Total Space Research Articles

Joint Damage and Low Lean Body Mass in a Cohort of Peruvian Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

To determine the association between radiologic joint damage (JD) and a lower lean body mass (LBM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. A cross-sectional study from a single center established RA cohort. JD and appendicular LBM (arms and legs) were measured with the Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) score and dual x-ray absorptiometry expressed as kg/m 2 , respectively. A univariable analysis was used to determine the association between JD an LBM; then, a multivariable regression model was performed to evaluate the persistence of this association, adjusted by age, gender, disease duration, socioeconomic status (by the Graffar method), tobacco use, anticitrullinated protein antibody levels, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints for RA with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glucocorticoid use (as prednisone equivalent), disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use, body mass index, and disability (by the multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire). Two hundred forty-seven patients were included; the average (SD) age was 63.0 (12.8) years, disease duration 20 (15.00) years, the total SvdH was 66 (86.75), and the aLBM was 13.6 (3.82) kg/m 2 . In the univariable analysis, a lower appendicular LBM was associated with higher SvdH score on the female population, in terms of the total ( B = -8.6, p < 0.01), bone erosion (-4.4, p < 0.01), and joint space narrowing (-4.2, p < 0.01) scores; this correlation remained in the multivariable analysis in terms of total SvdH ( B = -9.5, p < 0.01), bone erosion (-5.2, p < 0.01), and joint space narrowing (-4.3, p < 0.01). A lower LBM in female patients was associated with more severe JD independently of other variables examined. Strategies aimed at preserving LBM could have a favorable impact on the course of disease.

Interpretable machine learning boosting the discovery of targeted organometallic compounds with optimal bandgap

Organometallic compounds (OMCs) have attracted tremendous attention in various fields, such as photovoltaic cell and high-k dielectric application, due to their beneficial properties. Despite their potential, the progression of OMCs into industrial applications is hindered by the limited databases available for their properties and the absence of efficient surrogate models. To address this, in this study, optimally selected feature-based surrogate models for predicting the electronic properties of OMCs are constructed via various multiscale features and extensive database. To this end, high-throughput calculation was performed to obtain electronic properties of more than 18k materials generally known as organometallics, augmenting around 12k organic materials obtained from the public open data set, OMDB-GAP1. For generating features closely related to OMCs, descriptors encapsulating the information ranging local to global, also other widely-used composition-, structure-based features (more than 3.5k in total) were employed. Among these descriptors, we identified 48 critical features that elucidates the physicochemical underpinnings of OMCs’ properties, suggesting their impact on the properties of OMCs. The light gradient boosting machine model achieved high-accuracy predictions across the entire database with just 1 % of the total descriptors, sufficiently compared to the entire sets (decreased of around 0.01 by R2 score and 0.01 eV by MAE). Furthermore, the efficacy of active learning process was demonstrated to find OMCs with optimal properties rapidly. As a result, expected improvement outperforms other methods by identifying 69 % of the target materials only searching 46 % of the total search space. Our constructed platform with a high-throughput calculated database can pave the way for the rapid screening of OMCs for the targeted industrial application, and suggest a comprehensive grasp of the intrinsic properties of OMCs and related compounds.

When does greener mean slimmer? Longitudinal analysis of green space, trees, grass, and body mass index in a cohort of 50,672 Australians: Exploring potential non-linearities and modifying influences of household relocation and gender

Studies of associations between green space and overweight/obesity are often agnostic to green space type and potential contingencies by gender and household relocation. We investigated associations between total green space, tree canopy, and open grass within 1.6 km road network buffers, on body mass index (BMI) at baseline (n = 110,234; 2005–2009) and follow-up (n=50,672; 2012–2015) using data from the Sax’s Institute’s 45 and Up Study (NSW, Australia). Analyses considered potential non-linearities in these associations and the possibility for effect modification by gender and household relocation. Models were adjusted for age, couple status, region of birth, household income, employment status, educational attainment and housing status. Results revealed that 20 % or more tree canopy, compared to 0–10 % tree canopy was associated with lower BMI. Comparable findings were not observed for open grass or total green space. Nonlinear associations were observed, with a rapid decrease in odds of being overweight/obese at baseline with 20 % tree canopy, that became more stable by 30 % tree canopy. This non-linearity was stronger in females than males. By follow-up, associations indicated potential protective effects with 20 % or more tree canopy for overweight/obesity in females. Logistic regression models examined the odds of becoming a healthy weight at follow-up in overweight/obese individuals at baseline. Results indicated a potentially protective influence of tree canopy on overweight/obesity for people who did not move home (odds ratio (OR) = 1.06, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.12), but not those who relocated (OR = 0.97, 95 % CI = 0.83–1.11). In sum, conserving and restoring urban tree canopy to at least 20% to 30% of nearby land-use may help to reduce levels of overweight and obesity in the community These benefits may be particularly potent for females and for people who are residentially stable. More open grass, or green space in general, may not have the same benefits for adult overweight/obesity as tree canopy.

The spatial heterogeneity of urban green space distribution and configuration in Lilongwe City, Malawi.

Urban green spaces provide several benefits related to the quality of urban life. The existence and spatial arrangement of these spaces within neighbourhoods and functional land uses have significant implications for the well-being of urban dwellers. Previous studies on green spaces in urban areas of Malawi have focused on a broader and macro-level perspective, offering insightful information on general trends in different cities. However, there is a significant research shortage in localised understanding, which requires carrying out micro-level assessments concentrating on land use zones and neighbourhoods within these cities. In this study, we used remote sensing data and landscape metrics to understand the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces in the city's neighbourhoods and functional land uses and their relationship with urban form. The study revealed that 20% of neighbourhoods fail to meet the WHO-recommended standard of 9 m2 of green space per person, with a predominant concentration of these undersupplied areas in high-density and quasi-residential zones. In addition, 56.2% of Lilongwe City's total green area was contained under functional land uses. Particularly, high-rise residential, medium-density residential, low-density residential, quasi-residential, high-rise flat area, commercial class, high-rise commercial, heavy industry, light industry, and government land use zones contained 17.3%, 12.0%, 22.2%, 12.0%, 4.1%, 6.4%, 6.1%, 5.0%, 1.6%, and 13.3% of the total green spaces in functional land uses, respectively. Importantly, this research found significant correlations between urban form metrics, namely building coverage, building density, building perimeter area ratio, road density, and the distribution and configuration of urban green spaces. This necessitates an integrated approach to urban planning and design, emphasising the importance of balancing development with green space preservation.

Geography of symplectic Lefschetz fibrations and rational blowdowns

We produce simply-connected, minimal, symplectic Lefschetz fibrations realizing all the lattice points in the symplectic geography plane below the Noether line. This provides a symplectic extension of the classical works populating the complex geography plane with holomorphic Lefschetz fibrations. Our examples are obtained by rationally blowing down Lefschetz fibrations with clustered nodal fibers, the total spaces of which are potentially new homotopy elliptic surfaces. Similarly, clustering nodal fibers on higher genera Lefschetz fibrations on standard rational surfaces, we get rational blowdown configurations that yield new constructions of small symplectic exotic 4 4 –manifolds. We present an example of a construction of a minimal symplectic exotic C P 2 # 5 C P ¯ 2 {\mathbb {CP}}{}^{2}\# \, 5 \overline {\mathbb {CP}}{}^{2} through this procedure applied to a genus– 3 3 fibration.

Calculation of the Optimal Scale of Urban Green Space for Alleviating Surface Urban Heat Islands: A Case Study of Xi’an, China

Research has demonstrated that urban green spaces play a crucial role in mitigating the severe urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, existing studies often suffer from limitations such as the neglect of the cooling effect of water bodies within the green spaces and incomplete considerations of the overall cooling effect. These limitations may lead to inaccuracies in the research findings. Therefore, the present study takes the city of Xi’an as a case study to explore the optimal green space size for achieving efficient cooling. The results indicate that (i) urban green spaces exhibit robust cooling effects, with variations observed among the various types; (ii) for community parks without water, and for street gardens, the optimal areas of these green spaces are 3.44 and 0.83 hectares, respectively; (iii) for community parks with water, the area of internal water bodies should ideally be maintained at around 29.43% of the total green space area in order to achieve an optimal cooling efficiency. In conclusion, this study introduces a new perspective and new optimization methods for urban green space planning, thereby offering scientific guidance to urban planners in formulating effective development and management policies and urban planning schemes.

Characterizations for the fractional maximal operator and its commutators on total Morrey spaces

Characterizations for the fractional maximal operator and its commutators on total Morrey spaces

The Solar System Notification Alert Processing System (SNAPS): Asteroid Population Outlier Detection

The Solar system Notification Alert Processing System (snaps) is a Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Rubin Observatory alert broker that will send alerts to the community regarding interesting events in the solar system. snaps is actively monitoring solar system objects and one of its functions is to compare objects (primarily main belt asteroids) to one another to find those that are outliers relative to the population. In this paper, we use the SNAPShot1 data set, which contains 31,693 objects from ZTF, and derive outlier scores for each of these objects. snaps employs an unsupervised approach; consequently, to derive outlier rankings for each object, we propose four different outlier metrics such that we can explore variants of the outlier scores and add confidence to the outlier rankings. We also provide outlier scores for each object in each permutation of 15 feature spaces, between two and 15 features, which yields 32,752 total feature spaces. We show that we can derive population outlier rankings each month at Rubin Observatory scale using four Nvidia A100 GPUs, and present several avenues of scientific investigation that can be explored using population outlier detection.

The Weil correspondence and universal special geometry

The Weil correspondence states that the datum of a Seiberg-Witten differential is equivalent to an algebraic group extension of the integrable system associated to the Seiberg-Witten geometry. Remarkably this group extension represents quantum consistent couplings for the N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 2 QFT if and only if the extension is anti-affine in the algebro-geometric sense. The universal special geometry is the algebraic integrable system whose Lagrangian fibers are the anti-affine extension groups; it is defined over a base B\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{B} $$\\end{document} parametrized by the Coulomb coordinates and the couplings. On the total space of the universal geometry there is a canonical (holomorphic) Euler differential. The ordinary Seiberg-Witten geometries at fixed couplings are symplectic quotients of the universal one, and the Seiberg-Witten differential arises as the reduction of the Euler one in accordance with the Weil correspondence. This universal viewpoint allows to study geometrically the flavor symmetry of the N\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathcal{N} $$\\end{document} = 2 SCFT in terms of the Mordell-Weil lattice (with Néron-Tate height) of the Albanese variety AL\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {A}_{\\mathbbm{L}} $$\\end{document} of the universal geometry seen as a quasi-Abelian variety YL\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ {Y}_{\\mathbbm{L}} $$\\end{document} defined over the function field L≡ℂB\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$ \\mathbbm{L}\\equiv \\mathbb{C}\\left(\\mathcal{B}\\right) $$\\end{document}.

Studi Fisika Tanah pada Budi Daya Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) di Berbagai Kemiringan Lahan

The percentage of slope classes on a land has an impact on changes in soil physics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the physical properties of soil planted with tobacco on various slopes in Kenagarian Situjuah Batua, Situjuah Limo Nagari District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The method used in this study was a survey; samples were taken purposively based on slope classes at slopes 8-15%, 15–25%, and 25–45% at depths of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. From each slope 3 repetitions were taken. The results showed that there were changes in soil physics properties in each slope class with the dominant texture of sandy clay loam. Organic matter was classified as high to low (18.77–3.63%), low soil buld density (0.66–0.34 g/cm3), and total pore space was classified as high (75.27–86.87%). The permeability of the soil was classified as very fast to somewhat slow (34.88–0.78 cm/h), and the aggregate stability index was somewhat steady to less steady (60.89–45.98%). It is recommended that tobacco farmers to make terrracing and cut the length of the slope so that it does not lose organic matter. Keywords: soil physical properties, slope level, tobacco plantation

THE STUDY OF SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ANDISOLS IN VARIOUS LAND IN JERNIH JAYA VILLAGE, GUNUNG TUJUH DISTRICT, KERINCI REGENCY

ABSTRACT Although Andisols is the best soil type to support plant growth, overuse of Andisols soil type can degrade soil quality. Gunung Tujuh District of Kerinci Regency's Jernih Jaya Village, there is an Andisols land use location. Soil quality is negatively impacted by land management practices, which disregard land sustainability, soil, and water conservation measures. To understand the physical characteristics of Andisolss in various land uses in Jernih Jaya Village, it is vital to examine the effects of different tillages and land uses. The stages were (1) preparation of primary data (taking soil samples) and secondary data (making maps), (2) survey (preliminary survey and main survey), (3) data processing and interpretation of data resulting from analysis of soil samples and surveys. Based on an examination of various physical attributes of Andisols in different land used within Jernih Jaya Village, Gunung Tujuh District, Kerinci Regency, it could be inferred that the physical properties of Andisols were deemed favorable. The results indicated that the area was used for vegetables, plantations, secondary forests, and paddy fields, with slope classes ranging from 0-3%, 3-8%, and 8-15%, sandy loam with a crumb structure in all land used, high water content, moderate to high total pore space, low to medium volume weight, and high organic matter were all present. When compared to other land uses, paddy fields had the highest organic matter content (22.10%), highest moisture content (124.89%), highest total pore space (79.39%), and lowest bulk density (0.57 g/cm3).

Tailoring of NASA‐STD‐3001 to Lunar Gateway Program Requirements

AbstractThe Gateway Program must meet NASA's Agency‐level human rating requirements, which are intended to accommodate human capabilities and limitations while protecting the safety of the crew, and providing to the maximum extent practical, the capability to safely recover the crew from hazardous situations. Human systems integration represents a key human rating component of Moon to Mars systems to support the execution of Artemis missions, including compliance with mandatory standards for Health and Medical, Safety and Mission Assurance, and Engineering. The human system requirements, together with the human systems integration plan, medical operations requirements, and Gateway subsystem specifications, represent the flow‐down of NASA Health and Medical Standards (NASA‐STD‐3001, Volumes 1 and 2) into the Gateway system. This paper discusses how these documents and other human systems integration activities provide full consideration of human capabilities and limitations as part of the total system design trade space, serving as an example on how the human must be effectively integrated as part of the system in order to achieve mission success. At a bigger scale, the paper contributes to the application of systems engineering standards to cutting‐edge space exploration initiatives and to the dialogue on how systems engineering can continue to evolve to meet the needs of such ambitious projects.

Correlation between the three-dimensional hyoid bone parameters and pharyngeal airway dimensions in different sagittal and vertical malocclusions

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the relationship between three-dimensional (3D) measurements of the hyoid bone (HB) and pharyngeal airway space (PAS) in relation to sagittal and vertical malocclusion. MethodsA total of 368 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were classified into three skeletal groups (Class I, II, and III) and subdivided by vertical growth patterns (hypodivergent, normodivergent, and hyperdivergent). PAS dimensions, including nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, and total airway spaces, were measured in surface area, volume, minimum constricted area (MCA), length, and width, HB position and dimension were analyzed in 3D using InVivo 6.0.3 and Dolphin 11.8 software. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant. ResultsThe study found that patients with skeletal Class III and hypodivergent growth pattern had the highest sagittal position of the hyoid bone, while those with skeletal Class II and hyperdivergent pattern had the lowest hyoid length. Nasopharyngeal airway space width was significantly lower in skeletal Class III patients, while volume and area were lower in hyperdivergent patients. Oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal dimensions were also affected by skeletal class and growth pattern, with hyperdivergent patients having the lowest values. Total pharyngeal volume, area, and minimum constricted area were also affected, with hyperdivergent patients having the lowest values and skeletal Class II patients having the lowest minimum constricted area. ConclusionPharyngeal airway dimensions and hyoid bone parameters vary with malocclusions. The hyoid bone's position influences the airway, identifying patients at risk for airway obstruction and sleep-disordered breathing.

تثبيط تكوين الاغشية الحيوية في بكتيريا Agrobacterium tumefaciens بالمادة الطافية الخالية من خلايا Pseudomonas aeruginosa والمحللة بجهاز GC-MS

تعد Agrobacterium tumefaciens من أنواع البكتيريا المسببة للأمراض النباتية المهمة اقتصاديا، وتحصل الاصابة نتيجة استخدام اغشيتها الحيوية لالصاق نفسها بالجروح المتكونة على سطح العائل النباتي، ونظرًا لمحدودية العلاجات الحالية وفعاليتها، أصبح البحث عن عوامل جديدة مضادة لهذه البكتيريا أمرا ضروريا، لذلك تم تسليط الضوء في هذه الدراسة على معرفة التأثير التثبيطي للمادة الطافية الخالية من خلايا Pseudomonas aeruginosa على تكوين الاغشية الحيوية من قبل A. tumefaciens، فضلا عن تحديد المركبات الكيمياوية المكونة لها بجهاز GC-MS. بناءا على ذلك عزلت P. aeruginosa من التربة وتم تشخيصها باستخدام العدةAPI 20 E وتفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل باستخدام الجين 16S rRNA واظهرت تطابقا بنسبة 93% مع البكتيريا القياسية Pseudomonas sp.SeaQual P_B_845W, MT626817.1 في بنك الجينات. وعند الكشف عن قدرة المادة الطافية المجفدة وبتسعة تراكيز10، 15، 20 ،25 ، 30، 35، 40، 45، 17، 17، 15 ،على التوالي. وحسب عدد القمم التي تم إنتاجها بعد حقنها بجهاز GC، تبين انها مكونة من 30 مادة كيميائية، وبعد إدخال هذه المعلومات في جهاز MS، تم تشخيصها بأسمائها ومنها(Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-، Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester، Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methylpropyl)-،9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-,methyl ester،cis-13-Octadecenoic acid,methyl ester،Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester)، البالغ وزنها الجزيئي(154، 270، 210، 296، 296، 298) دالتون ومقدار المساحة التي تشغلها (9.38، 19.12، 6.8، 4.45، 8.33، 5.90)%، على التوالي. أهم النتائج التي شخصتها هذه الدراسة هو تحديد المركبات الكيميائية لأول مرة للمادة الطافية الخالية من خلايا الزائفة الزنجارية وتأثيرها المثبط على إنتاج الأغشية الحيوية من قبل A. tumefaciens.

Vertical Mouth Opening Requirements for CAD/CAM Fully Guided Implant Surgery: An Analysis of Different Implant Systems.

To determine the vertical space required for implant osteotomy preparation when utilizing a CAD/CAM fully guided surgical template. A total of 14 surgical osteotomy drills (individual and sequential drills) were collected and measured individually using a digital caliper, as well as the total length when the drills were positioned in a surgical handpiece. The height of the surgical guide sleeves and the offset of 14 implant systems in the market were also collected. The vertical dimension of the drills included in this study ranged from 28.2 to 46.3 mm. When these drills were inserted into the handpiece, the total length ranged from 30.0 to 49.5 mm. The height of the surgical guide sleeve and the offset required for the guide had a range of 3.2 to 7.0 mm and 5.0 to 13.5 mm, respectively. This dimension resulted in the total vertical space required for CAD/CAM fully guided surgical templates for each implant system, which ranged from 30.0 to 58.5 mm. Limited mouth opening can pose challenges and limitations in both guided and nonguided dental implant surgery. It can affect the accessibility of surgical implant placement and may result in increased patient discomfort, surgical implant positioning errors, and postoperative complications. Clinicians should determine the patient's mouth opening capabilities during the treatment planning phase prior to deciding on the appropriate implant system to be used and the implant placement technique.

Stability and Bifurcation Analysis in a Discrete Predator–Prey System of Leslie Type with Radio-Dependent Simplified Holling Type IV Functional Response

In this paper, we use a semi-discretization method to consider the predator–prey model of Leslie type with ratio-dependent simplified Holling type IV functional response. First, we discuss the existence and stability of the positive fixed point in total parameter space. Subsequently, through using the central manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, we obtain sufficient conditions for the flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of this system to occur. Finally, the numerical simulations illustrate the existence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and obtain some new dynamical phenomena of the system—the existence of a limit cycle. Corresponding biological meanings are also formulated.

Cross-sectional associations of low body mass index and being underweight with joint damage in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

To characterize BMI in Chinese patients with RA vs US patients and examine its association with joint damage in Chinese patients. Each of the 1318 patients from a real-world Chinese RA population was first stratified by gender and then individually age-matched with one American RA patient from the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 1999-2018. Data on BMI, bilateral hand radiographs and risk factors at enrolment were collected but radiographs were unavailable for the American patients. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of BMI with radiographic joint damage (RJD) in Chinese patients. Chinese patients had a significantly lower BMI [(weighted) median 21.8 vs 29.8 kg/m2; P < 0.001] and a higher prevalence of being underweight (15.2% vs 1.1%; P < 0.05) than their American counterparts. Underweight Chinese patients (BMI <18.5) had higher modified total Sharp scores (median 17 vs 10) and joint space narrowing (JSN) subscores (median 6 vs 2) (both P < 0.05) than normal-weight patients (BMI ≥18.5-<24). After controlling for confounding, continuous BMI was cross-sectionally negatively associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (OR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.85, 0.96)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.87, 0.96)]; being underweight vs normal weight was associated with RJD [adjusted prevalence OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.37, 3.35)] and JSN [adjusted prevalence OR 1.77 (95% CI 1.10, 2.84)]. Low BMI and being underweight were cross-sectionally associated with joint damage in Chinese RA patients, especially JSN, suggesting the clinical importance of identifying underweight patients and focusing on weight gain to prevent joint damage.

Design an energy storage system for a 1 MW photovoltaic powerplant based on compressed-gas-refrigeration for buildings cooling and ice production

An energy storage system was designed for a 1 (MW) photovoltaic solar power plant. This power plant is located in a university campus in the hot desert region, which requires continuous cooling of its buildings consists of a large number of classrooms. Due to the desert nature of the region, it was not possible to use conventional energy storage systems based on pumped-hydro; because in considered climate, it is not possible to provide a large volume of water and compensate for the evaporated water. Therefore, an energy storage system based on compressed gas refrigeration was used. The effect of system parameters including the maximum pressure on its performance including COP, total space can be cooled, ice making capacity and also the required volume for high-pressure vessel was studied. The effect of using different gases including air, nitrogen, ammonia, carbon dioxide and argon as the working fluid was studied. Also, the effect of the mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide and different molar percentages of them on the performance of the system was studied. The results showed that the designed energy storage system can well supply the cooling load of the university building where the solar power plant is located.

Access to urban green spaces and use of social services and institutional long-term care among older people in Malmö, Sweden: a longitudinal register study

BackgroundFinding ways to prolong independence in daily life among older people would be beneficial for both individuals and society. Urban green spaces have been found to improve health, but only a few studies have evaluated the association between urban green spaces and independence in daily life. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term effect of urban green spaces on independence in daily life, using social services and support, mobility aids, and relocation to institutional long-term care as proxies, among community dwelling people 65 + years.MethodsWe identified 40 357 people 65 + years living in the city of Malmö, Sweden in 2010. Using geographical information systems (GIS), we determined the amount of urban green spaces (total, public, and quiet) within 300 m of each person’s residence. All three measures were categorized based on their respective percentiles, so that the first quartile represented the 25% with the least access and the fourth quartile the 25% with the most access. In 2015 and 2019, we assessed the outcomes minor assistance (non-personal support), major assistance (personal support), and relocation into institutional long-term care. These three outcome measures were used as proxies for independence in daily life. The effect of amount of urban green spaces in 2010 on the three outcomes in 2015 and 2019, respectively, was assessed by pairwise comparing the three highest quartiles to the lowest.ResultsCompared to the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of quiet green spaces in 2010 were less likely to receive minor assistance in both 2015 and 2019. Besides this, there were no indications that any of the measures of urban green space affected independence in daily life at the five- and nine-year follow-up, respectively.ConclusionAlthough urban green spaces are known to have positive impact on health, physical activity, and social cohesion among older people, we found no effect of total, public, or quiet green spaces on independence in daily life. This could possibly be a result of the choice of measures of urban green spaces, including spatial and temporal aspects, an inability to capture important qualitative aspects of the green spaces, or the proxy measures used to assess independence in daily life.

Measurement of ZZ production cross-sections in the four-lepton final state in pp collisions at [formula omitted] with the ATLAS experiment

This paper reports cross-section measurements of ZZ production in pp collisions at s=13.6TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. The data were collected by the ATLAS detector in 2022, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 29 fb−1. Events in the ZZ→4ℓ (ℓ=e, μ) final states are selected and used to measure the inclusive and differential cross-sections in a fiducial region defined close to the analysis selections. The inclusive cross-section is further extrapolated to the total phase space with a requirement of 66 <mZ< 116 GeV for both Z bosons, yielding 16.8±1.1 pb. The results are well described by the Standard Model predictions.