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2966 Articles

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  • Total Soil Organic Carbon
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Assessing Deadwood Carbon Stock within the National Parks of Indonesia

The preservation of national parks has emerged as a significant component of Indonesia’s climate mitigation efforts, primarily due to its substantial carbon stocks. However, little is known about the potential carbon stored in deadwoods within these areas. This study aims to estimate fallen deadwood carbon stocks in four national parks in Indonesia. The results show that the density of deadwood in study areas ranges from 0.26 – 0.79 g cm-3. Deadwood volume varies between 247.37 – 388.50 cm3. Bukit Tigapuluh National Park has the highest fallen deadwood biomass and carbon stock, accounting for 261.35 and 122.83 tons ha-1, respectively, followed by Sebangau National Park (187.41 and 88.08 tons ha-1), Kutai National Park (139.91 and 65.76 tons ha-1) and Lore Lindu National Park (87.90 and 41.32 tons ha-1). This study also found that large deadwood with diameters of >7.5 cm contributes to more than 80% of the total deadwood carbon stock. Understanding the carbon stock stored in deadwood within national park areas is crucial for refining estimates of potential avoided greenhouse gas emissions resulting from the conservation of national park forests.

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  • Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
  • Apr 20, 2024
Open Access
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Life cycle assessment of urban road networks: Quantifying carbon footprints and forecasting future material stocks

This study introduces a comprehensive framework designed to assess the carbon footprint of urban road networks, covering all stages from production to maintenance. Complementing this framework, a dedicated prediction model is also developed. Utilizing a machine learning methodology, specifically the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT) algorithm, this model aims to accurately predict the material stock of urban road networks, thereby enhancing the overall understanding of their environmental impact. A case study focusing on Nanjing's infrastructure revealed that material production constitutes 78 % of the total emissions. Additionally, it was observed that the growth in the carbon footprint of Nanjing's urban road network has slowed down in recent years. The machine learning-based model, analyzing data from 2014 to 2020, accurately predicted the total material stock for 2021 and the stocks of different road construction materials, with a relative error under 2 %. This approach aids in the design of carbon-neutral urban transport systems and represents a stride in combating climate change.

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  • Construction and Building Materials
  • Apr 18, 2024
  • Bin Yu + 11
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Plankton in the Gulf of Alaska and its contribution to feeding of pacific salmons in spring of 2020

Results of the plankton survey conducted in the Gulf of Alaska, including EEZ of Canada, aboard RV Pacific Legacy No. 1 in March-April of 2020 are presented. The samples of plankton were collected in regular grid of stations and processed according to the methodologies adopted in TINRO. The mean total biomass of zooplankton was estimated as 301.9 mg/m3 , of phytoplankton — as 41.9 mg/m3 . The large-sized fraction of zooplankton dominated (on average 214.6 mg/m3 , or 71 % of the total biomass), the portions of the smalland medium-sized fractions were 16 % and 13 %, respectively. Because of spring blooming development, both phyto- and zooplankton biomasses were increased southward from 3.2 and 188.3 mg/m3 in the northern area of the gulf to 87.9–34.6 and 305.4–397.7 mg/m3 in its central and southern areas, on average. The biomass of small- and medium-sized fractions (presented by copepods Pseudocalanus, Oithona similis, eggs and nauplii of copepods, copepodites, juvenile pteropods, hyperiids and euphausiids, and larvae of siphonophore) had slightly increased in the southern area to 50–60 and 35–38 mg/m3 , respectively, whereas the biomass of largesized fraction presented mainly by copepods (49 %) and arrowworms (36 %) had increased from 118.9 mg/m3 in the north to 293.6 mg/m3 in the south. Boreal species, as Neocalanus cristatus, N. plumchrus/N. flemingeri, Eucalanus bungii, and Metridia pacifica dominated in the zooplankton biomass.The total stock of zooplankton in the Gulf of Alaska in March-April of 2020 was amounted in 39798 . 103 t that was higher than in February-March of 2019 (25517 . 103 t), obviously because of the spring bloom beginning. Correspondingly, distribution density of phyto- and zooplankton was 8.5 and 61.4 t/km2 in March-April of 2020 against 1.0 and 36.6 t/km2 in February-March of 2019. The largest increasing was noted for the small-sized fraction (in 2 times, to 9.7 t/km2 ) and medium-sized fraction (in 4 times, to 8.0 t/km2 ), whereas the increasing for large-sized animals was moderate — from 31.0 t/km2 in 2019 to 43.6 t/km2 in 2020, and the density of euphausiids did not increase (0.8 t/km2 in both years for Euphasia pacifica). The total stock of large-sized fraction had increased from 21650 . 103 t in 2019 to 28920 . 103 t in 2020.The diet of pacific salmon corresponded with the species composition and biomass of the large-sized fraction of zooplankton, with predominance of euphausiids, pteropods, jellyfish, hyperiids, and oikopleura. The main consumers were the most abundant fish groups, as chum salmon with size of 35–60 cm and coho salmon of 30–50 cm found mainly in the central and southern areas of the gulf. E. pacifica were the favorite prey for all salmon species (67–80 % of food weight), except coho salmon — this species preferred squids (77.6 %). Monthly grazing of zooplankton by salmons in the Gulf of Alaska is estimated as 30.175 . 103 tons that is an insignificant portion of its large-sized fraction stock, so the feeding conditions during the survey are considered as favorable for pacific salmons. However, the consumption is possibly underestimated because of low biomass of consumers in the winter-spring season. Spatial and temporal variations of fish aggregations driven by variability of water temperature and other abiotic factors should be accounted for adequate evaluation of the feeding conditions.

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  • Izvestiya TINRO
  • Apr 11, 2024
  • N. А. Kuznetsova
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A Multi-Objective Scenario Study of County Land Use in Loess Hilly Areas: Taking Lintao County as an Example

Land use serves as a connecting link between human activities and the natural ecology of the surface; under the multi-objective background of national policies and dual-carbon tasks, land use transformation is studied and simulated in multiple scenarios, and carbon stock changes are analyzed based on future land use to explore the path for a region to achieve multi-objective coordination. Drawing upon land use data from 2000 to 2020 in Lintao County, Gansu Province, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the dynamics governing land use transformation. Subsequently, employing the FLUS (Future Land Use Simulation) model, we simulated the projected land use for Lintao County in 2035 under various scenarios. Furthermore, we utilized the InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs) model to assess the change in carbon stock within the study area under each scenario. These analyses aim to furnish a robust scientific foundation for future land use planning endeavors in Lintao County. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The land use transition in Lintao County from 2000 to 2020 showed the strongest motivation for construction land growth, with continued rapid growth in the scale of urban land and other construction land and relatively slow growth in the land for rural settlement areas, while cropland and water areas continued to decrease, forest land grew slowly, the magnitude of land use change exhibited a higher intensity in river townships compared with mountainous townships. (2) The simulation results of cropland protection scenario (CPS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), economic development scenario (EDS), and comprehensive development scenario (CDS) in 2035 are better. Among them, the CDS, which considers various types of higher-level strategic requirements and can compensate for the single-goal nature of the single-demand scenario, demonstrates a higher level of rationality in the land use pattern. (3) The total carbon stock in descending order is the EPS, CDS, EDS, and CPS. Among these, the CDS is at a higher level of total carbon stock, and the changes in carbon stock in each land use site are more balanced, which is an ideal carbon stock state and a scenario more in line with multi-objective coordination.

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  • Sustainability
  • Apr 10, 2024
  • Zhanfu Luo + 4
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Fractions of Organic Matter and Soil Carbon Balance in Different Phases of an Agroforestry System in the Cerrado: A Ten-Year Field Assessment

Integrated production systems composed of trees, crops and pastures have shown good results in improving soil quality and the capacity to store carbon in the soil, being efficient in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Despite this, changes in carbon stocks and soil organic matter fractions in the initial stages of implementing an agroforestry system remain unclear. This study evaluated the carbon balance and the dynamics of soil organic matter fractions in an agroforestry system conducted over a decade. Total carbon, labile carbon, carbon from particulate organic matter, organic carbon associated with minerals and inert carbon were determined at depths 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm. Soil carbon stocks were also estimated for the 0–40 cm depth. Total carbon increased in the agroforestry system compared with a low-productivity pasture. The total carbon stock in the last growing season (68.57 Mg ha−1) was close to the original soil stocks under native Cerrado vegetation (76.5 Mg ha−1). After 10 years, there was a positive balance in the soil carbon stock of both the total carbon and the soil organic matter fractions. The successional agroforestry system is a good alternative to increasing soil total carbon stocks and labile and non-labile fractions of soil organic matter.

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  • Soil Systems
  • Apr 10, 2024
  • Juscelina Arcanjo Dos Santos + 7
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Spatial–Temporal Pattern Analysis and Development Forecasting of Carbon Stock Based on Land Use Change Simulation: A Case Study of the Xiamen–Zhangzhou–Quanzhou Urban Agglomeration, China

The spatial–temporal distribution and evolution characteristics of carbon stock under the influence of land use changes are crucial to the scientific management of environmental resources and the optimization of land spatial layout. Taking the Xiamen–Zhangzhou–Quanzhou urban agglomeration in the southeastern coastal region of China as an example, based on seven land use types from 1990 to 2020, including cultivated land, woodland, and construction land, we quantitatively investigate the spatial–temporal patterns of carbon stock development and the spatial correlation of carbon stock distribution. Additionally, two scenarios for the development of urban and ecological priorities in 2060 are established to investigate the effects of land use changes on carbon stock. The results indicate that (1) the research area has formed a land use spatial pattern centered around urban construction in the eastern bay area, with the western forest area and coastal forest belt serving as ecological barriers. Carbon stock is influenced by land use type, and the distribution of total carbon stock exhibits a spatial aggregation phenomenon characterized by “low in the southeast, high in the north, and medium in the center”. (2) Distance of trunk and secondary roads, elevation, slope, watershed borders, population size, and gross domestic product (GDP) factors are the main drivers of the growth of land use types. The primary causes of the reduction in carbon stock are the widespread conversion of cultivated land, woodland, and grassland into construction land, as well as water and unused land. (3) In 2060, there will be a decrease of 41,712,443.35 Mg in the urban priority development scenario compared to 2020, and a decrease of 29,577,580.48 Mg in the ecological priority development scenario. The estimated carbon stock under the two scenarios varies by 12,134,862.88 Mg. The average carbon storage of Zhangpu County, Quangang County, and Jimei County is expected to rise by one level under the ecological protection scenario, indicating that the vast forest area can become a potential area to maintain carbon stock. It is crucial to encourage the coordinated development of peri-urban agroforestry and ecological barriers, as well as to establish a harmonious spatial pattern of land use and carbon stock at the scale of urban agglomerations.

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  • Land
  • Apr 7, 2024
  • Suiping Zeng + 3
Open Access
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Analysis of Arch Bridge Condition Data to Identify Network-Wide Controls and Trends

This paper outlines an initial analysis of 20 years of data held on an electronic bridge management database for approximately 3500 arch bridges across Northern Ireland (NI) by the Department for Infrastructure. Arch bridges represent the largest group of bridge types, making up nearly 56% of the total bridge stock in NI. This initial analysis aims to identify trends that might help inform maintenance decisions in the future. Consideration of the Bridge Condition Indicator (BCI) average value for the overall arch bridge stock indicates the potential for regional variations in the overall condition and the potential for human bias in inspections. The paper presents the most prevalent structural elements and associated defects recorded in the inspections of arch bridges. This indicated a link to scour and undermining for the worst-conditioned arch bridges. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis identified function, number of spans, and deck width as significant factors during the various deterioration stages in a bridge’s lifecycle.

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  • Infrastructures
  • Apr 4, 2024
  • Kristopher Campbell + 3
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Carbon stock of shatto forest along altitudinal gradients in masha district, southwest ethiopia: a contribution to climate change mitigation

Forests play a significant role in climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration from the atmosphere and retaining carbon in above and belowground biomass of trees, litter biomass and soil. However, there is little empirical data on the potential carbon stock of Ethiopia’s various forests. Therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the carbon stock potential of Shatto Forest along altitudinal gradients and its contribution to climate change mitigation in Masha district, southwest Ethiopia. Using a systematic sampling design, a total of 30 plots measuring 20 x 20 m were established at 200 m intervals along seven transect lines in order to inventory the woody species. Within the main plot, a 1 m x 1 m sub-plot was used to collect soil samples and litter biomass. The biomass carbon stock was estimated using allometric equations. Results revealed that the mean total carbon stock of the study forest was 714.4 ton/ha, of which 337.38ton/ha, 67.48 ton/ha, 0.79 ton/ha and 308.75 ton/ha were stored in the aboveground carbon, belowground carbon, leaf litter carbon and soil organic carbon, respectively. The mean total CO2 equivalent of the study forest was also 2621.85 ton/ha. Along the altitudinal gradients of the study forest, the total carbon stocks contributed by the forest varied significantly at (p < 0.05), with the largest stock found at lower elevation and the lowest stock found at higher elevation. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that the forest under investigation possessed a substantial carbon stock capacity, allowing it to sequester a significant amount of CO2 and mitigate climate change while offering other ecosystem services. Thus, in order to optimize the forest’s capacity to store carbon and obtain the financial benefits of CO2 mitigation, reduced emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) program in the area should be integrated with carbon sequestration.

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  • Forest Science and Technology
  • Apr 2, 2024
  • Solomon Tadesse + 1
Open Access
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Forest carbon storage and sink estimates under different management scenarios in China from 2020 to 2100

Forests play a crucial role in mitigating climate change through carbon storage and sequestration, though environmental change drivers and management scenarios are likely to influence these contributions across multiple spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we employed three tree growth models—the Richard, Hossfeld, and Korf models—that account for the biological characteristics of trees, alongside national forest inventory (NFI) datasets from 1994 to 2018, to evaluate the carbon sink potential of existing forests and afforested regions in China from 2020 to 2100, assuming multiple afforestation and forest management scenarios. Our results indicate that the Richard, Hossfeld, and Korf models provided a good fit for 26 types of vegetation biomass in both natural and planted Chinese forests. These models estimate that in 2020, carbon stocks in existing Chinese forests are 7.62 ± 0.05 Pg C, equivalent to an average of 44.32 ± 0.32 Mg C/ ha. Our predictions then indicate this total forest carbon stock is expected to increase to 15.51 ± 0.99 Pg C (or 72.26 ± 4.6 Mg C/ha) in 2060, and further to 19.59 ± 1.36 Pg C (or 91.31 ± 6.33 Mg C/ha) in 2100. We also show that plantation management measures, namely tree species replacement, would increase carbon sinks to 0.09 Pg C/ year (contributing 38.9 %) in 2030 and 0.06 Pg C/ year (contributing 32.4 %) in 2060. Afforestation using tree species with strong carbon sink capacity in existing plantations would further significantly increase carbon sinks from 0.02 Pg C/year (contributing 10.3 %) in 2030 to 0.06 Pg C/year (contributing 28.2 %) in 2060. Our results quantify the role plantation management plays in providing a strong increase in forest carbon sequestration at national scales, pointing to afforestation with native tree species with high carbon sequestration as key in achieving China's 2060 carbon neutrality target.

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  • Science of The Total Environment
  • Apr 2, 2024
  • Jianghuan Qin + 5
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The potential of seagrass ecosystems in Waai and Liang coastal waters on Ambon Island as carbon storage sites

Seagrass ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that can absorb carbon and subsequently store it at a high capacity. This research aimed to study carbon stocks in biomass based on seagrass type and density, differences in carbon stocks between below-ground and above-ground, and the potential for carbon storage of the seagrass ecosystem on the coast of Waai and Liang, Ambon Island. Five seagrass species species were found, including Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Halodule pinifolia, Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea rotundata,. Based on the results, halassia hemprichii was predominant in Liang waters and Halodule pinifolia was predominant in Waai waters. The highest seagrass biomass in both the below ground and above ground was found for Cymodocea rotundata in Waai waters and Thalassia hemprichii in Liang waters. The total carbon stock in Liang waters was 39.75 gC/m2, whereas that in Waai waters was 56.46 gC/m2. The results showed that the total carbon stock below ground was much greater than above ground, suggesting that more carbon is stored below seagrass substrate than above it in both Waai and Liang coastal waters.

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  • IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
  • Apr 1, 2024
  • J V T Hetharia + 3
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Estimated Tree Carbon Reserves and Saplings in the Nagari Sumpur Kudus Social Forestry Area, Sijunjung Regency

The forest within The Social Forestry of Nagari Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung Regency has the ability to store carbon reserves. The forest area located in the highlands shows a lot of biodiversity, influenced by the ability of the forest to maintain carbon stocks and diverse plant species in the area. The purpose of this study is to determine the total biomass and total carbon stocks stored in the Social Forestry Area of Nagari Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung Regency. This research was conducted from May to October 2023. Taking at tree and sapling strata uses a nondestructive sampling method. From the results, it is obtained that the three strata are as many as 14 families and 14 species. The sapling strata is obtained from as many as 17 families and 37 species. The total above-ground biomass is l78,97 ton/ha consisting of 177,83 ton/ha tree biomass and 1,13 ton/ha sapling biomass. The total above-ground carbon stock is 86,11 ton/ha consisting of tree carbon stock 85,58 ton/ha and sapling carbon stock 0,53 ton/ha. The Social Forestry Area of Nagari Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung Regency has the potential to store carbon stocks which is included in the medium category and need to be maintained.

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  • Jurnal Biologi Tropis
  • Mar 29, 2024
  • Falencia Mauri Amanda + 3
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Blue Carbon Potential of Mangrove Ecosystem on the Coast of Negeri Waai, Central Maluku Regency

The mangrove ecosystem contributes to climate change mitigation by absorbing carbon dioxide gas. The shoreline of Negeri Waai, Central Maluku Regency (CMR), becomes one of Indonesia's promising mangrove ecosystem habitats for carbon absorption. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the blue carbon potential of mangroves on the coast of Negeri Waai, CMR. This research collected data using the quadrant transect method (10 x 10 m) and placed randomly in 65 quadrants. The analysis of blue carbon potential used an allometric approach to above and below-ground biomass (AGB and BGB). The results showed that the total blue carbon mangrove stock on the coast of Negeri Waai was 73.22 ton C/ha, consisting of 49.44 tons C/ha above-ground carbon (AGC) and 23.78 tons C/ha below-ground carbon (BGC). Sonneratia alba contributed the most extensive carbon stock, namely 70.69 ton C/ha, consisting of 47.53 tons C/ha AGC and 23.16 tons C/ha BGC. This result was relatively low compared to the global average of blue carbon in mangroves, 134 ton C/ha. Based on this result, efforts were needed to restore the mangrove ecosystem, increase the potential for carbon absorption, and mitigate climate change.

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  • Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan
  • Mar 25, 2024
  • Rahman Rahman + 2
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The geoecological analysis of Lake Tuchne (Volyn Polissia) and assessment of sapropel reserves in it

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine, which began in 2015, opened up prospects for newly created territorial communities to determine the resource potential of local territories under control and develop strategies for balanced nature use and their progressive development. The lakes, which have a significant potential for sapropel resources, take an important place in the Polissia region of Ukraine. Given the above, there is a need for a comprehensive study of specific lakes and justification of recommendations for the rational use and protection of their water and sapropel resources. The object of our research is Lake Tuchne, Volyn Polissia. The catchment area of Lake Tuchne is 10.05 km2, and the reservoir itself is 0.39 km2. A bathymetric model of the lake was built with a depth interval of 0.5 m. The vegetation index (NDVI) for the reservoir over the past five years has been varying from -0.53 (12/02/2021) to +0.48 (07/15/2021). The research presents a stratigraphic section of the reservoir sediments. The area of accumulated sapropel is 20.5 hectares, the average thickness is 4.46 m, and the maximum is 10.0 m. The ash content of sapropel varies within 17.5-37.5% (on dry substance). The content of Fe2O3 in the core ranges from 2.53% to 7.26%. The distribution of CaO compounds in the samples ranges from 2.09 to 8.12%. The CO2 content varies from 1.97 to 9.72%. The concentration of Р2О5 in sapropel samples is 0.19-0.53%. The distribution of S in sapropel deposits ranges from 0.23 to 1.09%. The pH (salt extract) distribution in the core samples varies from moderately alkaline (7.63) to close to neutral – 5.97. A digital landscape map of the lake was constructed with the selection of the littoral and sublittoral-profundal aqua sub-areas and five types of aquafacies. A landscape-metric analysis of the natural and aquatic complex of the lake was carried out. The potential of water resources of Tuchne lake is 827.0 thousand m3. Sapropel reserves of category A are 914,000 m3, and based on a conditional 60.0% humidity, they are 155,000 tons. The species composition of sapropel is represented by zoogenic, organo-ferrous, and organo-limestone species. The total stock of sapropel in the lake basin is 52.5% of its volume. The reservoir is promising for extracting sapropel due to its quality characteristics and hydro-technical prerequisites for operation. Mined sapropel can be used in agriculture, medicine, recreation, etc. Implementing this task will improve the geoecological state of the lake and the quality of its water resources.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

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  • Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology
  • Mar 25, 2024
  • Vitalii O Martyniuk + 4
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Optimizing high-dimensional forestry for wood production and carbon sinks

Our model for optimizing stand-level wood production and carbon sinks includes individual-tree models for forest growth, an advanced model for soil carbon, detailed wood production economy, and an intertemporal objective for the value of wood production and carbon sinks/emissions. Carbon stocks include aboveground biomass and carbon in forest soil and in wood products. Optimization of the management regime, rotations and thinning timing, and type and intensity are carried out by reinforcement learning. Including the social price of carbon causes a regime switch from continuous cover forestry to clear-cuts, postponed lighter thinning, and a longer rotation, and with a high carbon price, to solutions with pure clear-cuts or solutions utilizing stands as pure carbon stocks. Carbon price has profound effects on stand values, and the bare land value may well exceed the value before a clear-cut. The total average carbon stock is maximized with harvest and a long rotation instead of “no harvesting”. Bioenergy, carbon capture, and storage (BECCS) always increases the value of wood production but not necessarily the value of carbon sinks. With BECCS, increasing carbon stocks in trees and forest soil remains optimal.

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  • Canadian Journal of Forest Research
  • Mar 22, 2024
  • Olli Tahvonen + 3
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Root‐zone enrichment of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under grazing and other land uses in a humid‐temperate region

AbstractGrazing lands can be considered a conservation land use providing value to farmers and society. An underappreciated value of these lands may be in C and N storage and cycling. However, soil organic C (SOC) and total soil N (TSN) storage under humid‐temperate zone pastures have not been well characterized. A survey of 31 farms in Virginia USA characterized SOC and TSN depth distributions under a diversity of grassland management scenarios, as well as in comparison with long‐term no‐till cropland and woodland uses on the same farms. Root‐zone enrichment calculations separated management‐controlled SOC and TSN stocks from a baseline condition characterized at 30‐cm depth. Total stock of SOC at 0–30‐cm depth varied from 46 to 88 Mg C ha−1 (5%–95% range from 304 soil profiles) across all land uses. Root‐zone enrichment of SOC was maximized under mature pastures (≥20 years old) at 38.3 ± 1.6 Mg C ha−1, which was not different from that under woodland (39.8 ± 1.2 Mg C ha−1), but was greater than under no‐till cropland (28.3 ± 1.3 Mg C ha−1) and conventional‐till cropland (15.1 ± 5.1 Mg C ha−1). Root‐zone enrichment of TSN was optimized at stocking rate of ~1 Mg live weight ha−1, but was not affected by stocking method, N fertilization history, or low levels of hay feeding. These results suggest that grazed pastures in Virginia are storing significant amounts of SOC and TSN, with at least half due to management‐induced compared with pedogenic‐controlled accumulation.

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  • Grass and Forage Science
  • Mar 22, 2024
  • Alan Franzluebbers
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Soil carbon stock potential in pastoral and silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon

Research evaluating the impact of silvopastoral systems on physical and biological properties of Amazonian soils is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to compare the soil carbon storage potential and physical and chemical soil properties of silvopastoral systems (SPS) and conventional pastoral systems (CPS) in the San Martin region of Peru. Using the Walkley and Black method, we analyzed soil organic matter at two different depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm). In addition, bulk density, soil moisture, total porosity, and mechanical resistance were measured in both systems. The highest (P < 0.05) carbon stocks were reported at 0–15 cm of depth with values of 31.4 Mg ha−1 and 34.4 Mg ha−1 for CPS and SPS, respectively. At 15–30 cm depth, the total carbon stock was higher for SPS, with 29.12 Mg ha−1, than for CPS, which had 26.4 Mg ha−1. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences, soil carbon stocks were higher in SPS. No significant differences in soil moisture were found between systems, although soil moisture was slightly greater in SPS than CPS (28 and 25%, respectively). The CPS had 59% of the total porosity, which was higher than the SPS. Mechanical resistance was lower in SPS (2.15 kg/cm2) than in CPS (2.33 kg/cm2) at 10 cm of depth. These results indicated that the SPS has the potential to store more carbon and improve physical and chemical traits in the soil than the CPS.

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  • Agroforestry Systems
  • Mar 20, 2024
  • Rosario Salazar + 5
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Forest Carbon Modeling in Poplar and Black Locust Short Rotation Coppice Plantation in Hungary

Forest carbon dynamic modeling for estimating the carbon stock in short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation in Hungary will be vital for better comprehending the role of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and poplar (Populus sp.) in carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere. The research aims were to estimate the potential carbon stock and describe the carbon distribution of the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation above and below ground. Various sources were used to acquire parameterization data for developing forest carbon dynamic models. CO2FIX modeling V.3.2 was utilized in the data analysis to estimate the total carbon stock in biomass, soil, harvested wood products, and bioenergy compartments. Modeling has been around for 45 years. In this research, the total carbon stock of black locust and poplar at the end of the simulation period was 64.13 and 131.08 MgC.ha-1, respectively. The average carbon allocation above and below ground for black locust and poplar was 0.76, 19.76, 1.80, and 21.67 MgC.ha-1, respectively. In conclusion, poplar outperformed black locust regarding carbon storage in the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation. Below ground carbon allocation was much higher than above ground. Therefore, more attention should be paid on below ground allocation through environmentally friendly soil management. Keywords: bioenergy plantation, carbon dynamics, climate change mitigation, CO2FIX model, fast growing species

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  • Jurnal Sylva Lestari
  • Mar 19, 2024
  • Budi Mulyana + 2
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Structural diversity and carbon stocks in a tropical semi-evergreen forest in Bangladesh

Tropical forests are well-known as highly productive terrestrial ecosystems, which contribute significantly to the global carbon (C) cycle. Studies indicate a correlation between the structural diversity of forests and carbon stocks in the overall forest carbon stocks, and this relationship varies across tropical ecosystems. Understanding this connection is crucial to preventing the transfer of threats to unprotected areas when safeguarding specific forests. The present study was conducted in the undisturbed natural forests of Rema Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Habigonj, Bangladesh. The study aimed to estimate C stocks within the soil-vegetation system of this forest ecosystem and elucidate relationships with stand structural diversity, focusing on vertical stratification and spatial association of tree species. Stand-level C stock models, constructed through tree-level carbon stocks using allometric equations, were based on stand variables such as basal area and mean or dominant tree height. Results identified five canopy strata, with strata two and three accounting for 60% of C stocks. The importance value index of tree species demonstrated a significant association with the C stocks contribution of tree species. The total ecosystem carbon stock ranged from 185 to 220 Mg ha−1, with aboveground 103 to 132 Mg ha−1, belowground 21 to 26 Mg ha−1, litter 2.4 to 4.4 Mg ha−1, dead wood 0.5 to 4.9 Mg ha−1 and soil 11 to 44 Mg ha−1. Species diversity indices exhibited weaker relationships with C stocks, while Pielou's evenness index demonstrated a strong negative relationship (P < 0.05) to C stocks. This comprehensive assessment provides insights into the C dynamics of the forest ecosystem. It offers valuable information for policymakers devising climate change mitigation strategies through the conservation management of tropical forests as crucial C sinks.

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  • Trees, Forests and People
  • Mar 5, 2024
  • Md Nabiul Islam Khan + 5
Open Access
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The inclusion of Amazon mangroves in Brazil’s REDD+ program

The Legal Amazon of Brazil holds vast mangrove forests, but a lack of awareness of their value has prevented their inclusion into results-based payments established by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Based on an inventory from over 190 forest plots in Amazon mangroves, we estimate total ecosystem carbon stocks of 468 ± 67 Megagrams (Mg) ha−1; which are significantly higher than Brazilian upland biomes currently included into national carbon offset financing. Conversion of mangroves results in potential emissions of 1228 Mg CO2e ha−1, which are 3-fold higher than land use emissions from conversion of the Amazon rainforest. Our work provides the foundation for the inclusion of mangroves in Brazil’s intended Nationally Determined Contribution, and here we show that halting mangrove deforestation in the Legal Amazon would generate avoided emissions of 0.9 ± 0.3 Teragrams (Tg) CO2e yr−1; which is equivalent to the annual carbon accumulation in 82,400 ha of secondary forests.

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  • Nature Communications
  • Mar 4, 2024
  • Angelo F Bernardino + 8
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Patchiness-driven loss of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen could be offset by vegetation recovery

Patchiness acts as an indicator of terrestrial ecosystem degradation and can lead to considerable loss of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen. However, quantitative assessments of the effects of patchiness on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks and their associated mechanisms remain limited. This study aimed to explore the influence mechanisms of patchiness on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks and to project the quantitative contribution of the further expansion of patchiness and vegetation recovery. Soil properties, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks were investigated using a combination of field sampling and aerial photography in four grassland types, alpine meadow, alpine steppe, temperate grassland, and desert grassland, at 47 sites in northwestern China. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen densities in the bare patches were 34–54 % and 23–41 % lower, respectively, compared to the original vegetation. At the plot-scale, current soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks ranged from 30.85 to 77.80 T/ha and 3.26 to 10.19 T/ha, respectively, across grassland types; with a 10–27 % and 7–24 % potential loss of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks, respectively, from the further expansion of patchiness but a 10–50 % and 9–37 % potential increase in soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks, respectively, from vegetation recovery. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks were positively correlated with vegetation biomass, soil clay content, and precipitation (p < 0.001), whereas they were negatively correlated with patchiness (p < 0.001). In summary, patchiness reduced soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks by decreasing vegetation inputs and increasing erosion outputs, while vegetation recovery showed potential for increasing carbon and nitrogen stocks. Our results highlight that maintaining intact vegetation cover is critical for preserving terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen storage.

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  • Catena
  • Mar 2, 2024
  • Yu Qin + 7
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