Serum Total Cholesterol Research Articles

Conducting biological tests in the development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with simvastatin

The aim of the study was to compare the hypolipidemic activity of the developed self-emulsifying drug delivery systems with simvastatin with reference samples of the substance and the finished drug product of industrial production. Materials and methods. The substance of simvastatin (India, s. DK40-2005021, 99.09 %, introduced into the composition of self-emulsifying compositions based on castor oil (Ukraine), polyethylene glycol 40 hydrogenated castor oil (India), Tween 80 (Ukraine), glycerol monostearate (Gustav Heess GmbH, Germany) or polyethylene glycol 100 stearate (ERCA, Italy). Reference samples were Simvastatin-Sandoz (Salutas Pharma, Germany, series LX5161) and simvastatin in pure form. The experimental animals were Syrian hamsters aged 2 months. Hyperlipidemia was modeled by means of an alimentary load. To assess the state of lipid metabolism in animals, the content of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in the blood serum was determined by colorimetric enzymatic methods using the appropriate standard reagent kits "Triacylglycerols F" HP022.02, "Cholesterol F" HP026.02, "Cholesterol-LDL F" HP026.05 and "Cholesterol-HDL F" HP026.04 (LLC SPE "Filicit-Diagnostics", Ukraine) on a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer MapLab Plus (BSI, Italy). Results. The reference samples had similar dose-dependent efficacy parameters. At the same time, the test samples, also having similar dose-dependent effects, in absolute terms at the maximum concentration reduced the amount of low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol more effectively than the reference samples. When using the test samples in their average concentration, the level of triglycerols was significantly reduced, which is rather a concomitant effect of simvastatin. Conclusions. The improvement of the overall efficacy of simvastatin when it is introduced into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems has been proved, which is associated with the modification of pharmacokinetic parameters by improving the solubility of the substance in the aqueous environment of the gastrointestinal tract

Estimation of Lipid Profile in CCl4 Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats

The combination of chlorine and chloroform in the presence of light produces carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), a colorless, volatile, non-inflammable liquid. It is a clear liquid with a sweet odor that can be perceived at low levels and does not occur naturally. It poses a significant hazard to one's health and is also one of the leading sources of toxicity in critical organs such as the lungs, kidneys, liver, and brain. Objectives: To determine the lipid profile with CCl4-induced in albino rats. Methods: The research was conducted at the University of Okara, Department of Zoology. The experiment was conducted at the animal home of the Department of Zoology, University of Okara. Albino Rats were the intended targets. There were two groups created: a control group and an experimental group. To test the harmful effect on the lipid profile, the rats were fed 30 per cent diluted carbon tetrachloride, with normal saline as a control group. This was accomplished through a 12-day trial. Sampling or dissection was done after 12 days to determine serum Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Rats were dissected, and their hearts were punctured to obtain a blood sample and organs. After sampling was taken by puncturing the Rats' hearts, the samples were examined by a machine called Micro-Lab 300. Results: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, and LDL levels were higher than usual. Conclusions: The study indicated that CCl4 has a toxic effect on the lipid profile of rats.

The Protective Effects of Andrographis paniculata against Cardiac Damage Induced by Diclofenac in Wistar Albino Rats

This study aimed to evaluate the potential preventative effects of Andrographis paniculata on cardiac damage produced by diclofenac in Wistar albino rats. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Group 1, which served as the normal control and was given only feed; Group 2, which served as the positive control and was given feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac; Group 3, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 200 mg/kg extract; Group 4, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 400 mg/kg extract; and Group 5, which received feed along with 100 mg/kg body weight diclofenac and 200 mg/kg vitamin E. The oral administration of the extract was conducted over a period of 14 days, following which the animals were slaughtered on the 15th day in order to facilitate subsequent analysis. The findings indicated that administering Andrographis paniculata extract to the experimental groups led to a statistically significant increase in bodyweight for group 3 (167.33 ± 21.33) and group 4 (173.33 ± 17.63), as compared to the normal and positive control groups (p<0.05). The research findings demonstrated a clear association between diclofenac administration and cardiac damage, with a statistically significant elevation in blood concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and malondialdehyde. Pretreatment with Andrographis paniculata resulted in a modulation of the decrease in levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in group 2 compared to group 1. However, the administration of Vitamin E led to a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol (TC) level, triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as an increase in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity compared to the positive control. ....

PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE SETTING OF METABOLIK SYNDROME IN CORONARY HEAT DISEASE. QUALIFYING SCENTIFYING WORK ON THE RIGHTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT

PATHOGENESIS OF IMMUNE DYSFUNCTION IN THE SETTING OF METABOLIK SYNDROME IN CORONARY HEAT DISEASE. QUALIFYING SCENTIFYING WORK ON THE RIGHTS OF THE MANUSCRIPT

A turn-on mode fluorescence detection of cholesterol based on calcein quenched by Co3O4 nanoclusters

Co3O4 nanoclusters (NCs) was prepared, and a novel method based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated fluorescence recovery of calcein-Co3O4 NCs system for cholesterol detection was developed. The detection utilizes fluorescence quenching and recovery of calcein. In the absence of H2O2, the fluorescence of calcein is quenched by Co2+ ions on the surface of Co3O4 NCs. However, the fluorescence of calcein is restored in the presence of H2O2 as a result of the oxidation of Co2+ ions to Co3+ ions. Further investigation indicates tha Co3O4t there is a correlation between H2O2 concentration and fluorescence enhancement of calcein. Due to H2O2 being one of the products of cholesterol catalytic oxidation, a novel cholesterol fluorescence measurement method has been established, which can achieve sensitive detection of cholesterol in the range of 1.0–50 μM, with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.48 μM. More importantly, the feasibility of the method was verified in human serum total cholesterol determination with satisfactory results, indicating its potential application in real sample analysis.

Does Fried Street Food (Kokor) affect Lipid Profiles and bodyweight? The Finding from Swiss Albino Mice

Background: Foods fried in palm oil on the streets change the oil composition and produce toxic byproducts. Even though the health implications of fried street food are not fully understood, Ethiopians frequently consume these items. Therefore, this study evaluated the impact of street kokor fried in palm oil on mice's lipid profiles and body weight. Methods: The experiment involved 32 Swiss Albino male and female mice, which were randomly separated into four groups with equal male and female subgroups. The experimental groups, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, got 10%, 20%, and 30% of the daily food intake, respectively. In contrast, the control group (Group-I) received only pellets and a vehicle (water). The mice were killed at the end of the sixth weeks after recieving a diethyl ether anesthetic. Once their blood was drawn through a heart puncture, lipid profile tests were performed on it. Results: In this experiment, the amount of street kokor cooked in palm oil had a significant impact on the mice' body weight [F (3, 24) = 13.841, p = 0.001] and all of the mice in the experimental groups had significantly lower body weights than the mice in Group I (the control group) (P 0.05). Similarly, the dose of palm oil fried street kokor had a significant effect on serum triglyceride (TG) [F (3, 24) = 17.72, p = 0.001], serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) [F (3, 24) = 90.344, p = 0.001], serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) [F (3, 24) = 25.38, p = 0.001] and serum total cholesterol (TC) level of the mice [F (3, 24) = 257.480, p = 0.001]. The experimental group mice's lipid profiles, except serum HDL level, were increased significantly compared with the control group mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Mice's body weight fell and serum lipid profiles were affected by palm oil-fried street kokor. This study found that palm oil-fried street kokor dramatically decreased mice's body weight. Furthermore, ingesting kokor cooked in palm oil significantly and proportionally elevated mice's serum lipid profiles (TG, LDL, and TC), but it also dramatically and inversely decreased HDL levels.

Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate: Lipid profile changes and associated cardiovascular risks among acceptors in Sagamu, South West Nigeria.

Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a highly effective long acting reversible contraceptive. Alterations in lipid profile have been associated with use of DMPA, however there is considerable debate about how profound these effects are. Hence the aim of this study is to determine the effect of DMPA on lipid profile and the associated cardiovascular risks. This was a prospective longitudinal study conducted at the family planning clinic of Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu, Ogun State. Sixty eight new acceptors of DMPA who had their blood samples collected for lipid profile assays at initiation of DMPA, and then at 3 months and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. After 3 months of DMPA use, there was statistically significant increase in serum Total Cholesterol (TC) concentration (P=0.022), serum Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (P=0.033), non significant increase in serum Triglyceride (TG) concentration (P=0.150) and non-significant decrease in serum Higher Density Lipoprotein (HDL) concentration (P=0.076). However, after 6 months of DMPA use, there was statistically significant increase in serum TC concentration (P=0.002), serum LDL concentration (P=0.003), serum TG concentration (P=0.001) and significant decrease in serum HDL concentration (P=0.001). DMPA use is associated with increased serum TC, TG, LDL, and reduction in HDL after 6 months of use. These changes in lipid profile may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

The Effect of Oral Administration of Hypericum Perforatum on Serum Glucose and Lipids, Hepatic Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: In this research, the beneficial effects of oral administration of Hypericum perfo­ratum (HP) on serum glucose and lipids, hepatic enzymes and the amount of malondialdehyde in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats are studied. Materials and Methods: In this experi­mental study, 32 male rats where randomly divided into 4 groups of control, treatment-control, diabetic and treatment-diabetic. HP was orally administered to treatment groups over a period of 6 weeks. Serum glucose levels, triglyceride, total cholesterol along with HDL and LDL were all evaluated prior to initiation of the treatment, and at 3rd and 6th (last) week of treatment initiation, and in the end of the treatment, malondialdehyde and aminotransferase enzymes of the liver were evaluated. Results: regarding serum glucose levels and body weight measured in the 3rd and 6th week, the treatment-diabetic group didn’t show a significant change compared to the diabetic group, regarding serum total cholesterol and LDL levels, a significant decrease was observed and regarding serum HDL, a significant increase was documented. Furthermore, treating the treatment-diabetic group with HP did not result in any significant decrease in serum triglyceride, malondialdehyde or alanine aminotransferase but, in fact, did cause a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase. Conclusions: Oral administration of HP did in fact have a beneficial effect on lowering serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL and the hepatic enzyme as­partate aminotransferase and on raising the levels of HDL in diabetized rats with Streptozotocin. [GMJ.2017;6(4):319-29] DOI: 10.22086/gmj.v6i4.889

Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues in monogenic syndromic obesity: Real-world data from a large cohort of Alström syndrome patients.

To examine the real-world efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in monogenic obesity in patients with Alström syndrome (ALMS). We screened 72 UK adult patients with ALMS and offered treatment to 34 patients meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or higher, insulin resistance, suboptimal glycaemic control on antihyperglycaemic medications or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In total, 30 patients, with a mean age of 31 ± 11 years and a male to-female ratio of 2:1, completed 6 months of treatment with GLP-1 RAs either in the form of semaglutide or exenatide. On average, treatment with GLP-1 RAs reduced body weight by 5.4 ± 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6-7) kg and HbA1c by 12 ± 3.3 (95% CI 8.7-15.3) mmol/mol, equating to 6% weight loss (P < .01) and 1.1% absolute reduction in HbA1c (P < .01). Significant improvements were also observed in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase. The improvement of metabolic variables in our cohort of monogenic syndromic obesity was comparable with data for polygenic obesity, irrespective of weight loss. Data from our centre highlight the non-inferiority of GLP-1 RAs in monogenic syndromic obesity to the available GLP-1 RA-use data in polygenic obesity, therefore, these agents can be considered as a treatment option in patients with ALMS, as well as other forms of monogenic obesity.

Wheat Bran Protein Improves Lipid Metabolism by Downregulating the Amount of HMG-CoA Reductase in the Liver of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats

Background. The hypolipidemic effects of wheat bran have been widely documented; however, limited research has concurrently revealed the hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of wheat bran protein (WBP). Objective. This study investigates the impact of WBP (5% daily dietary intake) on antioxidant activity, cholesterol metabolism, and serum/hepatic lipids in high-fat diet-fed rats. Methodology. In our animal experiment, we used 12 male Wistar rats that were 4 weeks old. Biochemical indicators of fecal, serum, intestinal, and liver were tested by kits or chemical techniques. The experiment on cholesterol micellar solubility was also carried out in vitro. Results. After 28 days of feeding, the results revealed that WBP significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol (P&lt;0.05) in serum and liver, the levels of triglycerides (P&lt;0.05), the levels of MDA (P&lt;0.05), and the levels of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (P&lt;0.05), and significantly increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein (P&lt;0.05), the levels of glutathione peroxidase, and the level of total antioxidant capability. By downregulating the level of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (P&lt;0.05), WBP also reduced the content of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion. In vivo, WBP demonstrated a substantial hypolipidemic and antioxidant impact (P&lt;0.05), while in vitro, it significantly decreased the micellar solubility of cholesterol (P&lt;0.001).

Effects of quercetin and daidzein on egg quality, lipid metabolism, and cecal short-chain fatty acids in layers.

In this study, the effects of quercetin and daidzein on egg quality, lipid metabolism, and cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were compared in layers. Hyline brown layers at 385 days of age with a similar laying rate (81.36% ± 0.62%) and body weight (2.10 kg ± 0.04 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments, six replicates per treatment, and 20 layers per replicate. Layers in control, quercetin, and daidzein treatment were fed by a basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg quercetin, and 30 mg/kg of daidzein for 10 weeks. Results showed that eggshell strength and albumen height in week 4, egg yolk diameter in week 10, and eggshell thickness and egg yolk height in weeks 4 and 10 were significantly increased in the quercetin treatment (P ≤ 0.05); contents of phospholipid (PL) and lecithin (LEC) in egg yolk and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) content in serum were significantly increased; however, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in egg yolk, contents of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in serum, and contents of TC and TG in the liver were significantly decreased in the quercetin treatment (P ≤ 0.05); contents of isobutyric acid and valeric acid were significantly increased in the cecum of the quercetin treatment (P ≤ 0.05), compared with control. Moreover, egg yolk height in week 10 and eggshell thickness in weeks 4 and 10 were significantly increased in the daidzein treatment (P ≤ 0.05); contents of MDA, TC, and TG in egg yolk, TC, TG, and VLDL in serum, and TC and TG in liver were significantly decreased in the daidzein treatment (P ≤ 0.05); and HDL content was significantly increased in serum of the daidzein treatment (P ≤ 0.05) compared with control. However, daidzein did not affect SCFA content in the cecum. In conclusion, egg quality was improved by quercetin and daidzein by increasing the antioxidant ability of egg yolk and by regulating lipid metabolism in layers. Quercetin worked better than daidzein in improving egg quality under this experimental condition.

Toxicologic effect and transcriptome analysis for sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim, prochloraz, and their combination on the liver of mice.

Carbendazim (CBZ) and prochloraz (PCZ) are broad-spectrum fungicides used in agricultural peat control. Both fungicides leave large amounts of residues in fruits and are toxic to non-target organisms. However, the combined toxicity of the fungicides to non-target organisms is still unknown. Therefore, we characterized the toxic effects of dietary supplementation with CBZ, PCZ, and their combination for 90days in 6-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. CBZ-H (100mg/kg day), PCZ-H (10mg/kg day), and their combination treatments increased the relative liver weights and caused liver injury. The serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (Glu), pyruvate (PYR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were reduced, and synergistic toxicity was observed. Hepatic transcriptome revealed that 326 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of liver were observed in the CBZ treatment group, 149 DEGs in the PCZ treatment group, and 272 DEGs in the combination treatment group. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the fungicides and their combination affected lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ferroptosis. In addition, the relative mRNA levels of key genes involved in lipid metabolism were also examined. Compared with individual exposure, combined exposure to CBZ and PCZ caused a more obvious decrease in the expression of some genes related to glycolipid metabolism. Furthermore, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes in the combination treatment group were lower than those in the CBZ and PCZ treated groups. In summary, CBZ, PCZ, and their combination generally caused hepatotoxicity and glycolipid metabolism disorders, which could provide new insights for investigating the combined toxicity of multiple fungicides to animals.

Epigenome-wide perspective of cadmium-associated DNA methylation and its mediation role in the associations of cadmium with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk

BackgroundStudies demonstrated the associations of cadmium (Cd) with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk, but the mechanisms involved need further exploration. ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the role of DNA methylation (DNAM) in the relationship of Cd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. MethodsUrinary cadmium levels (UCd) were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were measured with kits, and DNAM was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Robust linear regressions were conducted for epigenome-wide association study. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations of UCd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk, respectively. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore potential mediating role of DNAM in the associations of Cd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk. ResultsUCd was negatively associated with HDL levels (p = 0.01) and positively associated with dyslipidemia (p < 0.01). There were 92/11 DMPs/DMRs (FDR<0.05) associated with UCd. Cd-associated DNAM and pathways were connected with cardiometabolic diseases and immunity. Cg07829377 (LINC01060) mediated 42.05%/22.88% of the UCd-HDL/UCd-dyslipidemia associations (p = 0.02 and 0.01, respectively). ConclusionsCadmium caused site-specific DNAM alterations and the associations of UCd with lipid levels and dyslipidemia risk may be partially mediated by DNAM.

Consuming Mushrooms When Adopting a Healthy Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Does Not Influence Short-Term Changes of Most Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Factors in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults

BackgroundMushrooms are a nutritious food, though knowledge of the effects of mushroom consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors is limited and inconsistent. ObjectiveWe assessed the effects of consuming mushrooms as part of a healthy United States Mediterranean-style dietary pattern (MED) on traditional and emerging cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk factors. We hypothesized that adopting a MED diet with mushrooms would lead to greater improvements in multiple CMD risk factors. MethodsUsing a randomized, parallel study design, 60 adults (36 females, 24 males; aged 46 ± 12 y; body mass index 28.3 ± 2.84 kg/m2, mean ± standard deviation) without diagnosed CMD morbidities consumed a MED diet (all foods provided) without (control with breadcrumbs) or with 84 g/d of Agaricus bisporus (White Button, 4 d/wk) and Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster, 3 d/wk) mushrooms for 8 wk. Fasting baseline and postintervention outcome measurements were traditional CMD risk factors, including blood pressure and fasting serum lipids, lipoproteins, glucose, and insulin. Exploratory CMD-related outcomes included lipoprotein particle sizes and indexes of inflammation. ResultsAdopting the MED-mushroom diet compared with the MED-control diet without mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose (change from baseline −2.9 ± 1.18 compared with 0.6 ± 1.10 mg/dL; time × group P = 0.034). Adopting the MED diet, independent of mushroom consumption, reduced serum total cholesterol (−10.2 ± 3.77 mg/dL; time P = 0.0001). Concomitantly, there was a reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, buoyant HDL2b, and apolipoprotein A1, and an increase in lipoprotein(a) concentrations (main effect of time P < 0.05 for all). There were no changes in other measured CMD risk factors. ConclusionsConsuming a Mediterranean-style healthy dietary pattern with 1 serving/d of whole Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms improved fasting serum glucose but did not influence other established or emerging CMD risk factors among middle-aged and older adults classified as overweight or obese but with clinically normal cardiometabolic health. Trial registration numberhttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04259229?term=NCT04259229&rank=1

Exploring the hypoglycemic mechanism of chlorogenic acids from Pyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching on type 2 diabetes mellitus based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics strategy

Ethnopharmacological relevancePyrrosia petiolosa (Christ) Ching (YBSW) is a Traditional Chinese medicine rich in chlorogenic acids. It is an important component in many Traditional Chinese medicinal hypoglycemic formulas and is commonly used by the Miao people to treat diabetes with good efficacy. Our previous research has suggested that chlorogenic acids may be the active ingredients in YBSW. Aim of the studyTo explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) hypoglycemic effects of chlorogenic acids contained in YBSW. Materials and methodsIn vivo experiments, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine the effects of chlorogenic acids contained in YBSW in rats. mRNA expression profiling, microarray analysis, and network pharmacology were used to analyze the underlying mechanisms of the effects. Finally, apoptosis and changes in the related pathways were evaluated in vitro using a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thia-zolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence (IF) assessment, and flow cytometry. ResultsAfter the administration of isochlorogenic acid B, the levels of triglycerides, serum total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose significantly decreased. HE and IHC staining revealed that isochlorogenic acid B significantly increased insulin expression in islet cells. Using network pharmacology and RNA-seq Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, we screened the advanced glycation end products–receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling pathway. We also verified that YBSW and its chlorogenic acid can inhibit apoptosis and downregulate the expression of related mRNA in the AGE-RAGE pathway in RIN-m5f cells. ConclusionsYBSW exhibits a significant hypoglycemic effect, with chlorogenic acid being an effective component. The therapeutic effect of chlorogenic acids contained in YBSW is mainly realized by promoting insulin secretion and pancreatic tissue repair. Moreover, YBSW substantially mitigates apoptosis via the AGE-RAGE pathway in T2DM.

Autonomic nervous system function assessed by heart rate variability and the presence of symptoms affecting activities of daily living in community-dwelling residents with chronic pain: The Hisayama Study.

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction has been reported to be associated with impaired activities of daily living (ADL) among patients with chronic pain, but the association has not been fully addressed in general populations. This study cross-sectionally investigated the association between autonomic nervous system function and the presence of subjective symptoms affecting ADL in community-dwelling residents with chronic pain. A total of 888 residents with chronic pain, aged 40-79 years, who underwent a health examination in 2017-2018 were included. Based on heart rate variability measured by fingertip pulse wave, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD), low frequency (LF) power, and high frequency (HF) power were calculated. Symptoms affecting ADL were defined as those scoring ≥1 on the modified Rankin Scale. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for symptoms affecting ADL were estimated using a logistic regression analysis. The overall prevalence of symptoms affecting ADL was 39.4%. The ORs for symptoms affecting ADL increased significantly per 1-standard-deviation decrement in log-transformed SDNN (OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.06-1.44]), RMSSD (1.25 [1.08-1.45]), LF power (1.29 [1.11-1.52]), and HF power (1.29 [1.11-1.51]) after adjusting for age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, serum total cholesterol level, body mass index, past medical history, current smoking, current drinking, exercise, depressive symptoms, and pain intensity. Decreased heart rate variability was associated with the presence of symptoms affecting ADL among individuals with chronic pain in a Japanese community. Decrease in heart rate variability was associated with the presence of symptoms affecting ADL among individuals with chronic pain in a Japanese community. This article could help scientists understand the significance of autonomic nervous system dysfunction in the pathology of chronic pain. Approaches that target autonomic nervous system dysfunction may be an option to relieve or prevent symptoms affecting ADL for chronic pain sufferers.

Effects of Chinese heart-healthy diet on blood lipids, glucose, and estimated 10-y cardiovascular disease risk among Chinese adults: results on secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundHealthy diet is essential for cardiovascular disease risk management, but its effects among Chinese patients, whose diets differ from Western diets, remain largely unknown. MethodsIn this multicenter, patient- and outcome assessor-blind, randomized controlled feeding trial, 265 Chinese adults with baseline systolic blood pressure 130 to 159 mmHg were randomly assigned into Chinese heart-healthy (CHH) diet or usual diet for a 28-d intervention after a 7-d run-in period on usual diet. Blood lipids and glucose were measured from overnight fasting blood samples before and after the intervention. Ten-year cardiovascular disease risk was estimated using models previously developed and validated in Chinese. The changes in secondary outcomes of serum total cholesterol (TC), blood glucose, and 10-y cardiovascular disease risk over the intervention period were compared between intervention groups, adjusting for center, among participants with baseline and follow-up blood samples available. Sensitivity analyses were done with further adjustment for baseline values and covariables; missing data imputed; and among per-protocol population. ResultsAmong 256 eligible participants (130 on CHH diet, 126 on control diet), 42% had hypercholesterolemia and 15% had diabetes at baseline. In the control group, TC and 10-y cardiovascular disease risk decreased after the intervention by 0.16 mmol/L and 0.91%, respectively, but blood glucose increased by 0.25 mmol/L. Compared with usual diet, the CHH diet lowered TC (−0.14 mmol/L, P = 0.017) and 10-y cardiovascular disease risk (−1.24%, P = 0.001) further. No effect on blood glucose was found. All sensitivity analyses confirmed the results on TC and 10-y cardiovascular disease risk, and analysis with multiple variables adjusted showed a borderline significant effect on blood glucose (−0.17 mmol/L, P = 0.051). The differences in intake of nutrients and food groups between intervention groups explained the results. ConclusionsThe CHH diet reduced TC and 10-y cardiovascular disease risk and was likely to reduce blood glucose among Chinese adults with mild hypertension. Further studies with longer terms are warranted.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03882645.

Serum placental growth factor, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for prediction of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

This study aims to investigate the predictive values of serum placental growth factor (PIGF), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) in the context of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). This retrospective case control study recruited pregnant women from January 2021 to December 2021 at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, encompassing pregnant women diagnosed with ICP and those with unremarkable prenatal examinations. A total of 433 pregnant women were included, among whom 167 were diagnosed with ICP after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Patients with ICP exhibited an average age of 31.30 ± 4.54 years and an average pregnancy week at delivery of 37.63 ± 1.45 weeks. Multivariable regression analysis showed that the pregnancy week at delivery (OR = 0.823, 95% CI: 0.769-0.879, P < .001), PIGF (OR = 0.994, 95% CI: 0.992-0.996, P < .001), TC (OR = 1.955, 95% CI: 1.586-2.409, P < .001), and TG (OR = 3.786, 95% CI: 2.655-5.399, P < .001) were independent risk factors for ICP. The area under the curve values for PIGF, TC, and TG in predicting ICP were 0.858 (95% CI: 0.822-0.893), 0.721 (95% CI: 0.670-0.772), and 0.830 (95% CI: 0.788-0.871), respectively. However, their combination yielded an area under the curve value of 0.922 (95% CI: 0.898-0.946). The composite assessment of PIGF, TC, and TG demonstrates potential efficacy in predicting ICP among pregnant women.

Western diet-induced obesity results in brain mitochondrial dysfunction in female Ossabaw swine.

Diet-induced obesity is implicated in the development of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Concurrently, the loss of mitochondrial Complex I protein or function is emerging as a key phenotype across an array of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if Western diet (WD) feeding in swine [carbohydrate = 40.8% kCal (17.8% of total calories from high fructose corn syrup), protein = 16.2% kcal, fat = 42.9% kCal, and 2% cholesterol] would result in Complex I syndrome pathology. To characterize the effects of WD-induced obesity on brain mitochondria in swine, high resolution respirometry measurements from isolated brain mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation Complex expression, and indices of oxidative stress and mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed in female Ossabaw swine fed a WD for 6-months. In line with Complex I syndrome, WD feeding severely reduced State 3 Complex I, State 3 Complex I and II, and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). State 3 Complex I mitochondrial respiration in the PFC inversely correlated with serum total cholesterol. WD feeding also significantly reduced protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation Complexes I-V in the PFC. WD feeding significantly increased markers of antioxidant defense and mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampi and PFC. These data suggest WD-induced obesity may contribute to Complex I syndrome pathology by increasing oxidative stress, decreasing oxidative phosphorylation Complex protein expression, and reducing brain mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, these findings provide mechanistic insight into the clinical link between obesity and mitochondrial Complex I related neurodegenerative disorders.

Association between kidney measurements and cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke

Background Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a substantially higher risk for stroke, which may predispose individuals to cognitive impairment. However, the association of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria with poorer cognitive performance in patients with stroke is not fully understood, and the current evidence for this association is contradictory. Our aim was to retrospectively investigate whether low eGFR and albuminuria, as indicated by the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), are independently or jointly associated with worse cognitive performance in patients with ischemic stroke. Methods This retrospective study included 608 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Their UACR and eGFR values were obtained from inpatient medical records. Global cognitive function was assessed with the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) one month after hospital discharge. The relationship between renal measures and cognitive performance was assessed using univariate and multiple linear regression analyses. Potential confounders included age, gender, BMI, education, diabetes and hypertension history, NIHSS score, smoking and alcohol consumption status, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose, uric acid, homocysteine, systolic blood pressure, and either eGFR or UACR. Results Patients had an average age of 66.6±4.1 years, and 48% were females. Average eGFR and UACR were 88.4±12.9 ml/min/1.73m2 and 83.6±314.2 mg/g, respectively. The number of patients with eGFR ≥90, 60–89, and &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 was 371 (61%), 207 (34%), and 30 (5%), respectively, and the percentage of patients with UACR &lt;30 mg/g, 30–300 mg/g, and &gt;300 mg/g was 56%, 39%, and 5%, respectively. Multivariate adjusted models showed that eGFR was independently associated with MMSE (β = -0.4; 95% CI = -0.5,-0.4; p &lt;0.001) and MoCA (β = -0.6; 95% CI = -0.7,-0.5; p &lt;0.001). However, UACR was not significantly correlated with MMSE or MoCA. Conclusion In patients with ischemic stroke, reduced eGFR but not albuminuria was associated with lower cognitive performance. These results show that the eGFR decline could be an effective indicator of cognitive impairment after a stroke. Therefore, regular monitoring and early detection of mild renal dysfunction in patients with acute ischemic stroke might be needed.