Total Serum Glycoprotein Research Articles

THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

Serial determinations of total serum glycoprotein, seromucoid hexose, total serum protein and antibody levels were carried out in four groups of adult, male albino rabbits subjected to the following experimental procedures: (a) 400 r whole body X-irradiation, (b) immunization with 10 mg I131 BSA, (c) irradiation followed by antigen injection 24 hours later, and (d) bleeding controls. The dose of radiation employed suppressed the antibody response of (c). Significant increases in total glycoprotein and seromucoid hexose occurred 24 hours after exposure in the irradiated groups and persisted for 4 days. Pronounced decreases in total protein were observed in (a), (b), and (c). It was concluded that increases in serum glycoproteins were related primarily to tissue injury.

Serum protein profiles in psoriasis and arthritis.

A study has been conducted to determine the serum protein abnormalities in patients with associated psoriasis and arthritis in order to determine whether any fraction reflects clinical activity of this disease. An attempt has been made to determine the relationship between the severity and duration of the psoriasis and arthritis and certain laboratory determinations known to be of value in determining the activity of various inflammatory diseases, such as seromucoid, seromucoid hexose, total serum protein and glycoprotein and their electrophoretic fractions, and C-reactive protein. Davis 1 in 1936 subjected the serum of 15 patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis to the fractionation procedure of Howe. He noted a moderate decrease in albumin and an increase in globulin. The first electrophoretic studies in rheumatoid arthritis were performed by the Tiselius apparatus, but in the past 10 years paper electrophoresis has been utilized because of the greater simplicity of the technique. Svartz 2

Proteins in Serum and Rectal Mucus of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Summary Paper electrophoresis with staining for proteins and glycoproteins, and determinations of total serum protein and protein-bound hexose, were performed on ulcerative colitis and on normal serums. An absolute decrease in serum albumin and an absolute increase in α 2 -globulin were the only serum protein changes found in the ulcerative colitis serums. Serum protein-bound hexose levels, as a measure of total serum glycoproteins, were normal, although this value is usually found to be elevated in other chronic inflammatory diseases. The relative distribution of serum glycoproteins, however, was altered towards an increase in α 1 - and α 2 -glycoproteins. No qualitative or quantitative alterations of the γ-globulins were observed. Although this does not rule out, the possibility of immune phenomena playing a role in ulcerative colitis, our paper electrophoretic studies supplied no evidence in favor of this hypothesis. Visible rectal mucus from normal and ulcerative colitis subjects contained several serum proteins, especially α 1 - and α 2 -glycoproteins. These serum proteins may be integral constituents of rectal and colonic mucus.

Electrophoretic studies of serum proteins and glycoproteins during early stages of experimental tuberculosis.

SummaryThe systemic effects of acute experimental tuberculosis as reflected by alterations in concentration and distribution of the proteins and protein-bound carbohydrates of serum were investigated by filter paper electrophoresis. Electrophoretic analyses were performed on serum samples from groups of adult female guinea pigs sacrificed 8, 15, 19, 29, and 50 days following inoculation with 0.1 mg M. tuberculosis. Significant increases occurred in total serum glycoprotein levels and in the protein component of the α1-globulin fraction 8 days post-infection. A marked elevation of the polysaccharide moiety of the α2-globulin fraction and a significant decline in albumin protein was observed 15 days following infection. With the exception of significant increases in the components of the γ-globulin fraction in the latter stages of the study, major alterations in the other subfractions of serum had occurred by 15 days postinfection. It is suggested that the early alterations in electrophoretic patterns repre...

Serial electrophoretic studies of the serum glycoproteins and proteins in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

The effects of pulmonary tuberculosis on the concentration and distribution of the protein-bound carbohydrates and proteins of serum have been investigated by filter paper electrophoresis in 101 patients and 30 normal individuals. Statistically significant increases in total serum glycoprotein and the protein-bound carbohydrates of the α 2- and β-globulin fractions occurred in patients with extensive, exudative disease concomitant with increases in the protein components of the α 2- and γ-globulin fractions and with a decrease in serum albumin. The serum glycoprotein and protein patterns in acutely ill patients who responded to chemotherapy rapidly returned to normal.

The effect of adrenocortical hormones and ACTH on seromucoid and glycoprotein levels in the rabbit.

SUMMARY Injection of adrenocorticotrophic hormone into rabbits produced a significant increase in the blood seromucoid and total serum glycoprotein levels. Although cortisol in large doses raised the seromucoid level, the injection of corticosterone or deoxycorticosterone, or of an adrenaline-free Swingle-Pfiffner extract of adrenal gland, had no effect on either seromucoid or total serum glycoprotein levels. It is suggested that the elevations of these proteins found in many pathological conditions are not brought about by an adrenocortical mechanism.

Effects of acute and chronic protein depletion and of repletion on serum glycoprotein levels.

Adult, male, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 400 gm were fed either a protein-free or a 2% protein diet until they had lost 25% of their weight. Animals from each group were then killed. The remainder were repleted with a diet containing 25% protein. When they had regained their original weight, the rats were exsanguinated. The protein-bound carbohydrates and proteins of whole serum, and of the seromucoid, albumin and globulin fractions, as well as the hemoglobin and hematocrit values of blood were determined. Both acute and chronic depletion caused significant decreases in all serum constituents with the exception of the bound-carbohydrate of the albumin fractions. Upon repletion, significant increases over depletion levels occurred in total serum glycoprotein and protein concentrations due primarily to the elevation of the globulin fractions. Quantitative differences were observed between the response of the acute and chronically depleted groups to repletion but the pattern of change for the major serum fractions was similar for both groups.

Serum glycoproteins in monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Summary and conclusionsThe influence of genetic factors on the levels of total serum glycoprotein hexose, seromucoid hexose, and the bound hexose of electrophoretic fractions were investigated by comparing the differences found between monozygotic twin pairs as contrasted to the differences between dizygotic twin pairs. The differences between total serum glycoprotein hexose of the monozygotic twin pairs were significantly lower than those found for the dizygotic twins. The quantity of hexose bound to various electrophoretic fractions was found to be closer between monozygotic than between dizygotic twins. However, these differences were not significant statistically. It may be concluded that genetic factors play a minor role in establishment of normal levels of serum protein and glycoprotein.

Plasma Glycoproteins in Pulmonary Tuberculosis

The glycoproteins of plasma are a heterogeneous group of conjugated proteins consisting of polysaccharides in firm union with peptides or proteins.’ Increased interest has been shown in this group of proteins in the past few years due to the demonstration that their concentration is markedly increased in a number of pathologic and physiologic states.2 With respect to infectious diseases, the carbohydrate-containing proteins of serum have been studied most extensively in relation to tuberculosis. Marked increases in the total serum glycoprotein have been reported in clinical tuberculosis38 and in experimental tuberculosis of guinea pigs#{176} and of rabbits.1#{176} Elevated levels of the seromucoid (mucoprotein) fraction have been observed in clinical tuberculosis8 and in the experimental disease in guinea pigs.#{176} Recently, Method 10 developed by Cohn and associates” has been adapted by Lever and co-workers for the fractionation of 5 ml. amounts of human plasma into four primary fractions.12 It seemed possible that such a method might provide more information on the response of the carbohydrate-containing proteins to pulmonary tuberculosis than could be obtained from total plasma glycoprotein and seromucoid determinations. In the present investigation, 5 ml. of plasma samples from normal individuals and from patients with minimal, moderately advanced and far advanced tuberculosis have been separated by the low temperature-low salt-ethanol procedure of Lever1’ into four primary fractions, proteinbound carbohydrate (hexose) and protein have been measured in the fractions and the results have been correlated with total glycoprotein, seromucoid, and total protein determinations on whole plasma. Materials and Methods Plasma: Seventeen ml. of blood were obtained by venipuncture. The blood was immediately added to 3 ml. of A.C.D. solution.12 Following sep-. aration by centrifugation from the blood cells, the A.C.D. plasma was stored at minus 20#{176} C. until the fractionations and the chemical determinations could be conducted.

Total serum glycoprotein levels in normal New Zealand white rabbits.

SummaryThe normal serum levels of glycoproteins in 19 New Zealand white rabbits are reported. It was shown that there was no significant difference between the sexes and essentially little effect on total serum glycoprotein concentration when the rabbits were bled weekly in the quantity reported over an 11 week period.

Comparative effects of periodic bleedings on serum glycoprotein concentrations in guinea pig and rat.

SummaryThe effects of repeated bleedings at weekly intervals on the serum concentrations of total glycoprotein, seromucoid, and total protein and on the hemoglobin and hematocrit values of blood have been investigated in adult, male guinea pigs and rats. No significant increases occurred in levels of the serum components. Transient decreases were observed in the total serum protein and seromucoid of the rat and the total serum glycoprotein of the guinea pig. Statistically significant decreases occurred in hematocrit and hemoglobin values following the first and ensuing hemorrhages.