Total Stoppage Research Articles

Entrepreneurial intention of unemployed people and training and financial support for self-employed workers in COVID-19 times

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a severe economic crisis that led to instability in the labor market, putting at risk the welfare of workers. Some workers fell into unemployment and self-employed workers had to face a partial or total stoppage of their activities. In this framework, unemployed people could find a way out of unemployment in entrepreneurship. As for self-employed workers, they need support to reactive economically. This paper aims to study the entrepreneurial intention of unemployed people and the need of training and financial support of self-employed workers. To do so, Probit models are estimated using a national survey on workers in Ecuador. The results show that the underlying characteristics that motivate the entrepreneurial intention differ across existent unemployed people and COVID-19 unemployed people. COVID-19 unemployed women are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions than men. Less educated existent unemployed people are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions than more educated ones. The results regarding the need of support of self-employed people show that people that need financial support also need training support and vice-versa. The COVID-19 affectation on economic sectors has a relevant effect on the need for financial support.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC LOCKDOWN: LIVELIHOOD STRUGGLES AND COPING EXPERIENCES OF PRECARIOUS MIGRANT CONSTRUCTION AND TRANSPORT WORKERS IN AWKA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA

COVID-19 Pandemic has affected different categories of workers in diverse ways. The paper seeks to interrogate the livelihood challenges of those in precarious employment with a focus on migrant construction and transport workers in Awka during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The paper explores the coping strategies adopted by these urban poor in the face of the severe shutdown and abrupt termination of their marginal means of livelihood by the State and National governments. The paper also sought to find out the forms of assistance, or palliatives, if any from governmental, non-governmental organizations, corporate bodies and individuals. The paper is an in-depth study of select construction and transport workers who are not indigenes of Anambra State, using In-depth Interview Method and Focus Group Discussion. The study revealed, that trapped in precariousness, the daily paid workers in the construction and transport sub sectors of the informal economy faced double jeopardy, not only in terms of the starvation earnings that are irregular, and uncertain, but in its total stoppage, with no safety nets, nor savings to fall back on. It also provides insights into the nature of the relationship that these masons, bricklayers and transport operators have with their ad hoc employers and the State

COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: Livelihood Struggles and Coping Experiences of Precarious Migrant Construction and Transport Workers in Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

COVID-19 Pandemic has affected different categories of workers in diverse ways. The paper seeks to interrogate the livelihood challenges of those in precarious employment with a focus on migrant construction and transport workers in Awka during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The paper explores the coping strategies adopted by these urban poor in the face of the severe shutdown and abrupt termination of their marginal means of livelihood by the State and National governments. The paper also sought to find out the forms of assistance, or palliatives, if any from governmental, non-governmental organizations, corporate bodies and individuals. The paper is an indepth study of select construction and transport workers who are not indigenes of Anambra State, using In-depth Interview Method and Focus Group Discussion. The study revealed, that trapped in precariousness, the daily paid workers in the construction and transport sub sectors of the informal economy faced double jeopardy, not only in terms of the starvation earnings that are irregular, and uncertain, but in its total stoppage, with no safety nets, nor savings to fall back on. It also provides insights into the nature of the relationship that these masons, bricklayers and transport operators have with their ad hoc employers and the State.

Improved Bearing Fault Diagnosis by Feature Extraction Based on GLCM, Fusion of Selection Methods, and Multiclass-Naïve Bayes Classification

The presence of bearing faults reduces the efficiency of rotating machines and thus increases energy consumption or even the total stoppage of the machine. It becomes essential to correctly diagnose the fault caused by the bearing. Hence the importance of determining an effective features extraction method that best describes the fault. The vision of this paper is to merge the features selection methods in order to define the most relevant featuresin the texture of the vibration signal images. In this study, the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) in texture analysis is applied on the vibration signal represented in images. Features selection based on the merge of PCA (Principal component Analysis) method and SFE (Sequential Features Extraction) method is done to obtain the most relevant features. The multiclass-Na?ve Bayesclassifier is used to test the proposed approach. The success rate of this classification is 98.27%. The relevant features obtained give promising results and are more efficient than the methods observed in the literature.

TIEMPO DE INTERRUPCIÓN DE NEGOCIOS EN LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO POR DAÑOS DIRECTOS Y EFECTOS INDIRECTOS EN EDIFICIOS A CAUSA DEL SISMO DEL 19S DE 2017

Después del sismo ocurrido el 19 de septiembre de 2017 en México, una gran cantidad de negocios establecidos en la Ciudad de México dejó de operar temporalmente e incluso de forma definitiva. De acuerdo con lo observado tras este evento destructivo, en este trabajo se identifican las fuentes de interrupción del negocio: Protocolos de seguridad iniciales, Suspensión de servicios públicos de suministro, Efectos de vecindario y Daños en los componentes del edificio, y se propone un modelo para determinar el tiempo de interrupción de negocio, IN, con base en la inactividad de la edificación. Con la finalidad de tener valores de referencia para los datos de entrada, se documentan los tiempos de evaluación de edificios, restablecimiento de servicios públicos, demolición de edificios, entre otros aspectos relevantes para la CDMX. Finalmente, los conceptos se ejemplifican con un negocio formal hipotético establecido en una edificación de dos niveles de mampostería confinada y en los resultados se obtiene que habría una paralización total de las actividades empresariales por más de un mes debido a daños menores en la infraestructura de energía eléctrica y algunos daños estructurales en la planta alta. Además, se concluye que, aunque la interrupción de negocios depende de múltiples factores, la participación de los Ingenieros Estructuristas es trascendental para minimizar el tiempo de IN, especialmente en la evaluación de la seguridad de los edificios y la rehabilitación de las infraestructuras.

Developing A Real-Time (Labview Based) Productivity Measurement System for Textile Factories (Dept.T)

The main goal of this paper is to increase decision effectiveness in textile manufacturing through the design and implementation of a new real-time (on-line) LabView based software and hardware system for measuring actual and accurate total stoppage time of the machines in the entire factory. The data would be utilized in predicting the total productivity of any Textile manufacturing organization. The system was designed using a microcontroller and Lab View 8.5 from National Instruments. It was simulated on a circular knitted machine. The system could be applied on any number of machines after slight modification in the electronic circuits and the software

A comparative study on the role of antenatal care services and child care at various rural and tribal villages, Adilabad, Telangana state

Background: Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health is one of the four categories of the universal health coverage indicators under sustainable development goals target 3.9: family planning, antenatal care (minimum 4 visits), with skilled attendants at birth, full child immunization coverage, and health seeking behavior for suspected child pneumonia1 . Achievement under millennium development goals shows that in developing countries like India, mostly in tribal villages continue to face the greatest challenges in improving the maternal and child health struggling with a combination of poor coverage and quality of health care services and public health interventions. The hard to reach tribal areas face obstacles in ensuring universal access to sexual, reproductive health services2 . The indicators showed lower performance among the tribal communities as seen with most of the health indicators. Poverty, low literacy and poor nutritional status of reproductive age women give rise to poor maternal and child health outcomes along with lack of healthcare delivery facilities lead poor maternal health indicators3 . Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 243 randomly selected mothers who have children less than 7years in rural and tribal villages (150 and 93 respectively). This is community based cross-sectional study and done by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire for data collection at Shanthapur , a rural village and various tribal villages, at an average 25kms away from Adilabad town from Jan-October 2019. Analysis was done using SPSS for windows version 16, Microsoft excel and Open epi website. Result: Out of 243 study subjects, 85% (206) of the study subjects were registered for the antenatal services. The mean age of mother at pregnancy, female literacy, birth order, number of antenatal visits, person conducting delivery, place of delivery, birth weight of child, number of breastfeeding per day, exclusive breastfeeding, total stoppage of breastfeeding ,baby hospitalization due to sickness, weight per age and height per age of the child are statistically significant(p<0.05) between the rural and tribal study subjects . Conclusion and Recommendation: This study revealed that utilization of ANC services and child care services are far better by rural women than the tribal women. The role of antenatal care and child care being influenced by difficulties of accessibility, availability of these services at tribal areas are exposed from this study

Determining Production Systems Performance Metrics Considering Machine Downtime

Abstract The monitoring and control of production system performance is a continuing concern within prioritization and optimization decisions regarding manufacturing systems. There is interest on mathematical models of systems performance that facilitate a straightforward computer implementation of continuous monitoring and improvement of the performance of production systems. In this work, it is considered a multi-state system approach for modeling production manufacturing systems and for measuring its long-term performance. One operational measure used for evaluating the manufacturing systems performance is overall equipment effectiveness. Here, the focus on overall equipment effectiveness is the total stoppage time due to corrective maintenance. This study therefore set out to assess a mathematical modeling approach for evaluating decisions about cost-efficient corrective maintenance. This approach is used for computing the manufacturing system states probability distribution, since calculating the total production cost per unit (total unit cost of production plus total unit cost of maintenance). In order to evaluate the goodness of the mathematical approach, a continuous time Markov chain model and a discrete event simulation model are used, by comparing the values obtained using the three techniques. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the universal generating function for assessing system performance metrics.

An application of Pareto analysis and cause-and-effect diagram (CED) to examine stoppage losses: a textile case from Bangladesh

Spinning industries are facing challenges of improving productivity in the competitive market nowadays. Ring spinning, the most widely used yarn manufacturing process for short staple spinning, uses several types of machinery from blow room to ring frame for producing yarns from cotton fibers. An enterprise can improve utilization of resources by identifying unwanted machine stoppage and taking corrective actions at different points in the production cycle. This study focuses on the major six stoppage losses that are used to calculate Overall Equipment Efficiency (OEE) of ring frame section. The Pareto analysis reveals that idling and minor stoppage and breakdown losses are responsible 89.3% of total stoppage losses. According to cause-and-effect analysis, root causes for the stoppage losses are: high doffing time, high traveler changing time, broken end of yarn due to piles generation through the front roller, power failure and change in Draft Change Pinion (DCP) due to breakage of teeth of the gear during starting of machine by operators before lowering of ring rail and change of Twist Change Pinion (TCP) due to the displacement of TCP gear shaft. Finally, few recommendations are made to reduce stoppage losses and to increase the productivity of the ring frame section.

How safe is the use of chlorpyrifos: Revelations through its effect on layer birds.

Aim:The present study was aimed to investigate the immunological competence of chlorpyrifos (CPF) insecticide after oral administration in layer chickens.Materials and Methods:A total of 20 White Leghorn birds were given CPF in drinking water at 0.3 ppm/bird/day (no observable effect level dose) for a period of 3-month. Immune competence status of layer birds and chicks hatched from CPF-treated birds were estimated at 15 days interval in layer birds and monthly interval in chicks using immunological and biochemical parameters.Results:There was a significant decrease in values of total leukocytes count, absolute lymphocyte count, absolute heterophil count, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, and serum gamma globulin in the birds treated with CPF as compared to control. Similarly, immune competence tests such as lymphocyte stimulation test, oxidative burst assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests indicated lower immunity in birds treated with CPF as compared to control. Subsequently, chicks produced from CPF-treated birds were also examined for immune competence, but no significant difference was observed between chicks of both the groups.Conclusion:The exposure to CPF produced hemo-biochemical and other changes that could be correlated with changes in the immunological profile of layer chickens suggesting total stoppage of using CPF in poultry sheds.

The effect of the law changes on time variables of the South African Currie Cup Tournament during 2007 and 2013

In rugby union, several law changes were introduced between 2007 and 2013, yet the impact of these changes have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the law changes on the time intervals and contact profile of the South African Currie Cup Tournament during the 2007 and 2013 seasons. The frequencies of 15 performance indicators were used for the aim of this study. The time interval profiles revealed that the total match time and total stoppage time increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the total ball in play time decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The individual phase activity also indicated a significant decrease p < 0.01). The contact profile revealed that the total tackle time increased significantly (p < 0.01), while the total ruck/maul-, scrum-and line-out-times decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The study revealed that the profile of the South African game has become more continuous, with total time spent at rucks/mauls and between subsequent rucks decreasing. The findings of this study can assist coaches and trainers with information to re-create match situations during training in order to improve performance during match play.

Gas Production, Gas Flaring And Economic Growth Nexus: The Nigerian Experience

Gas flaring has been condemned by scholars and the international community due to its contribution to climate change thereby posing hazards to the environment and its resources. This Paper corroborates this submission by revealing an adverse effect of gas flaring on economic growth of Nigeria. While gas flaring did not help the economy to grow, gas production and population did. Capital formation in its lagsfollowed suit with gas flaring. Thus,if the total stoppage of gas flaring is achieved urgently, it can serve as one way of salvaging the economy from poor growth.

Bio-hydrogen production from waste fermentation: Mixing and static conditions

One of the main disadvantages of the dark fermentation process is the cost associated with the stages needed for obtaining H 2 producing microorganisms. Using anaerobic microflora in fermentation systems directly is an alternative which is gaining special interest when considering the implementation of large-scale plants and the use of wastes as substrate material. The performance of two H 2 producing microflora obtained from different anaerobic cultures was studied in this paper. Inoculum obtained from a waste sludge digester and from a laboratory digester treating slaughterhouse wastes were used to start up H 2 fermentation systems. Inoculum acclimatized to slaughterhouse wastes gave better performance in terms of stability. However, due to the limited availability of this seed material, further work was performed to study the behaviour of the inoculum obtained from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. The process was evaluated under static and mixing conditions. It was found that application of a low organic loading rate favoured the performance of the fermentation systems, and that agitation of the reacting mass could alleviate unsteady performance. Specific H 2 production obtained was in the range of 19–26 L/kg SV fed with maximum peak production of 38–67 L/kg SV fed. Although the performance of the systems was unsteady, recovery could be achieved by suspending the feeding process and controlling the pH in the range of 5.0–5.5. Testing the recovery capacity of the systems under temperature shocks resulted in total stoppage of H 2 production.

Traffic Route Selection by Using A Tabu Search Heuristic.

This letter proposes a new tabu search heuristic to select the optimal traffic route. The traffic network is completely assumed to be covered by a mesh structure. The objective is to minimize total necessary time to the goals of all cars. In the other words, it can be resolved into the minimization of total stoppage time. Each car has been assigned some routes in advance, and then all routes are numbered. Tabu search gives the best route-numbers to all the cars so as to avoid congestion. The method makes use of not only usual tabu lists but also a move frequency-based memory and a residence measure memory.

Impact of real‐time measurements of operating conditions on effectiveness and accuracy of vibration‐based maintenance policy ‐ A case study in paper mill

Relevant and reliable data from the surroundings in addition to the vibration measurements are required to achieve effective diagnosis and prognosis when a vibration‐based maintenance (VBM) policy is used. The main conclusion is that the variation in the machine load and speeds influences the amplitudes of rolling element bearing defect frequencies. Therefore, changes in the machine speed and load should be considered when interpreting vibration spectra. This will improve the effectiveness and accuracy of fault diagnosis and prediction of the time to maintenance action. The paper classifies stoppage times and highlights the reasons behind them. Also, it discusses the consequential economic losses incurred by unplanned stoppages. During the period covered by this study (58 days), the total stoppage time was about 76.6 days and caused appreciable economic losses of about 2.3 million SEK.

Modeling a Variable Thickness Sea Ice Cover

A numerical framework suitable for simulating a variable thickness sea ice cover over a seasonal cycle is presented. This framework is largely based on the ice thickness distribution model developed by Thorndike et al. (1975). However, the numerical scheme is more general and certain additional developments are included. Namely, a fixed depth mixed-layer formulation including open water heat absorption and lateral melting terms is added, and a mechanical redistribution function consistent with hypothesized and observed physics of the ridging process is proposed. The numerical scheme is formulated in a fixed Eulerian grid and allows an arbitrary number of irregularly spaced thickness levels to be considered. Using this numerical framework in conjunction with a previously developed dynamical model (Hibler, 1979) and a thermodynamic model similar to that of Semtner (1975), a seasonal equilibrium simulation of the Arctic Basin ice cover is carried out. This simulation is performed by doing a 5-year numerical integration at 1-day time steps. Shorter sensitivity simulations are also carried out using the fourth year equilibrium simulation results as initial conditions. Input fields include mean monthly air temperatures and dew points for the heat budget computations together with time-varying observed winds over a 1-year period. The equilibrium simulation produces realistic geographical ice thickness variations with April ice thicknesses in excess of 7 m along the Canadian Archipelago and thicknesses of ∼2 m along the Alaskan North Slope. These spatial variations are in good agreement with submarine sonar estimates. In summer a substantial ice-free region forms off the Alaskan and Siberian coasts. While the geographical shape of this edge is in agreement with observations, the amounts of open water (750 km off the Alaskan North Slope in mid August) were excessive. However, only a small (10%) change in the ice albedo under melting conditions yields a much more realistic ice edge in a sensitivity simulation. Geographical changes in the ice thickness characteristics took about 3 years to fully develop. This evolution included the formation of a “shear zone” of higher annual ridge production ∼400 km off the Canadian Archipelago in agreement with ice roughness observations. Simulated mass balance characteristics are significantly affected by ice deformation and ridging. Over 40% of the basin-averaged ice production for January is due to growth over thin ice (<1 m) largely produced by deformation. Over an annual cycle an equivalent thickness of more than 0.5 m of ice is transferred by ridging to categories thicker than 5.17 m. Spatial variations in ridging and open water creation cause a net annual ice ablation of over 1 m of ice off the Canadian Archipelago concomitant with a net annual growth of over 1.8 m off the Alaskan coast. Ice velocity fields were realistic in shape but ∼25% too large in magnitude when compared to net ice station drift over a year. This velocity discrepancy is probably due to rather small central basin ice strengths (∼1.5×104 N m−1 in January). However, increasing the frictional losses assumed in the ridging process by an order of magnitude yields unrealistically small ice velocities in a sensitivity study and results in an almost total stoppage of ice flow in April and May. The sensitivity simulation also has a reduced average annual ice export rate of ∼0.04 Sv as compared to ∼0.09 Sv for the equilibrium simulation.

THE LAW'S DEFECTIVE PREMISE

The laws that could culminate in criminal liability for the proper administration of euthanasia to a severely defective child share one common and basic premise with much of early medical practice in America and with dogmatically held popular beliefs against all euthanasia. This premise antedates and is made obsolete by the rise of modern health sciences and medical technology. The defective premise is that life, whatever its form, nature, or content, is necessarily and always a good, and that death, on any event that hastens death, is always and necessarily an evil and should be illegal. Law has a felt obligation to protect life to the fullest for each individual and seeks to assure each person's right to live out his life until its natural and inevitable end, which is legally defined as "cessation," meaning a total stoppage of the circulation of the blood and a cessation of all the animal and vital functions resting on blood circulation, such as pulse, respiration, etc. The problem is that, as commendatory as the law is in this regard, the law's basic premise applies only to the usual and ordinary person and was created with him in mind.... [T] his commonly shared premise is false. There simply is no plain, straightforward, and necessary connection between all human life itself, in each and every instance, whatever its character, and its always being a good.

Influence of Antibiotics on Spermatogenesis

Male rats were studied as to the effects of 10 urologic antibiotics relative to spermatogenesis. Gentamicin sulfate effect in humans was also studied. After 8 days of therapy the animals were sacrificed and modifications of spermatogenesis were studied. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase lactic dehydrogenase slow (IsoS) and fast (Iso F) isoenzymes succinic dehydrogenase and glutamic dehydrogenase were investigated. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was studied by Feulgens reaction test. Morphologic studies were made with the hemalum-eosin stain. The effect of each group of drugs varied but did not correspond to any chemical or microbiological classification. The observed action of antibiotics seemed specific to germ cells. With intestinal tissue no mitotic alterations were found. In human testes biopsies from patients treated with gentamicin prior to prostatic operatons meiosis stoppage with an increase of normal and abnormal spermatocytes I was seen. The main effect of antibiotics on human testes was stoppage of spermatogenesis with incomplete or total stoppage of spermatogonia divisions and perturbed meiosis in most spermatocytes.

Cytological aberrations produced by methotrexate in mouse ascites tumours

The cytological effects have been studied of methotrexate administered in single doses on a hypertriploid ascites tumour in the mouse, which seems to be sensitive to this drug. The drug produced almost total stoppage of the mitotic index, which was maintained for 50 h after administration. The occurrence of fractures in both chromosomes and chromatids in metaphase was the most frequently observed anomaly, sometimes reaching an incidence of 100%. Chromosomal bridges were found in the anaphase in up to 60% of the cells.

Camiones y dumpers organización del transporte de materiales

The transport of materials implies an initial phase of organisation, during which information is collected. This is followed by a second one, in which the personnel and equipment have to be prepared. The first phase should include the inspection and study of the loading and unloading zones, the itinerary, the intermediate parking zones, security measures, estimate of overall needs and a circulation and transport plan. To estimate the material requirements it is necessary to determine the mean velocity of the transport units, and so calculate the average efficiency and the best compromise between the transport units to be employed and the capacity of the loading equipment. If there is a single line of transport, a safety factor must be introduced to avoid total stoppage of the loading machinery if there is no available transport vehicle. If the transport itinerary is variable, the critical distance will have to be worked out, such that for greater distances an additional transport unit should be added, to avoid the loading equipment being forced to work below its economical rate. These recommendations are not rigid, since the solution to be adopted will always depend finally on the flexibility of the total means that are available for use at a given moment. As the general circumstances vary, in the course of a given project, the optimum method of handling a given difficulty will also vary.