evaluation and follow-up of construction waste and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The methodology was tested using the actual construction waste data collected from 36 Norwegian building cases to evaluate the quantity of construction waste, waste-related GHG emissions per building typology, sorting grade and waste recycling rate. The buildings in total generated ca. 7800 tonnes of waste and ca.12900 tonnes CO2eq and on average ca. 51 kg/m2 waste and 88kgCO2eq/m2. The building projects had a high average sorting grade (89%) and a low average recycling rate (32%). Gypsum, mixed wood, clean wood, and mixed waste are the top waste fractions representing ca. 56% of the total waste volume. This highlights there is still a long way to go to achieve waste free construction sites ambitions. The results also suggest the need for using transparent data collection and communication methods, collaboration in the value chain, stricter regulations, and incentives for encouraging the development of new and existing waste prevention solutions and technologies.

Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Mandiri Secara Berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Mojosongo Surakarta

According to Sustainable Waste Indonesia (SWI) data, less than 10% of plastic waste is recycled and more than 50% still ends up in landfill site. The total volume of waste generated by the City of Surakarta in 2020 is 107,873 tons per year, so a waste management scheme is needed that is the joint responsibility of the government, the private sector and the community. One of the waste management schemes involving community participation is through the Waste Bank. The Waste Bank is one solution to deal with the problem of increasing waste production. The waste bank program is a collective self-subsistent waste management system with the principle of recycling. People who act as bank customers will also benefit by depositing their waste and then saving it through a waste bank and from their savings can be taken as needed. Thus, the waste bank will have a positive impact on the environment and improve economic conditions in a community. The sustainable self-subsistent waste bank management program is a solution in handling waste problems in RW 28, Mojosongo sub-district, Surakarta. The implementation of the waste bank management program in RW 28 Mojosongo Village, among others: 1) the establishment of a waste bank, 2) technical training, 3) implementation and development of the waste bank system&lt;em&gt;.&lt;/em&gt;

Waste Power Generation System at The Institute Technology of Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia

The Sumatera Institute of Technology (ITERA) is a public university based in Jati Agung, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. Based on the assignment from the Ministry of Education and Culture, in the early stages of development and implementation it will be carried out by the Bandung Institute of Technology in collaboration with the Regional Governments throughout Sumatera. Furthermore, on October 6 2014 and promulgated on October 9 2014, the Sumatera Institute of Technology (ITERA) was established. One of them is pollution, including water, air and land pollution. In general, most of the waste produced at ITERA is domestic waste, accounting for 20-30% of the total waste volume. The objectives of our study are (1) to determine the quality and quantity of ITERA solid waste (2) to identify potential solid waste into environmentally friendly energy. Data processing and analysis is carried out descriptively based on the data that has been obtained, then the data is processed by calculating the potential for waste to become electrical energy. Waste generation data is needed to calculate the amount of waste stock that will later be used as fuel and will be related to the continuity of electrical power supply and the amount of energy that will be produced (KWh) and calculate the amount of energy potential. Quality and quantity of ITERA solid waste are food waste has the largest percentage, namely 24.11%, where the largest composition comes from food waste. The high level of food waste produced is due to students' habits of consuming excessive food without managing the waste. The total projected waste generation at ITERA in 2022 is 528,428 kg/day or 3,236 L/day. Calorific value is found in food and market waste, namely 1,295.98 Kcal/kg. The Potential production results from the direct combustion (Incineration) technology process carried out by PLTSa produce a potential electrical power of 1,862.6112 kWh/day, if operated for 1 year the potential electrical power produced is 679,853,088 kWH/year or 679.85308 MWh/year.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ON DAILY OPERATION OF SELECTED FOOD SERVICE ESTABLISHMENT IN NORTHERN REGION OF MALAYSIA

Food waste is the second-highest source of solid waste in Malaysia. It accounts for about 32% of the total volume of waste generated in the country. Western food restaurants and Indian Muslim (also known as Mamak) restaurants in Northern Region, Malaysia are fast-growing food establishments and have become common among Malaysians of different races. Thus, this study aimed to identify the waste generation, carbon footprint and water footprint during the daily operation of these two types of food establishment. The waste from the food establishment was classified and measured into three categories: Preparation loss (PREP), serving loss (SERV) and customers’ plate loss (PLATE). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) was used to exhibit the amounts of food waste generated and the factors that most significantly contributed to the amount of food waste during daily operations. The findings of this study presented that PLATE waste contributed to most of the food waste with 62.9% (Western) and 54.9% (Indian Muslim), compared to PREP losses generated which were 37.1% (Western) and 45.1% (Indian Muslim). The weekly average electricity consumption was 17.3 kWh (Western) and 267.8 kWh (Indian Muslim). Besides, the total weekly carbon footprint was 17.6 kgCO2e (Western) and 29.24 kgCO2e (Indian Muslim). Meanwhile, the total average water consumptions were 21.82 m3 (Western) and 38.2 m3 (Indian Muslim) and the total carbon footprint emission per week was 7.5 kgCO2e (Western) and 13.19 kgCO2e (Indian Muslim). The management of the food establishment may be able to recognise the areas for improvement in reducing food waste generation and carbon footprint from their daily operations.

Green Finance Instruments as a Factor of Increasing Industrial Waste Utilization in Russia

Influenced by the governmental policy of national economy decarbonization and greening fundamentally new institution of green finance is currently developing in Russia. One of the key areas for the development of green finance is industrial waste disposal. The aim of the paper is to determine the efficiency of green financing of industrial waste utilization projects in Russia. The methodological basis of the paper consists of domestic and foreign scientific articles in the field of green financing and waste disposal, regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as Rosstat data on the volume of industrial waste disposal. As a research method, the authors applied an analytical approach to systemize green finance concept definitions, and analyzed foreign experience of using green financial instruments in the industrial waste management industry. The article represents the content analysis of the Russian taxonomy of green and adaptation projects, as well as an assessment of the industrial waste utilization volumes that can potentially be achieved due to the implementation of projects within the framework of taxonomy areas. The results of the analysis show that through the implementation of green and adaptation projects, it is possible to additionally dispose of about 91 million tons of industrial waste, or 2.5% of the total volume of waste generated. Such a low recycling rate is a result of the limited amount of industrial waste types, the utilization of which is included in the taxonomy. It is necessary to expand the list of industrial waste, the disposal of which can be recognized as an independent project or a criterion for the implementation of projects within the framework of the taxonomy.