Total Suspended Particulate Emission Research Articles

EVALUATION OF STATIC PRESSURE DROPS AND PM10 AND TSP EMISSIONS FOR MODIFIED 1D-3D CYCLONES

Five modifications of a standard 1D3D cyclone were tested and compared against the standard 1D3D designin the areas of particulate emissions and static pressure drop across the cyclone. The modifications to the 1D3D designincluded a 2D2D inlet, a 2D2D air outlet, a D/3 trash exit, an expansion chamber with a D/3 trash exit, and a tapered airoutlet duct. The 1D3D modifications that exhibited a significant improvement in reducing both PM10 and total suspendedparticulate (TSP) emissions were the designs with the 2D2D inlet and air exhaust combined with either the conical D/3tail cone or the expansion chamber. In reference to the standard 1D3D cyclone, the average reduction in PM10 emissionswas 24 to 29% with a 29 to 35% reduction observed in TSP emissions. The modifications with the tapered air outlets didnot show any significant improvements in controlling PM10 emissions. However, the modification with the tapered airoutlet/expansion chamber combination exhibited statistical significance in reducing TSP emissions by 18% compared tothe 1D3D cyclone. All modifications tested exhibited lower static pressure drops than the standard 1D3D.

Characterization and problems of indoor pollution due to cooking stove smoke

Findings from the five groups of matched houses, each using either cattle dung, wood, coal, kerosene or liquid petroleum gas (LPG) as cooking fuels are presented with emphasis on cross comparison of indoor pollution levels during the cooking period. The houses using LPG were considered as controls. The characterization of pollution was made by measurements of total suspended particulates (TSP), carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and particle sizing of TSP, which were further analysed for the evaluation of levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A correlation between the pollutants as a function of fuel type has also been looked for. The study revealed that 50–80% of the TSP emissions from biomass and coal-burning cooking stoves were in a respirable fraction of ≤2 μm size and that a large amount of the PAHs (> 75%) belonged to this fraction only. Air quality biomass-using houses was the worst among the users of the five aforementioned fuels and levels were relatively high. The findings stress that a conserted effort towards a solution should be made as a large fraction of the world's population regularly uses biomass as a prime domestic fuel. The problems associated with cooking stoves in India and immediate research needs are outlined.