Total Scores Of Self-rating Depression Scale Research Articles

Effect of Prescription of Traditional Sports Regimen on Depression of College Students

To explore the effect of prescription of traditional sports regimen with different amounts of exercise on improving depression and sleep quality of college students. Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) and Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to screen students with mild depression, who were randomly divided into control group, experimental group 1 (moderate exercise intensity, 30min each time, 5 times a week,) and experimental group 2 (moderate exercise intensity, 60min each time, 5 times a week). The exercise prescription intervention with different exercise amount was performed for 16 weeks. Compared with before exercise, the total scores of SDS and PSQI of the two experimental groups decreased significantly after 8 weeks of intervention; after 16 weeks of intervention, the total scores of SDS and PSQI of the experimental groups were obviously different (P < 0.05) compared with 8 weeks of intervention; after 8 weeks of training cessation, the total scores of SDS and PSQI of the experimental groups were increased, but however, significant decrease in the total scores still can be seen compared with those before the experiment(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, after 8 weeks of intervention, 16 weeks of intervention and 8 weeks of training cessation, the total scores of SDS and PSQI of the two experimental groups were significantly reduced and the effect of experimental group 2 on improving PSQI score of college students was significantly better than that of experimental group 1.Traditional sports regimen intervention can improve college students’ depression and improve their sleep quality, and it can still maintain the effect after stopping training for 8 weeks; exercise intervention of 60 minutes each time, 5 times a week, has better effect on improving college students’ sleep quality than that of 30 minutes each time, 5 times a week.

Association between N-terminal proB-type Natriuretic Peptide and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Background:While depression and certain cardiac biomarkers are associated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the relationship between them remains largely unexplored. We examined the association between depressive symptoms and biomarkers in patients with AMI.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 103 patients with AMI between March 2013 and September 2014. The levels of depression, N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and troponin I (TnI) were measured at baseline. The patients were divided into two groups: those with depressive symptoms and those without depressive symptoms according to Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) score. Baseline comparisons between two groups were made using Student's t-test for continuous variables, Chi-square or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Wilcoxon test for variables in skewed distribution. Binomial logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the association between depressive symptoms and biomarkers while adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.Results:Patients with depressive symptoms had significantly higher NT-proBNP levels as compared to patients without depressive symptoms (1135.0 [131.5, 2474.0] vs. 384.0 [133.0, 990.0], Z = −2.470, P = 0.013). Depressive symptoms were associated with higher NT-proBNP levels (odds ratio [OR] = 2.348, 95% CI: 1.344 to 4.103, P = 0.003) and higher body mass index (OR = 1.169, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016 to 1.345, P = 0.029). The total SDS score was associated with the NT-proBNP level (β = 0.327, 95% CI: 1.674 to 6.119, P = 0.001) after multivariable adjustment. In particular, NT-proBNP was associated with three of the depressive dimensions, including core depression (β = 0.299, 95% CI: 0.551 to 2.428, P = 0.002), cognitive depression (β = 0.320, 95% CI: 0.476 to 1.811, P = 0.001), and somatic depression (β = 0.333, 95% CI: 0.240 to 0.847, P = 0.001). Neither the overall depressive symptomatology nor the individual depressive dimensions were associated with TnI levels.Conclusions:Depressive symptoms, especially core depression, cognitive depression, and somatic depression, were related to high NT-proBNP levels in patients with AMI.

The Aggravation of Depression with Aging in Japanese Patients with Subacute Myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON).

Objective We attempted to clarify the factors related to the aggravation of depression in patients with subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON) caused by clioquinol intoxication more than 35 years previously. Methods We investigated changes in the depressive mental states that occurred with aging in 19 Japanese SMON patients (mean age, 78.3 years; range, 66-89 years) according to their scores on the Japanese version of the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), which were obtained 3-10 years previously and their current scores. The depressive state was further evaluated using simultaneous semi-structured interviews. Results The depressive mental states of 6 patients, whose current total SDS scores had increased by ≥10% in comparison to the previous score, were considered to have been aggravated with aging. The mean current total SDS score of these six patients was significantly higher than the mean score of the 13 patients whose conditions were not aggravated. Among the 20 SDS questionnaires, the patients whose conditions were aggravated showed significantly higher scores in diurnal variation, sleep disturbance and weight loss. The semi-structured interviews revealed that physical disabilities due to the sequelae of SMON, a lack of acceptance of SMON, and a decline in social activities were important factors in the aggravation of their depressive mental states with aging. Conclusion The maintenance of social activities with public support was important for coping among Japanese SMON patients with a depressive mental state, especially those who could not walk independently or who could not go outside freely without assistance.

中文接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-II)与认知融合问卷(CFQ)在回族和哈萨克族青少年中的信效度检验

目的：检验中文版接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-II)与认知融合问卷(CFQ)中文版在哈萨克族(以下简称“哈族”)高中生群体和回族大学生群体中的信效度，为研究经验性回避以及认知融合提供可靠有效的测量工具。方法：采用方便抽样选取哈族高中生群体和回族大学生群体两个样本共482位被试(n1 = 248, n2 = 234)施测AAQ-II、CFQ，并进行项目分析、内部一致性检验和验证性因素分析，同时施测自评抑郁量表(SDS)、自评焦虑量表(SAS)以检验校标关联效度。结果：AAQ-II量表在两个样本中的 Cronbach α系数分别为0.845、0.860；CFQ量表在两个样本中的Cronbach α系数分别为0.892、0.902；验证性因素分析显示两个量表的单因素模型拟合良好。校标效度检验显示，AAQ-II得分与SDS得分呈显著正相关(r1 = 0.424, r2 = 0.409, P < 0.01)，与SAS得分呈显著正相关(r1 = 0.436, r2 = 0.474, P < 0.01)；CFQ得分与SDS得分呈显著正相关(r1 = 0.459, r2 = 0.334, P < 0.01) ，与SAS得分呈显著正相关(r1 = 0.393, r2 = 0.442, P < 0.01)。结论：AAQ-II、CFQ中文版在哈族高中生群体和回族大学生群体中具有较好的信效度，可在我国用于相关研究。 Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition (AAQ-II) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) and to offer a measurement tool in studies of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. Methods: By conven-ience sampling method, two samples of Kazakh high school students (n1 = 248) and Hui college students (n2 = 234) were selected and assessed with the AAQ-II and CFQ for item analysis, internal consistency analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) were administered to test the criterion-related validity. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis verified the one-factor model of AAQ-II and CFQ. The Cronbach’s α coefficient of the two scales for the two samples was 0.845 and 0.860 (AAQ-II), 0.892 and 0.902 (CFQ), respectively. Concurrent validity results showed that AAQ-II was positively correlated with total scores of SDS (r1 = 0.424, r2 = 0.409, P < 0.01) and SAS (r1 = 0.436, r2 = 0.474, P < 0.01); CFQ was also positively correlated with total scores of SDS (r1 = 0.459, r2 = 0.334, P < 0.01) and SAS (r1 = 0.393, r2 = 0.442, P < 0.01). Conclusion: It suggests that the Chinese version of AAQ-II and CFQ are reliable and valid assessment for experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in minority groups.

Subjective well-being of the elderly in Xi Cheng District, Beijing.

BackgroundIn 2010 the Beijing Municipal Government promulgated a policy aimed at improving the quality of life and subjective well-being of elderly residents that included a component focused on mental health.AimIdentify factors associated with subjective well-being in a representative sample of elderly residents of Xi Cheng District in Beijing.MethodsThis cross-sectional study administered a self-completion survey to a stratified random sample of 2342 residents of Xi Cheng District who were 60 to 80 years of age. The level of well-being was assessed using a validated Chinese version of the Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH). Detailed socioeconomic variables were obtained using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Social support, anxiety, and depression were assessed using validated Chinese versions of the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).ResultsAmong the 2342 respondents, 1616 (69.0%) had a total MUNSH score of 32 or above, indicating a high level of happiness; 423 (18.1%) has a total SSRS score 32 or below, indicating poor social support; 201 (8.6%) had a total SDS score of 53 or above, indicating significant depression; and 126 (5.3%) had a total SAS score of 50 or above, indicating significant anxiety. In the multivariate regression analysis the self-reported level of depression was the most important factor related to well-being. Anxiety, social support, income level, the quality of family relationships, the ability to self-regulate emotions, and regular exercise were also significantly related to well-being; but gender, marital status, age and educational level were not associated with well-being.ConclusionAmong elderly urban residents in Beijing, self-reports of poor subjective well-being are closely associated with self-reports of depressive and anxiety symptoms and also associated with social factors such as social support, income level and family relationships. Prospective studies are needed to identify the causal relationships of these variables and, based on the findings, to develop targeted interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and well-being of elderly community members.

An analysis on the clinical characteristic and nursing effects in 60 patients with phosphate codeine habituation

Objective To analyze the clinical data and nursing effects in 60 patients with phosphate codeine habituation.Methods 60 patients with phosphate codeine habituation were treated and nursed as doctors's orders and nursing measures.The self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) were rated before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment and at discharged time,and compared with the norms about treatment and nursing effects.The four weeks' efficacy was evaluated.Results Of 60 subjects,most were male (88.3％),youngsters [aged as (20.3 ± 6.4)years],single(91.7％)and students(61.7％).The sites of taking drug were recreation room (36.7％) and network bar (28.3％).They had depression and anxiety symptoms.The total scores of SDS and SAS showed significantly higher in phosphate codeine habituation patients than those in the norms (P ＜ 0.01).After treating and nursing interventions,patients with phosphate codeine habituation showed more decrease than before(P＜ 0.01).Before intervention,there was higher incidence of psychosis symptoms (11.7％-81.7％) and soma or withdrawal symptoms (6.7％-75.0％).After 2 weeks' treating and nursing interventions or at discharged time from hospital,they showed significantly more decrease than before (P＜0.05or 0.01).The mean hospitalized time was (28.7 ± 5.3) days.The clinical cure rate was 61.7％.Conclusion Psychological and physical health must be enhanced in youngsters to make them far away from narcotic drugs,with early discovery and early interventions. Key words: Substance addict; Phosphate codeine habituation; Clinical characteristic; Nursing intervention

Prevalence and related risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder in rescue paratroopers 1.5 year after Wenchuan earthquake

Objective To investigate the prevalence rate and the related risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) in the rescue paratroopers 1.5 year after Wenchuan earthquake. Methods A total of 183 rescue paratroopers who participated in disaster rescue after Wenchuan earthquake were investigated with the questionnaires composed by General state of health questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version ( PCL-C), Symptom Checklist-90 ( SCL-90), Self-Rating Depression Scale ( SDS) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results Six rescue paratroopers had total PCL-C score ≥ 38 points, with the prevalence rate of PTSD for 3.28%. Total PCL-C score was positively correlated with total SCL-90 score, N score of EPQ and total SDS score (P ＜ 0. 01), but negatively correlated with E score of EPQ. Total PCL-C score showed statistical difference between injury group and uninjury group, family loss group and family integrity group, contacting corpses group and none contacting corpses group (P＜0.05 or ＜0.01). Regression analysis showed the length of military service, nervousness, family loss by earthquake, suffering injuries or contacting corpses during relief operations were the risk factors for PTSD. Conclusion The prevalence rate of PTSD in the rescue paratroopers is higher than that in normal troops (0.49% ) 1.5 year after Wenchuan earthquake, indicating that further attention should be paid to the rescue paratroopers in later period after earthquake. Key words: Posttraumatic stress disorder; Risk factors; paratroopers; Earthquake

Effects of comprehensive psychological intervention on psychological and biochemical indexes of servicemen in three degree combat readiness

Objective To investigate the effects of comprehensive psychological intervention on psychological and biochemical indexes of servicemen in three degree combat readiness. Methods 189 servicemen in three degree combat readiness were randomly divided into the study group and the control group by squad. Beyond the same exercise and education as the control group, the study group received the comprehensive psychological intervention in the course. They were all assessed with Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) ,self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) ,and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ) at the day entering three degree combat readiness (prereadiness) and the next day after the mission (post-readiness). The serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase ( SOD), malondialdehyde ( MDA), cortisol ( COR), and aldosterone (ALD) were determined to evaluate biochemical indexes at the same time. Results Compared with the control group after the combat readiness, the total scores of SDS( (42.1 ± 9.3 ) vs (49.2 ± 10.3 ) ) and SAS( (43.8 ± 7.2) vs (50.6 ± 10.2), P＜ 0. 01 ) were lower, the score of the positive coping style ( ( 21.2 ± 6.4) vs ( 18.2 ± 5.4), P ＜ 0. 05 ) was higher in the study group.Meanwhile,the levels of MDA( (2.6 ±0.51 ) μmol/L) ,COR( (252.5 ±52.4) ng/ml) ,and ALD ( (97.5 ±24.4) pg/ml) were lower ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), the activity of SOD ( ( 1551 ± 354 ) U/gHb) was higher ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) after the combat readiness. In the control group post-readiness, the total scores of SDS (49.2 ± 10.3) and SAS (50.6± 10.2) ,the levels of MDA ( (2.9 ±0.35 ) μmol/L) ,COR( (333.8 ±62.6) ng/ml) ,and ALD( ( 123.8 ±29.6)pg/ml ) increased significantly (P＜0.01), the score of the positive coping style ( 18.2 ± 5.4) and the activity of SOD ( 1302 ± 352 ) U/gHb decreased significantly ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The total scores of SDS, SAS were negatively related to the level of SOD ( r= -0. 142, -0. 119, P＜0. 0lor 0.05) ,and positively related to COR ( r=0. 156,0. 159, P＜0. 01 ) and ALD ( r=0.151,0.156, P＜0. 01 ). The score of positive coping style was positively related to the level of SOD ( r=0. 141, P＜0. 01 ) ,and negatively related to COR and ALD ( r= -0. 152, -0. 155, P＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion Comprehensive psychological intervention could effectively improve the psychological and biochemical indexes,reduce the stress level of servicemen in three degree combat readiness. Key words: Servicemen; Comprehensive psychological intervention; Combat readiness; Biochemical indexes

Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts

Objective To evaluate the effect of isoflavones derived from red clover extracts (MF11RCE) over anxiety and depressive symptoms among postmenopausal women. Methods One hundred and nine postmenopausal women aged 40 or more were randomly assigned to receive two daily capsules of MF11RCE (80 mg red clover isoflavones, Group A) or placebo of equal appearance (Group B) for a 90-day period. After a washout period of 7 days, medication was crossed over and taken for 90 days more. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at baseline, 90 and 187 days with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Zung's Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results After receiving the MF11RCE compound the total HADS (anxiety and depression subscale scores also) and the total SDS scores decreased significantly. This effect was equivalent to a 76.9% reduction in the total HADS score (76% for anxiety and 78.3% for depression) and an 80.6% reduction in the total SDS score. After placebo, total HADS (anxiety and depression subscale also) and total SDS scores also decreased significantly in comparison to baseline but only equivalent to an average 21.7% decline. Conclusion Red clover derived isoflavones (MF11RCE) were effective in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms among postmenopausal women.

Analysis of depression characteristics and the related factors in male patients with heroin dependence

目的 了解男性海洛因依赖者(MPHD)抑郁情绪特点及影响因素.方法采用一般情况问卷(自拟)、抑郁自评问卷(SDS)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)及渴求问卷(HCQ),对湖南地区218名MPHD(研究组)进行测评,以SDS对82名抑郁症患者(对照组)测评.结果 83.51%的MPHD存在着不同程度的抑郁情绪,9.79%的患者有严重的抑郁情绪.MPHD、SDS总分及忧郁、易哭、睡眠障碍、食欲减退、性兴趣减退、体质量减轻、不安、易激惹、决断困难、无价值感10因子分均低于抑郁症组:SDS总分[(49.75±5.02)分 vs(54.10±9.33)分](P ＜0.01);心悸、思考困难、绝望因子分高于抑郁症组(P ＜0.05或P ＜0.01).以是否抑郁为应变量,对有关变量进行Logistic回归分析,TAS总分、HCQ效果期待因子、戒断前飘的感觉依次进入方程.结论 MPHD抑郁发生率较高,但程度较轻,在某些生物学症状、躯体性障碍、抑郁的心理障碍方面表现得同样严重与突出.述情障碍、渴求、戒断前飘的感觉与MPHD抑郁发生密切相关。

Evaluation of depressive conditions among Japanese patients at a menopause clinic.

To examine current depressive tendencies among Japanese patients visiting a menopause clinic with complaints of climacteric symptoms. The subjects were 389 Japanese women (age range: 45-60 years; mean: 51.4 +/- 3.8 years) who visited the menopause clinic in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio university hospital, reporting climacteric symptoms. Their depressive tendencies were examined with the SDS (Self-rating Depression Scale, filled out by the patient). The SDS was computed to be 42.4 +/- 9.9. Ninety-three (23.9%) suffered from an intermediate or higher level depressive tendency; 132 (33.9%) had a mild depression; and 164 (42.2%) were free of any depressive tendency. It was concluded that more than one-half of the subjects suffered from some form of depression. Correlations between age, time after menopause/oophorectomy, and depressive tendency were ambiguous. In comparing the total scores of SDS for pre-, peri-, and postmenopause groups, the incidence of probable depression was higher in the second group, but no significant differences were noted among each group. When the parameters were compared in relation to their hormonal environments, the natural menopause group rated significantly higher in the scores related to sleep disturbance, hopelessness and dissatisfaction than the premenopause group. The number of those who probably exhibited mild or more exaggerated depression was significantly lower in the surgical menopause group in comparison with the natural menopause group. A depressive tendency occurred frequently among Japanese patients with menopausal disorders. It is important to evaluate the mental status of these patients with the aid of an appropriate tool.

Application of the Zung self-rating depression scale to patients before and after introduction to haemodialysis.

In the present study we applied the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) to 19 renal failure patients who were introduced to haemodialysis in the Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. The patients were divided into two groups: the emergent introduction (EI) group, who underwent unanticipated and sudden introduction to haemodialysis, and the ordinary introduction (OI) group, who experienced a more systematic introduction to haemodialysis following recommendation by medical specialists. The patients' Zung SDS responses were collected twice, just before and 2 weeks after haemodialysis introduction. The total SDS score of the EI group was significantly higher than that of the OI group, both before and after haemodialysis introduction. The total SDS scores for the EI and OI groups were significantly reduced after haemodialysis introduction. The SDS scores for the EI group were significantly higher in the mood of depression and cognitive symptoms categories, both before and after haemodyalysis introduction. Before introduction, SDS scores of the EI group were significantly higher in the categories of motor and vegetative symptoms. The SDS scores for vegetative symptoms in the EI group significantly decreased after introduction to haemodialysis. These results suggest that haemodialytic excretion of uremic toxins helps to reduce SDS scores.